1930 (MCMXXX ) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar , the 1930th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 930th year of the 2nd millennium , the 30th year of the 20th century , and the 1st year of the 1930s decade.
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1930 .
January
January 15 – The Moon moves into its nearest point to Earth, called perigee, at the same time as its fullest phase of the Lunar Cycle. This is the closest moon distance at 356,397 km (221,455 mi) in recent history, and the next one will be on January 1, 2257, at 356,371 km (221,439 mi) .[1]
January 26 – The Indian National Congress declares this date as Independence Day, or as the day for Purna Swaraj (Complete Independence).[2]
January 28 – The first patent for a field-effect transistor is granted in the United States, to Julius Edgar Lilienfeld .[3]
January 30 – Pavel Molchanov launches a radiosonde from Slutsk in the Soviet Union .[4]
October
Former President of Finland K. J. Ståhlberg and his wife Ester at the Helsinki Central Station after their kidnapping. In the middle of picture their daughter Elli stands behind them.
October – The Indochinese Communist Party is formed.
October 1 – British rule of Weihaiwei ends, as it is returned to China.
October 3 – The German Socialist Labour Party in Poland – Left is founded, following a split in the DSAP in Łódź .
October 5 – British airship R101 , the world's largest flying craft, crashes in France en route to India, on its first overseas flight, resulting in the loss of 48 lives, with six survivors. Those killed include Britain's Air Minister, Christopher Thomson, 1st Baron Thomson .[23]
October 14 – Ståhlberg kidnapping : The former and first President of Finland , Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg , and his wife, Ester Ståhlberg , are kidnapped from their home by members of the far-right Lapua Movement but released unharmed.[24] [25]
October 20 – The British Passfield white paper demands restrictions on Jewish immigration into Mandatory Palestine .[26]
October 24 – Brazilian Revolution of 1930 : Getúlio Vargas overthrows Washington Luís .
October 27 – Ratifications are exchanged in London on the first London Naval Treaty signed in April, modifying the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922. Its arms limitation provisions go into effect immediately, hence putting more limits on the expensive naval arms race between its five signatories (the United Kingdom, the United States, the Empire of Japan , France and Italy.)
December
December – All adult Turkish women are given the right to vote in elections.
December 19 – Mount Merapi volcano in central Java , Indonesia , erupts, destroying numerous villages and killing 1,300 people.
December 24 – In London, inventor Harry Grindell Matthews demonstrates his device to project pictures on clouds.
December 29 – Sir Muhammad Iqbal 's presidential address in Allahabad introduces the two-nation theory , outlining a vision for the creation of Pakistan .[28]
December 31 – The Papal encyclical Casti connubii , issued by Pope Pius XI , stresses the sanctity of marriage, prohibits Roman Catholics from using any form of artificial birth control , and reaffirms the Catholic prohibition on abortion .
