2014 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu

The 2014 Indian general elections for Tamil Nadu's 39 seats in the 16th Lok Sabha were held on 24 April 2014. The All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam led by its general secretary J. Jayalalithaa won a spectacular victory, taking 37 of the 39 seats.^[1] The total electors in the state of Tamil Nadu for the election was 55,114,867 and 73.74% of voters exercised their right to do so.^[2] The results of the elections were declared on 16 May 2014.^[3]

2014 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu

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39 Seats
Opinion polls
Turnout	73.74% (0.71%)
First party Second party   Leader J. Jayalalithaa Pon. Radhakrishnan Party AIADMK BJP Alliance – NDA Leader since 1988 2009 Leader's seat Did not contest Kanniyakumari Seats before 9 0 Seats won 37 2 (BJP 1 PMK 1) Seat change 28 2 Popular vote 17,978,922 7,524,756 Percentage 44.92% 18.80% Swing 22.01% 3.01%
Result of the 2014 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu (Green = AIADMK and Saffron = NDA)

Overview

As the term of the 15th Lok Sabha ended in May 2014, the Election Commission of India decided to conduct the election for the 16th Lok Sabha in 24 April 2014.

The election process is carried out by the state election commission headed by Praveen Kumar, and for the first time, Section 144 of the CrPC was used in the election for 36 hours before polling to prevent cash distribution to bribe voters.^[4] As of 23 April 2014, the commission had seized ₹39 crore in the state.^[5]

Schedule

Event	Date (Day)
Issue of Notification	29 March 2014 (Saturday)
Last date for filing Nominations	5 April 2014 (Saturday)
Scrutiny of Nominations	7 April 2014 (Monday)
Last date for withdrawal of candidature	9 April 2014 (Wednesday)
Date of Poll	24 April 2014 (Thursday)
Counting of votes	16 May 2014 (Friday)
Date before which the election process shall be completed	28 May 2014 (Wednesday)

Parties and alliances

All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK)

In the beginning of the year, All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam's general secretary J. Jayalalithaa stated that she would campaign and win all 39 seats by allying with CPI and CPI(M). Members of the AIADMK party declared her the prime ministerial candidate, despite rumors that she might support Narendra Modi.^[6] On 24 February 2014, the date of her birthday, she announced candidates for all 39 Lok Sabha constituencies in Tamil Nadu.^[7]

National Democratic Alliance (NDA)

The Bharatiya Janata Party-led National Democratic Alliance, with Narendra Modi^[8] as prime ministerial candidate, formed an alliance with Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam (DMDK), Pattali Makkal Katchi (PMK),^[9] Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (MDMK), Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi (IJK), Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi(KMDK) and Puthiya Needhi Katchi (PNK). The seats were allotted on 20 March 2014 in Chennai by the national president of the Bharatiya Janata Party and the former chief minister of Uttar Pradesh Rajnath Singh.^[10]

Democratic Progressive Alliance (DPA)

The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam-led Democratic Progressive Alliance, under the leadership of M. Karunanidhi withdrew its support from the Indian National Congress-led United Progressive Alliance government on 19 March 2013 over Sri Lanka issues.^[11] On 25 March 2014, DMK also expelled its south zone organizational secretary and the former minister of chemicals and fertilizers of the Republic of India M. K. Alagiri from the party for violating party discipline.^[12] DPA formed an alliance with Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi (VCK), Manithaneya Makkal Katchi (MMK), the Indian Union Muslim League (IUML), and Puthiya Tamilagam (PT).^[13]

Indian National Congress (INC)

The Indian National Congress under the leadership of Rahul Gandhi stated that they would decide the prime ministerial candidate after the election. They lost their major ally, Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam last year. So INC decided to contest alone in all 39 seats in the state.^[14] The minister of shipping of the Republic of India G. K. Vasan^[15] and the minister of finance of the Republic of India P. Chidambaram were opted out of the election.^[16]

Left and Secular Alliance (LSA)