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January
Tippi Hedren
Buzz Aldrin
Derek Walcott
Gene Hackman
January 1
January 3
January 5 – M. R. Srinivasan , Indian nuclear scientist[35]
January 6
January 9 – Pavel Kolchin , Soviet Olympic cross-country skier (d. 2010 )[38]
January 10 – Roy E. Disney , Disney executive (d. 2009 )[39]
January 11 – Rod Taylor , Australian actor (d. 2015 )[40]
January 12
January 15 – Hédi Baccouche , Prime Minister of Tunisia (d. 2020 )[43]
January 19 – Tippi Hedren , American actress[44]
January 20 – Buzz Aldrin , American pilot, astronaut (Apollo 11 ), second person to set foot on the Moon [45]
January 21 – Mainza Chona , Zambian politician and diplomat (d. 2001 )[46]
January 23
January 24 – Terence Bayler , New Zealand actor (d. 2016 )[49]
January 27 – Bobby Bland , African-American R&B musician (d. 2013 )[50]
January 30
February
Robert Wagner
Joanne Woodward
Ruth Rendell
February 1
February 3 – Mani Krishnaswami , Carnatic music vocalist from Tamil Nadu, India (d. 2002 )[55]
February 4 – Jim Loscutoff , American basketball player (d. 2015 )[56]
February 7 – Ikutaro Kakehashi , Japanese engineer and entrepreneur (d. 2017 )[57]
February 8 – Alejandro Rey , Argentine-American actor (d. 1987 )[58]
February 10 – Robert Wagner , American actor[59]
February 13
February 17 – Ruth Rendell , British author (d. 2015 )[62]
February 19
February 22 – Marni Nixon , American vocalist (d. 2016 )[65]
February 23 – Goro Shimura , Japanese mathematician (d. 2019 )[66]
February 27 – Joanne Woodward , American actress[67]
February 28 – Leon Cooper , American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2024 )[68]
March
Tom Wolfe
Sandra Day O'Connor
March 2 – Tom Wolfe , American author, journalist (d. 2018 )[69]
March 3
March 6
March 7
March 8 – Douglas Hurd , English politician[77]
March 9 – Ornette Coleman , American jazz saxophonist (d. 2015 )[78]
March 14
March 15
March 17 – James Irwin , American astronaut (d. 1991 )[84]
March 18 – Adam Maida , American Roman Catholic prelate; Archbishop of Detroit (1990–2009)[85]
March 19 – Gualtiero Marchesi , Italian chef and restaurateur (d. 2017 )[86]
March 20 – Thomas Williams , New Zealand cardinal (d. 2023 )[87]
March 22
March 24
March 26 – Sandra Day O'Connor , American politician, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States [93] (d. 2023 )
March 27 – Daniel Spoerri , Romanian-Swiss artist and writer[94]
March 28
March 29
March 30
March 31 – Julián Herranz Casado , Spanish cardinal[101]
April
Helmut Kohl
Mary Costa
Vigdís Finnbogadóttir
April 1 – Grace Lee Whitney , American actress (Star Trek ) (d. 2015 )[102]
April 3
April 5
April 7
April 8 – Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma (d. 2010 )[109]
April 9 – F. Albert Cotton , American chemist (d. 2007 )[110]
April 10
April 11
April 12 – John Landy , Australian athlete and politician (d. 2022 )[116] [117]
April 14 – Bradford Dillman , American actor and author (d. 2018 )[118]
April 15 – Vigdís Finnbogadóttir , President of Iceland [119]
April 16 – Herbie Mann , American jazz flutist (d. 2003 )[120]
April 19 – Dick Sargent , American actor and gay activist (d. 1994 )[121]
April 21 – Silvana Mangano , Italian actress (d. 1989 )[122]
April 24
April 25 – Paul Mazursky , American director and writer (d. 2014 )[125]
April 26 – Roger Moens , Belgian athlete and sportscaster[126]
April 28
April 29
April 30 – Félix Guattari , French psychotherapist, philosopher, semiologist, and activist (d. 1992 )[131]
May
Clint Eastwood
May 1 – Little Walter , African-American blues singer, musician, and songwriter (d. 1968 )[132]
May 3 – Juan Gelman , Argentine poet, writer (d. 2014 )[133]
May 4 – Roberta Peters , American soprano (d. 2017 )[134]
May 5 – Michael J. Adams , American aviator, aeronautical engineer, and astronaut (d. 1967 )[135]
May 8
May 9 – Joan Sims , English actress (d. 2001 )[138]
May 11 – Edsger W. Dijkstra , Dutch computer scientist (d. 2002 )[139]
May 13
May 14 – María Irene Fornés , Cuban-American playwright (d. 2018 )[142]
May 15
May 17 – María Luisa Mendoza , Mexican journalist, novelist and politician (d. 2018 )[145]
May 19 – Lorraine Hansberry , African-American playwright (d. 1965 )[146]
May 20 – James McEachin , American actor[147]
May 21 – Malcolm Fraser , 22nd Prime Minister of Australia (d. 2015 )[148]
May 22
May 25 – Sonia Rykiel , French fashion designer (d. 2016 )[151]
May 27
May 28 – Edward Seaga , Jamaican politician, 5th Prime Minister of Jamaica (d. 2019 )[154]
May 31
June
Magdalena Abakanowicz
June 1 – Edward Woodward , English actor and singer (d. 2009 )[157]
June 2 – Pete Conrad , American astronaut, moonwalker and commander of Apollo 12 (d. 1999 )[158]
June 3
June 4
June 6 – Frank Tyson , English cricketer (d. 2015 )[163]
June 8 – Robert Aumann , German-born mathematician, recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences [164]
June 9
June 10 – Grace Mirabella , American journalist, editor of Vogue 1971–88 (d. 2021 )[167]
June 11
June 12
June 16 – Vilmos Zsigmond , Hungarian-American cinematographer (d. 2016 )[172]
June 19 – Gena Rowlands , American actress (d. 2024 )[173]
June 20
June 21 – Gerald Kaufman , British Labour politician (d. 2017 )[176]
June 22
June 23
June 24 – Claude Chabrol , French film director (d. 2010 )[181]
June 26
June 27 – Ross Perot , American business magnate, billionaire, politician, and philanthropist (d. 2019 )[184]
June 28
June 29
June 30
July
Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada
Theodore McCarrick
Biljana Plavšić
July 1 – Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada , Bolivian politician and businessman[192]
July 2
July 3
July 4
July 6
July 7
July 9 – Slavko Dacevski , Macedonian football player and manager[206]
July 11
July 12 – Gordon Pinsent , Canadian actor (d. 2023 )[209]
July 14 – Polly Bergen , American actress (d. 2014 )[210]
July 15
July 17
July 19 – David Rubadiri , Malawian diplomat, academic, poet, playwright and novelist (d. 2018 )[217]
July 20
July 21
July 22 – Ferruccio Amendola , Italian actor and voice actor (d. 2001 )
July 24 – Jacqueline Brookes , American actress (d. 2013 )[223]
July 25
July 28
August
Neil Armstrong
Jan Olszewski
Princess Margaret
Sir Sean Connery
Georgiy Daneliya
August 1
August 4
August 5 – Neil Armstrong , American astronaut, first human to set foot on the Moon , commander of Apollo 11 (d. 2012 )[234]
August 6 – Abbey Lincoln , American singer (d. 2010 )[235]
August 9
August 10 – Luigi De Filippo , Italian actor (d. 2018 )[238]
August 12 – George Soros , Hungarian-born investor[239]
August 14 – Liz Fraser , English actress (d. 2018 )[240]
August 15 – Tom Mboya , Kenyan trade unionist, educationist, Pan Africanist, author and independence activist (probable; d. 1969 )[241]
August 16
August 17 – Ted Hughes , English poet (d. 1998 )[246]
August 19 – Frank McCourt , Irish-American writer (d. 2009 )[247]
August 20 – Jan Olszewski , 3rd Prime Minister of Poland (d. 2019 )[248]
August 21 – Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon (d. 2002 )[249]
August 22 – Gylmar dos Santos Neves , Brazilian footballer (d. 2013 )[250]
August 23 – Michel Rocard , Prime Minister of France (d. 2016 )[251]
August 24 – Sultanah Bahiyah , Sultanah of Kedah (d. 2003 )[252]
August 25
August 27 – Gholamreza Takhti , Iranian wrestler (d. 1968 )[255]
August 28
August 30
September
Akira Suzuki
September 1 – Charles Correa , Indian architect (d. 2015 )[262]