After six rounds of seat-sharing talks with All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam for the Lok Sabha seats, the Communist Party of India (Marxist) and the Communist Party of India failed to bear fruit, and they opted to make an alliance of their own. On 14 March 2014 the two parties held a joint press conference in Chennai, declaring that CPI(M) would contest nine seats and CPI would contest eight seats.^[17][18]

Seat sharing of parties

Party/Alliance				Flag	Election symbol	Leader	Photo	Seats contested
	All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam					J. Jayalalithaa		39
	National Democratic Alliance		Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam			Vijayakant		14
			Pattali Makkal Katchi			S. Ramadoss		8
			Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam			Vaiko		7
			Bharatiya Janata Party			Pon. Radhakrishnan		6
			Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi			T. R. Paarivendhar		1
			Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi			E. R. Eswaran		1
			Puthiya Needhi Katchi			A. C. Shanmugam		1
	Democratic Progressive Alliance		Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam			M. Karunanidhi		34
			Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi			Thol. Thirumavalavan		2
			Indian Union Muslim League			K. M. Kader Mohideen		1
			Manithaneya Makkal Katchi			M. H. Jawahirullah		1
			Puthiya Tamilagam			K. Krishnasamy		1
	Indian National Congress					B. S. Gnanadesikan		39
	Left and Secular Alliance		Communist Party of India (Marxist)			G. Ramakrishnan		9
			Communist Party of India			D. Pandian		8

Candidates

List of candidates from the prominent political parties

Constituency		AIADMK			NDA			DPA			INC			LSA
No.	Name	Party		Candidate	Party		Candidate	Party		Candidate	Party		Candidate	Party		Candidate
1	Tiruvallur		AIADMK	P. Venugopal		DMDK	V. Yuvaraj		VCK	D. Ravikumar		INC	M. Jayakumar		CPI	A. S. Kannan
2	Chennai North		AIADMK	T. G. Venkatesh Babu		DMDK	M. Soundarapandian		DMK	R. Girirajan		INC	Biju Chacko		CPI(M)	U. Vasuki
3	Chennai South		AIADMK	J. Jayavardhan		BJP	La. Ganesan		DMK	T. K. S. Elangovan		INC	S. V. Ramani		Did not contest
4	Chennai Central		AIADMK	S. R. Vijayakumar		DMDK	J. Constandine Ravindran		DMK	Dayanidhi Maran		INC	C. D. Meyyappan		Did not contest
5	Sriperumbudur		AIADMK	K. N. Ramachandran		MDMK	R. Masilamani		DMK	S. Jagathrakshakan		INC	Arul Anbarasu		Did not contest
6	Kancheepuram		AIADMK	K. Maragatham		MDMK	C. E. Sathya		DMK	G. Selvam		INC	P. Viswanathan		Did not contest
7	Arakkonam		AIADMK	G. Hari		PMK	R. Velu		DMK	N. R. Elango		INC	R. Rajesh		Did not contest
8	Vellore		AIADMK	B. Senguttuvan		BJP	A. C. Shanmugam		IUML	M. Abdul Rahman		INC	J. Vijay Elanchezian		Did not contest
9	Krishnagiri		AIADMK	K. Ashok Kumar		PMK	G. K. Mani		DMK	P. Chinna Pillappa		INC	A. Chellakumar		Did not contest
10	Dharmapuri		AIADMK	P. S. Mohan		PMK	Anbumani Ramadoss		DMK	R. Thamaraiselvan		INC	Rama Suganthan		Did not contest
11	Tiruvannamalai		AIADMK	R. Vanaroja		PMK	G. Ediroli Manian		DMK	C. N. Annadurai		INC	A. Subramaniyan		Did not contest
12	Arani		AIADMK	V. Elumalai		PMK	A. K. Moorthy		DMK	R. Sivanandam		INC	M. K. Vishnu Prasad		Did not contest
13	Viluppuram		AIADMK	S. Rajendran		DMDK	K. Umasankar		DMK	K. Muthaiyan		INC	K. Rani		CPI(M)	G. Anandan
14	Kallakurichi		AIADMK	K. Kamaraj		DMDK	V. P. Eswaran		DMK	R. Manimaran		INC	R. Devadass		Did not contest
15	Salem		AIADMK	V. Pannerselvam		DMDK	L. K. Sudhish		DMK	S. Umarani		INC	Rangarajan Mohan Kumaramangalam		Did not contest
16	Namakkal		AIADMK	P. R. Sundaram		DMDK	S. K. Vel		DMK	S. Gandhiselvan		INC	G. R. Subramaniyan		Did not contest
17	Erode		AIADMK	S. Selvakumara Chinnayan		MDMK	A. Ganeshamurthi		DMK	H. Pavithravalli		INC	P. Gopi		Did not contest
18	Tiruppur		AIADMK	V. Sathyabama		DMDK	N. Dineshkumar		DMK	M. Senthilnathan		INC	E. V. K. S. Elangovan		CPI	K. Subbarayan
19	Nilgiris		AIADMK	C. Gopalakrishnan		Did not contest			DMK	A. Raja		INC	P. Gandhi		Did not contest
20	Coimbatore		AIADMK	P. Nagarajan		BJP	C. P. Radhakrishnan		DMK	K. Ganeshkumar		INC	R. Prabhu		CPI(M)	P. R. Natarajan
21	Pollachi		AIADMK	C. Mahendran		BJP	E. R. Eswaran		DMK	Pongalur N. Palanisamy		INC	Selvaraj		Did not contest
22	Dindigul		AIADMK	M. Udhaya Kumar		DMDK	A. Krishnamoorthy		DMK	S. Gandhirajan		INC	N. S. V. Chitthan		CPI(M)	N. Pandi
23	Karur		AIADMK	M. Thambidurai		DMDK	N. S. Krishnan		DMK	M. Chinnasamy		INC	S. Jothimani		Did not contest
24	Tiruchirappalli		AIADMK	P. Kumar		DMDK	A, M, G, Vijaykumar		DMK	Mu. Anbhalagan		INC	Sarubala R. Tondaiman		CPI(M)	S. Sridhar
25	Perambalur		AIADMK	R. P. Marutharajaa		BJP	T. R. Paarivendhar		DMK	S. Seemanur Prabu		INC	M. Rajasekaran		Did not contest
26	Cuddalore		AIADMK	A. Arunmozhithevan		DMDK	C. R. Jayasankar		DMK	K. Nandagopalakrishnan		INC	K. S. Alagiri		CPI	K. Balasubramanian
27	Chidambaram		AIADMK	M. Chandrakasi		PMK	Sudhamanirathinem		VCK	Thol. Thirumavalavan		INC	P. Vallal Peruman		Did not contest
28	Mayiladuthurai		AIADMK	R. K. Bharathi Mohan		PMK	K. Agoram		MNMK	S. Hyder Ali		INC	Mani Shankar Aiyar		Did not contest
29	Nagapattinam		AIADMK	K. Gopal		PMK	Vadivel Ravanan		DMK	A. K. S. Vijayan		INC	Thalai T. A. P. Senthilpandian		CPI	G. Palanisamy
30	Thanjavur		AIADMK	K. Parasuraman		BJP	M. Muruganantham		DMK	T. R. Baalu		INC	T. Krishnasamy Vandayar		CPI(M)	S. Tamilselvi
31	Sivaganga		AIADMK	P. R. Senthilnathan		BJP	H. Raja		DMK	Dhurai Raaj Subha		INC	Karti P. Chidambaram		CPI	S. Krishnan
32	Madurai		AIADMK	R. Gopalakrishnan		DMDK	D. Sivamuthu Kumar		DMK	V. Velusamy		INC	T. N. Bharath Nachiappan		CPI(M)	B. Vikraman
33	Theni		AIADMK	R. Parthipan		MDMK	K. Alagusundaram		DMK	Pon. Muthuramalingam		INC	J. M. Aaroon Rashid		Did not contest
34	Virudhunagar		AIADMK	T. Radhakrishnan		MDMK	Vaiko		DMK	S. Rethinavelu		INC	B. Manickam Tagore		CPI(M)	K. Samuelraj
35	Ramanathapuram		AIADMK	A. Anwhar Raajhaa		BJP	D. Kuppu Ramu		DMK	S. Mohamed Jaleel		INC	Su. Thirunavukkarasar		CPI	R. T. Uma Mageswari
36	Thoothukkudi		AIADMK	J. Jayasingh Thiyagaraj Natterjee		MDMK	S. Joel		DMK	P. Jegan		INC	A. P. C. V. Shanmugam		CPI	A. Mohanraj
37	Tenkasi		AIADMK	M. Vasanthi		MDMK	T. Sadhan Tirumalaikumar		PT	K. Krishnasamy		INC	K. Jayakumar		CPI	P. Lingam
38	Tirunelveli		AIADMK	K. R. P. Prabakaran		DMDK	S. Sivananenthaperumal		DMK	Devadasa Sundaram		INC	S. S. Ramasubbu		Did not contest
39	Kanniyakumari		AIADMK	D. John Thankam		BJP	Pon. Radhakrishnan		DMK	F. M. Rajarathnam		INC	H. Vasanthakumar		CPI(M)	A. V. Bellarmin