September 3 – Cherry Wilder , New Zealand novelist (d. 2002 )[263]
September 6 – Salvatore De Giorgi , Italian cardinal[264]
September 7
September 8
September 9 – Frank Lucas , African-American drug trafficker (d. 2019 )[270]
September 11 – Renzo Montagnani , Italian actor (d. 1997 )[271]
September 12 – Akira Suzuki , Japanese chemist, Nobel Prize laureate[272]
September 13 – Jimmy McLane , American Olympic swimmer (d. 2020 )[273]
September 16 – Anne Francis , American actress (d. 2011 )[274]
September 17
September 20 – Kenneth Mopeli , Chief Minister of QwaQwa bantustan (d. 2014 )[279]
September 23 – Ray Charles , African-American singer, musician and actor (d. 2004 )[280]
September 24 – John Young , American astronaut (d. 2018 )[281]
September 25
September 26
September 29
October
Hafez al-Assad
Francisca Aguirre
Mobutu Sese Seko
Omara Portuondo
October 1
October 2 – Dave Barrett , Canadian politician (d. 2018 )[290]
October 4 – Andrej Marinc , Slovenian politician[291]
October 5
October 6
October 8 – Tōru Takemitsu , Japanese composer (d. 1996 )[296]
October 10
October 11 – A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury , 13th President of Bangladesh (d. 2024 )[299]
October 14
October 17 – Robert Atkins , American nutritionist (d. 2003 )[302]
October 18 – Frank Carlucci , American politician (d. 2018 )[303]
October 19 – Ron Joyce , Canadian businessman (d. 2019 )[304]
October 21 – Ivan Silayev , Soviet and Russian politician (d. 2023 )
October 24
October 27 – Francisca Aguirre , Spanish poet (d. 2019 )[307]
October 28 – Bernie Ecclestone , English motor racing tycoon[308]
October 29
October 30
October 31 – Michael Collins , American astronaut[313] (d. 2021 )
November
Mildred Dresselhaus
Ed White
Chinua Achebe
November 5 – Hans Mommsen , German historian (d. 2015 )[314]
November 11
November 13
November 14
November 15 – J. G. Ballard , English writer (d. 2009 )[322]
November 16
November 17 – Bob Mathias , American athlete (d. 2006 )[325]
November 19 – Christian Schwarz-Schilling , Austrian-German politician and philanthropist[326]
November 20 – Choe Yong-rim , North Korean politician[327]
November 22 – Owen Garriott , American astronaut (d. 2019 )[328]
November 24 – Inge Feltrinelli , German-Italian publisher, photographer (d. 2018 )[329]
November 26 – Berthold Leibinger , German engineer, entrepreneur and philanthropist (d. 2018 )[330]
November 29 – David Goldblatt , South African photographer (d. 2018 )[331]
November 30 – G. Gordon Liddy , American organizer of the Watergate burglaries (d. 2021 )[332]
December
Jean-Luc Godard
Armin Mueller-Stahl
Odetta
December 2 – Gary Becker , American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2014 )[333]
December 3 – Jean-Luc Godard , French film director (d. 2022 )[334]
December 4
December 6 – Daniel Lisulo , Prime Minister of Zambia (d. 2000 )[337]
December 7 – Christopher Nicole , Guyanese-born British writer (d. 2017 )[338]
December 8 – Maximilian Schell , Swiss-Austrian actor (d. 2014 )[339]
December 9
December 11 – Jean-Louis Trintignant , French actor and director (d. 2022 )[342]
December 12 – Silvio Santos , Brazilian TV show host, entrepreneur (d. 2024 )[343]
December 15
December 17 – Armin Mueller-Stahl , Russian-born German actor[346]
December 19 – Anca Giurchescu , Romanian academic and ethnochoreologist (d. 2015 )[347]
December 21
December 25 – Salah Jahin , Egyptian poet, lyricist, playwright and cartoonist (d. 1986 )[350]
December 28 – Mariam A. Aleem , Egyptian artist (d. 2010 )[351]
December 30
December 31 – Odetta , American singer (d. 2008 )[354]
January – February
Ahmad Shah Qajar
Mabel Normand
William Howard Taft
Miguel Primo de Rivera
Arthur Balfour
Patriarch George V of Armenia