Opinion poll

Polling agency	Date published						Lead	Ref.
		AIADMK	NDA	DPA	INC	Others
Times Now-India TV-CVoter	August – October 2013	28	0	5	1	5	AIADMK	[19]
India Today-CVoter	December 2013 – January 2014	29	–	5	0	5	AIADMK	[20]
Times Now-India TV-CVoter	January – February 2014	27	0	5	1	6	AIADMK	[21]
NDTV-Hansa Research	March 2014	27	0	10	0	2	AIADMK	[22]
CNN-IBN-Lokniti-CSDS	March – April 2014	15–21	6 – 10	10 – 16	0	0	AIADMK	[23]
NDTV-Hansa Research	April 2014	22	3	14	0	0	AIADMK	[24]
India Today-Cicero	4 – 12 April 2014	20–24	4 – 6	9 – 13	0	0–2	AIADMK	[25]

Results

By Party

Party				Popular vote			Seats
				Votes	%	±pp	Contested	Won	+/−
	All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam			17,978,922	44.92	22.01	39	37	28
	NDA		Bharatiya Janata Party	2,223,566	5.56	3.21	8	1	1
			Pattali Makkal Katchi	1,804,812	4.51	1.21	8	1	1
			Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam	2,078,843	5.19	4.89	14	0
			Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	1,417,535	3.54	0.12	7	0	1
		Total		7,524,756	18.80	3.01	38	2	1
	DPA		Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	9,570,666	23.91	1.21	34	0	18
			Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi	606,110	1.51	0.90	2	0	1
			Puthiya Tamilagam	262,812	0.66	0.26	1	0
			Manithaneya Makkal Katchi	236,679	0.59	0.37	1	0
			Indian Union Muslim League	205,896	0.51		1	0
		Total		10,882,163	27.18	1.48	39	0	19
	Indian National Congress			1,750,990	4.37	10.66	39	0	8
	LSA		Communist Party of India (Marxist)	220,632	0.55	1.65	9	0	1
			Communist Party of India	219,866	0.55	2.30	8	0	1
		Total		440,498	1.10	3.95	17	0	2
	Others			866,317	2.20		673	0
	NOTA			581,782	1.43
Total				40,025,367	100	N/A	845	39	N/A
Vote statistics
Valid votes				40,025,367	72.62
Invalid votes				651,915	1.12
Votes cast/turnout				40,644,282	73.74
Abstentions				14,470,585	26.26
Registered voters				55,114,867	100

By Member

37	1	1
AIADMK	BJP	PMK

By Constituency

Constituency		Winner					Runner Up					Margin
No.	Name	Party		Candidate	Votes	%	Party		Candidate	Votes	%
1	Tiruvallur		AIADMK	P. Venugopal	628,499	50.10		VCK	D. Ravikumar	305,069	24.32		323,430
2	Chennai North		AIADMK	T. G. Venkatesh Babu	406,704	44.67		DMK	R. Girirajan	307,000	33.72	99,704
3	Chennai South		AIADMK	J. Jayavardhan	434,540	40.03		DMK	T. K. S. Elangovan	298,965	27.54	135,575
4	Chennai Central		AIADMK	S. R. Vijayakumar	333,296	40.88		DMK	Dayanidhi Maran	287,455	35.26	45,841
5	Sriperumbudur		AIADMK	K. N. Ramachandran	545,820	42.42		DMK	S. Jagathrakshakan	443,174	34.44	102,646
6	Kancheepuram		AIADMK	K. Maragatham	499,395	44.20		DMK	G. Selvam	352,529	31.20	146,866
7	Arakkonam		AIADMK	G. Hari	493,534	45.29		DMK	N. R. Elango	252,768	23.19	240,766
8	Vellore		AIADMK	B. Senguttuvan	383,719	39.35		BJP	A. C. Shanmugam	324,326	33.26	59,393
9	Krishnagiri		AIADMK	K. Ashok Kumar	480,491	44.93		DMK	P. Chinna Pillappa	273,900	25.61	206,591
10	Dharmapuri		PMK	Anbumani Ramadoss	468,194	42.46		AIADMK	P. S. Mohan	391,048	35.46	77,146
11	Tiruvannamalai		AIADMK	R. Vanaroja	500,751	46.86		DMK	C. N. Annadurai	332,145	31.08	168,606
12	Arani		AIADMK	V. Elumalai	502,721	45.85		DMK	R. Sivanandam	258,877	23.61	243,844
13	Viluppuram		AIADMK	S. Rajendran	482,704	45.19		DMK	K. Muthaiyan	289,337	27.09	193,367
14	Kallakurichi		AIADMK	K. Kamaraj	533,383	48.16		DMK	R. Manimaran	309,876	27.98	223,507
15	Salem		AIADMK	V. Pannerselvam	556,546	48.36		DMK	S. Umarani	288,936	25.11	267,610
16	Namakkal		AIADMK	P. R. Sundaram	563,272	53.14		DMK	S. Gandhiselvan	268,898	25.37	294,374
17	Erode		AIADMK	S. Selvakumara Chinnayan	466,995	46.26		MDMK	A. Ganeshamurthi	255,432	25.30	211,563
18	Tiruppur		AIADMK	V. Sathyabama	442,778	42.14		DMDK	N. Dineshkumar	263,463	25.07	179,315
19	Nilgiris		AIADMK	C. Gopalakrishnan	463,700	49.67		DMK	A. Raja	358760	38.43	104,940
20	Coimbatore		AIADMK	P. Nagarajan	431,717	36.69		BJP	C. P. Radhakrishnan	389,701	33.12	42,016
21	Pollachi		AIADMK	C. Mahendran	417,092	41.18		BJP	E. R. Eswaran	276,118	27.26	140,974
22	Dindigul		AIADMK	M. Udhaya Kumar	510,462	47.10		DMK	S. Gandhirajan	382,617	35.31	127,845
23	Karur		AIADMK	M. Thambidurai	540,722	51.64		DMK	M. Chinnasamy	345,475	32.99	195,247
24	Tiruchirappalli		AIADMK	P. Kumar	458,478	46.37		DMK	Mu. Anbhalagan	308,002	31.15	150,476
25	Perambalur		AIADMK	R. P. Marutharajaa	462,693	44.85		DMK	S. Seemanur Prabu	249,645	24.20	213,048
26	Cuddalore		AIADMK	A. Arunmozhithevan	481,429	48.87		DMK	K. Nandagopalakrishnan	278,304	28.25	203,125
27	Chidambaram		AIADMK	M. Chandrakasi	429,536	39.45		VCK	Thol. Thirumavalavan	301,041	27.65	128,495
28	Mayiladuthurai		AIADMK	R. K. Bharathi Mohan	513,729	50.04		MNMK	S. Hyder Ali	236,679	23.06	277,050
29	Nagapattinam		AIADMK	K. Gopal	434,174	46.06		DMK	A. K. S. Vijayan	328,095	34.81	106,079
30	Thanjavur		AIADMK	K. Parasuraman	510,307	50.39		DMK	T. R. Baalu	366,188	36.16	144,119
31	Sivaganga		AIADMK	P. R. Senthilnathan	475,993	46.33		DMK	Dhurai Raaj Subha	246,608	24.00	229,385
32	Madurai		AIADMK	R. Gopalakrishnan	453,785	46.48		DMK	V. Velusamy	254,361	26.05	199,424
33	Theni		AIADMK	R. Parthipan	571,254	53.06		DMK	Pon. Muthuramalingam	256,722	23.84	314,532
34	Virudhunagar		AIADMK	T. Radhakrishnan	406,694	40.20		MDMK	Vaiko	261,143	25.81	145,551
35	Ramanathapuram		AIADMK	A. Anwhar Raajhaa	405,945	40.54		DMK	S. Mohamed Jaleel	286,621	28.63	119,324
36	Thoothukkudi		AIADMK	J. Jayasingh Thiyagaraj Natterjee	366,052	39.92		DMK	P. Jegan	242,050	26.40	124,002
37	Tenkasi		AIADMK	M. Vasanthi	424,586	41.65		PT	K. Krishnasamy	262,812	25.78	161,774
38	Tirunelveli		AIADMK	K. R. P. Prabakaran	398,139	41.36		DMK	Devadasa Sundaram	272,040	28.26	126,099
39	Kanniyakumari		BJP	Pon. Radhakrishnan	372,906	37.62		INC	H. Vasanthakumar	244,244	24.64	128,662