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
January 8 – Martha Tynæs , Norwegian social worker and politician (b. 1870 )[355]
January 9 – Edward Bok , American author (b. 1863 )[356]
January 19 – Frank Ramsey , British philosopher, mathematician and economist (b. 1903 )[357]
January 22 – Reginald Brett, 2nd Viscount Esher , British politician and courtier (b. 1852 )[358]
January 24 – Rebecca Latimer Felton , American writer, lecturer, reformer, and politician (b. 1835 )[359]
January 27 – Dewa Shigetō , Japanese admiral (b. 1856 )[360]
January 28 – Emmy Destinn , Czech operatic soprano (b. 1878 )[361]
February 3
February 14 – Sir Thomas MacKenzie , New Zealand politician, explorer, 18th Prime Minister of New Zealand and High Commissioner (b. 1854 )[363]
February 15 – Giulio Douhet , Italian general, air power theorist (b. 1869 )[364]
February 21 – Ahmad Shah Qajar , Shah of Persia (b. 1898 )[365]
February 23
February 26
March – April
March 2 – D. H. Lawrence , British writer (b. 1885 )[370]
March 6 – Alfred von Tirpitz , German politician, admiral (b. 1848 )[371]
March 8 – William Howard Taft , 27th President of the United States , 10th Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1857 )[372]
March 12 – William George Barker , Canadian pilot (b. 1894 )[373]
March 13 – Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman , American author (b. 1852 )[374]
March 14 – A. A. Kannisto , Finnish politician (b. 1876 )[375]
March 16 – Miguel Primo de Rivera , Spanish military officer, Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1870 )[376]
March 19 – Arthur Balfour , British politician and statesman, 48th Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1848 )[377]
March 24 – Eugeen Van Mieghem , Belgian painter (b. 1875 )[378]
March 27 – Sister Christine , German-born Hindu teacher[379]
March 30 – Shyamji Krishna Varma , Indian lawyer, journalist and revolutionary (b. 1857 )[380]
April 1 – Cosima Wagner , wife and inspiration of Richard Wagner (b. 1837 )[381]
April 2 – Empress Zewditu of Ethiopia (b. 1876 )[382]
April 3 – Dame Emma Albani , Canadian operatic soprano (b. 1847 )[383]
April 4 – Victoria of Baden , Queen consort of Sweden (b. 1862 )[384]
April 6 – Dimitrije, Serbian Patriarch (b. 1846 )[385]
April 9 – Rose Caron , French operatic soprano (b. 1857 )[386]
April 14 – Vladimir Mayakovsky , Russian poet (b. 1893 )[387]
April 21 – Robert Bridges , British poet (b. 1844 )[388]
April 22 – Jeppe Aakjær , Danish poet, novelist (b. 1866 )[389]
May – June
May 8 – Patriarch George V of Armenia (b. 1847 ) [ citation needed ]
May 13 – Fridtjof Nansen , Norwegian explorer, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1861 )[390]
May 17 – Herbert Croly , American political author (b. 1869 )[391]
May 25
June 5
June 9 – William Allardyce , British colonial governor (b. 1861 )[398]
June 10 – Adolf von Harnack , German Lutheran theologian and church historian (b. 1851 )[399]
June 13 – Sir Henry Segrave , British racer, land and water speed record holder (b. 1896 )[400]
June 14 – Enrico Millo , Italian admiral and politician (b. 1865 )[401]
June 16 – Anna Whitlock , Swedish suffragist (b. 1852 )[402]
June 30 – Yashiro Rokurō , Japanese admiral and politician (b. 1860 )[403] [404] [405]
July– August
Joseph Ward
Juan Luis Sanfuentes
July 7 – Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , British fiction writer (Sherlock Holmes ) (b. 1859 )[406]
July 8 – Sir Joseph Ward , 17th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1856 )[407]
July 11 – Masataka Ogawa , Japanese chemist (b. 1865 )[408]
July 15
July 16 – Juan Luis Sanfuentes , 16th President of Chile (b. 1858 )[411]
July 19
July 23 – Glenn Curtiss , American aviation pioneer (b. 1878 )[414]
July 26 – Pavlos Karolidis , Greek historian (b. 1849 )[415]
July 28 – Allvar Gullstrand , Swedish ophthalmologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1862 )[416]
August 3 – James Alexander Anderson , Canadian politician
August 4 – Siegfried Wagner , German composer and conductor, son of Richard Wagner (born 1869 )[417]
August 11 – Edward Angle , American dentist (b. 1855 )[418]
August 12 – Sir Horace Smith-Dorrien , English general (b. 1858 )[419]
August 15 – Florian Cajori , Swiss-born historian of mathematics (b. 1859 )[420]
August 21 – Sir Aston Webb , British architect (b. 1849 )[421]
August 24 – Tom Norman , British freak showman (b. 1860 )[422]
August 26 – Lon Chaney , American actor (b. 1883 )[423]
August 29 – William Archibald Spooner , British scholar, Anglican priest (b. 1844 )[424]
September– October
Ruth Alexander
Alfred Wegener
September 1 – Peeter Põld , Estonian pedagogical scientist, politician (b. 1878 )[425]
September 10 – Aubrey Faulkner , South African cricketer (b. 1881 )[426]
September 18 – Ruth Alexander , pioneering American pilot (b. 1905 )[427]
September 20 – Gombojab Tsybikov , Russian explorer (b. 1873 )
September 28
October 4 – Olena Pchilka , Ukrainian writer, translator and publisher (b. 1849 )[429]
October 10 – Adolf Engler , German botanist (b. 1844 )[430]
October 15 – Herbert Henry Dow , Canadian-born chemical industrialist (b. 1866 )[431]
October 16 – James Surtees Phillpotts , English writer and educator (b. 1839 )[432]
October 20 – Valeriano Weyler, 1st Duke of Rubí , Spanish general (b. 1838 ) [433]
October 26 – Harry Payne Whitney , American horse breeder and businessman (b. 1872 )[434]
October 27 – Ellen Hayes , American mathematician and astronomer (b. 1851 )[435]
October 28 – Mary Harrison McKee , de facto First Lady of the United States (b. 1858 )[436]
October 30 – Sakichi Toyoda , Japanese inventor, industrialist (b. 1867 )[437]
November – December
Luigi Facta
Mary Harris Jones (Mother Jones )
Vintilă Brătianu
Florbela Espanca
November – Alfred Wegener , German geophysicist, meteorologist (b. 1880 )[438]
November 3 – Nikolai Alexandrov , Soviet actor and director (b. 1870 )[439]
November 4 – Akiyama Yoshifuru , Japanese general (b. 1859 )[440]
November 5
November 8 – Alexander Bedward , Jamaican preacher (b. 1848 )[443]
November 9 – Tasker H. Bliss , American general (b. 1853 )[444]
November 20 – Sir Neville Howse , Australian politician and recipient of the Victoria Cross (b. 1863 )[445]
November 21 – Clelia Merloni , Italian nun and founder of the Apostles of the Sacred Heart of Jesus[446]
November 26 – Sir Ponnambalam Ramanathan , Sinhalese lawyer and politician (b. 1851 )[447]
November 27
November 28 – Constantine VI , Turkish-born bishop, briefly Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (b. 1859 )[450]
November 30 – Mary Harris Jones , Irish-born American labor leader (b. 1837 )[451]
December 8 – Florbela Espanca , Portuguese poet (b. 1894 )[452]
December 9
December 12 – Nikolai Pokrovsky , Russian politician, last foreign minister of the Russian Empire (b. 1865 )[455]
December 13 – Fritz Pregl , Austrian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1869 )[456]
December 17 – Peter Warlock , British composer (b. 1894 )[457]
December 22 – Vintilă Brătianu , 31st Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1867 )[458]
December 25 – Eugen Goldstein , German physicist (b. 1850 )[459]
U.S. patent 1,745,175 Method and apparatus for controlling electric currents , first filed in Canada on October 22, 1925. Lee, Thomas H. (2004). The Design of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits (New ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 167ff. ISBN 9780521835398 .