Analysis

The ruling AIADMK, after winning 37 out of 39 seats, emerged as the third largest party in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian Parliament. It had been recorded as the best performance by any party in the state after the INC, when it won 31 seats in the 1962 election. Prominent DMK leaders and former union cabinet ministers T. R. Baalu, A. Raja, and Dayanidhi Maran lost their respective seats. AIADMK's big success can be understood from the fact that, despite being a multi-cornered contest between AIADMK, NDA, DPA, INC, and LSA 33 seats were won by the party with a margin of more than 1 lakh votes.^[26]

However, AIADMK general secretary J. Jayalalithaa ruled out joining the new government of India led by the BJP-led NDA.^[27]

After the result of 1989 and 1991 elections, it was the third time that the DMK had no representative in the Lok Sabha. The same thing happened to INC when it drew a blank since the 1998 election. Similarly, the communist parties, the CPI and CPI(M), did not win any seats, their worst performances since the 1999 and 1996 elections, respectively.

The factors attributed to the sweeping result in favor of AIADMK were the implementation of various welfare schemes by the government led by J. Jayalalithaa and the hope people in Tamil Nadu had in her that she would protect Tamil interests.^[28]

Key positions held by elected members of parliament

Deputy speakers of the Lok Sabha

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Elected constituency	Term in office			Political party		Speaker
				Assumed office	Left office	Time in office
1		M. Thambidurai (1947–)	Karur	13 August 2014	25 May 2019	4 years, 285 days	All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam		Sumitra Mahajan

Union ministers of state

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Elected constituency	Portfolio	Term in office			Political party		Cabinet Minister
					Assumed office	Left office	Time in office
1		Pon. Radhakrishnan (1952–)	Kanniyakumari	Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises	27 May 2014	8 November 2014	165 days	Bharatiya Janata Party		Anant Geete
				Ministry of Road Transport and Highways	9 November 2014	2 September 2017	2 years, 297 days			Nitin Gadkari
				Ministry of Shipping		24 May 2019	4 years, 196 days			Nitin Gadkari
				Ministry of Finance	3 September 2017		1 year, 263 days			Arun Jaitley Piyush Goyal Arun Jaitley

See also

• Elections in India
• Elections in Tamil Nadu

References

1. "Lok Sabha elections begin April 7, counting on May 16". India today. 5 March 2014. Archived from the original on 5 March 2014. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
2. "Electorate for 2014 General Elections". Archived from the original on 24 March 2014. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
3. "EC revises TN turnout to 73.67%". The Hindu. 26 April 2014. Archived from the original on 4 May 2014. Retrieved 4 May 2014.
4. "Sec 144 Invoked to Curb Cash Flow". The New Indian Express. 23 April 2014. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
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External links

• Official Website of Election Commission of India
• Election statistics provided by ECI