United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (1959). NASA Technical Translation . National Aeronautics and Space Administration. p. 225.
New Scientist . Reed Business Information. December 11, 1980. p. 725.
Ghose, Sankar (1991). Mahatma Gandhi . New Delhi: Allied Publishers. p. 193. ISBN 9788170232056 .
Young, Robert (1996). France and the Origins of the Second World War . London: Macmillan Education, Limited. p. 174. ISBN 9781349248902 .
Grand, Alexander (1995). Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany: the "fascist" style of rule . New York: Routledge. p. xiv. ISBN 9780415105989 .
Donald Crafton; Charles Harpole (1997). The Talkies: American Cinema's Transition to Sound, 1926-1931 . Scribner. p. 474.
Decourcy, Elisa (2010). "Just a grain of salt?: Symbolic construction during the Indian nationalist movement". Melbourne Historical Journal . 38 : 57–72.
Schall, Carly (2016). The rise and fall of the miraculous welfare machine : immigration and social democracy in twentieth-century Sweden . Ithaca London: ILR Press, an imprint of Cornell University Press. p. 35. ISBN 9781501704086 .
Capoccia, Giovanni (2005). Defending Democracy: Reactions to Extremism in Interwar Europe . JHU Press.
Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History . London: Century Ltd. pp. 372–373. ISBN 978-0-7126-5616-0 .
Bangladesh, new vision . Department of Films & Publications, Ministry of Information, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. 1987. p. 7.
Elliott Colla (1999). "Counting the Years: Shādī 'Abd al-Salām's Words". Discourse . 21 (1). Wayne State University Press: 127–139. JSTOR 41389523 .
"Mort de Silvana Mangano La magicienne". Le Monde . December 18, 1989. p. 10.
"Neale Lavis" . Sport Australia Hall of Fame . Retrieved September 26, 2020 .
Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham; Henry Louis Gates, eds. (2008). The African American National Biography: Roman-Tzomes . Oxford University Press. p. 366.
Bennington, Geoffrey (1993). Jacques Derrida . The University of Chicago Press. p. 325. 1930 Birth of Jackie Derrida, July 15, in El-Biar (near Algiers, in a holiday house). .
O'Connor, J J, and E F Robertson, "Reinhard Selten" , www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk , November 2010. Retrieved 2016-09-03.
Johanna Tuckman (February 17, 2006). "Schafik Handal" . The Guardian . Retrieved June 4, 2020 .
"Martha Tynæs" . Norsk Biografisk Leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved May 5, 2017 .
Fishinger, Sondra. "Mary E. Wilkins Freeman, 1852–1930", in Past and Promise: Lives of New Jersey Women . Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1997: 139. ISBN 0-8156-0418-1
Vrajaprana, Pravrajika (1996). A portrait of Sister Christine . Calcutta: Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture. pp. 100–106. ISBN 978-8185843803 .
"Archduke Rainer of Austria Dead", New York Times (26 May 1930): 15.
Bodelsen, Merete (July 17, 2011). "Sophie Holten" (in Danish). Dansk Biographisk Leksikon. Retrieved June 3, 2017 .
Fukagawa, Hideki (1981). (陸海軍将官人事総覧 (陸軍篇)) Army and Navy General Personnel Directory (Army) . Tokyo: Fuyo Shobo. ISBN 4829500026 .
Hata, Ikuhiko (2005). (日本陸海軍総合事典) Japanese Army and Navy General Encyclopedia . Tokyo: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 4130301357 .
Touloumakos, Pantelis (2006). "Karolidis, Pavlos" . Encyclopaedia of the Hellenic World, Asia Minor. p. 3. Retrieved May 27, 2011 .