1758 (MDCCLVIII ) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar , the 1758th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 758th year of the 2nd millennium , the 58th year of the 18th century , and the 9th year of the 1750s decade. As of the start of 1758, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
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July 8 : French forces inside the British Province of New York resist British attack in the Battle of Carillon .
June 8 : The Siege of Louisbourg begins in Nova Scotia .
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1758 .
January– March
January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (Animalia ) of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae , the starting point of modern zoological nomenclature , introducing binomial nomenclature for animals to his established system of Linnaean taxonomy .[1] Among the first examples of his system of identifying an organism by genus and then species, Linnaeus identifies the lamprey with the name Petromyzon marinus .[2] He introduces the term Homo sapiens . (Date of January 1 assigned retrospectively.)[3]
January 20 – At Cap-Haïtien in Haiti , former slave turned rebel François Mackandal is executed by the French colonial government by being burned at the stake.[4]
January 22 – Russian troops under the command of William Fermor invade East Prussia and capture Königsberg with 34,000 soldiers; although the city is later abandoned by Russia after the Seven Years' War ends, the city again comes under Russian control in 1945 during World War II and is now named Kaliningrad .[5]
February 22 – A fleet of 158 British Royal Navy warships, under the command of Admiral Edward Boscawen , departs from Plymouth toward North America in an effort to conquer the French Canadian territories of New France . Many of the sailors die of nutritional deficiencies along the way, including the scurvy that kills 26 of the crew of HMS Pembroke , captained by future world explorer James Cook on his first long voyage.[6]
February 23 – Jonathan Edwards , the famed English theologian who had assumed the presidency of what is now Princeton University only a week earlier, sets an example for students and faculty by publicly receiving an inoculation against smallpox .[7] Unfortunately, the vaccine contains live smallpox; Edwards develops the disease and dies on March 22 at the age of 54.
March 16 – Members of the Comanche Nation loot and destroy the Spanish Mission Santa Cruz de San Sabá (near modern-day Menard, Texas ) and kill eight of the people there, including the mission leader, Father Alonso Giraldo de Terreros.[8]
Date unknown
Marquis Gabriel de Lernay, a French officer captured during the Seven Years' War, establishes a military lodge in Berlin, with the help of Baron de Printzen, master of The Three Globes Lodge at Berlin, and Philipp Samuel Rosa, a disgraced former pastor.
Okadaya (岡田屋), predecessor of AEON , a multiple retailer group , founded in Yokkaichi , Japan .[ citation needed ]
J. R. Geigy, predecessor of Novartis , a global pharmaceutical brand, founded in Basel , Switzerland .[ citation needed ]
January 6 – Charles Ganilh , French economist, politician (d. 1836 )
January 9 – George Leveson-Gower, 1st Duke of Sutherland (d. 1833 )
January 11 – François Louis Bourdon , French Revolutionary politician (d. 1797 )
January 17 – Marie Anne Simonis , Belgian textile industrialist (d. 1831 )
January 20 – Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze , French chemist (d. 1836 )
January 24 – Frederick Ponsonby, 3rd Earl of Bessborough (d. 1844 )
February 1
February 3
February 4 – George Thicknesse, 19th Baron Audley (d. 1818 )
February 10 – Amalia Holst , German writer, intellectual, and feminist (d. 1829 )
February 17 – John Pinkerton , British antiquarian (d. 1826 )
February 28 – Nicolas François, Count Mollien , French financier (d. 1850 )
March 9 – Franz Joseph Gall , German pioneering neuroanatomist (d. 1828 )
March 12 – Leopold Karel, Count of Limburg Stirum (d. 1840 )
March 15 – Magdalene Sophie Buchholm , Norwegian poet (d. 1826 )
April 4
April 16 – Christian Karl August Ludwig von Massenbach , Prussian soldier (d. 1827 )
April 22 – Francisco Javier Castaños, 1st Duke of Bailén , Spanish general (d. 1852 )
April 23
April 27 – Charles Dumont de Sainte-Croix , French zoologist (d. 1830 )
James Monroe
Maximilien Robespierre
May 6
May 8 – John Heath , U.S. Representative for Virginia (d. 1810 )
May 15 – Thomas Taylor , English neoplatonist translator (d. 1835 )
May 17
June 19 – Raffaello Sanzio Morghen , Italian engraver (d. 1833 )
June 29 – Clotilde Tambroni , Italian philologist , linguist (d. 1817 )
July 25 – Elizabeth Hamilton , English writer (d. 1816 )
July 31 – Rosalie de Constant [ fr ] , Swiss naturalist (d. 1834 )
July 31 – Jeremiah Colegrove , U.S. farmer, manufacturer and soldier (d. 1836 )
August 5 – Emperor Go-Momozono of Japan (d. 1779 )
August 14 – Carle Vernet , French painter (d. 1835 )
Thomas Picton
Christopher Gore
Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson
Noah Webster
October 16 – Noah Webster , U.S. lexicographer (d. 1843 )
October 22/6 – Vincenzo Dandolo , Italian chemist, agriculturist (d. 1819 )
October 28 – John Sibthorp , English botanist (d. 1796 )
October 28 – Joseph-François-Louis-Charles de Damas , French general (d. 1829 )
October 31 – Thomas Gisborne , Anglican priest, abolitionist (d. 1846 )
November 5 – Louis-Marie Aubert du Petit-Thouars , French botanist (d. 1831 )
November 11
November 16 – Peter Andreas Heiberg , Danish author, philologist (d. 1841 )
December 5 – George Beauclerk, 4th Duke of St Albans (d. 1787 )
December 9 – Richard Colt Hoare , English antiquarian, archaeologist (d. 1838 )
December 21 – Jean Baptiste Eblé , French general (d. 1812 )
Date unknown
Georges Antoine Chabot , French jurist, statesman (d. 1819 )
Nicholas Fish , U.S. Revolutionary soldier (d. 1833 )
Anthimos Gazis , Greek scholar, philosopher (d. 1828 )
Samuel Hardy , U.S. lawyer and statesman from Virginia (d. 1785 )
Jamphel Gyatso, 8th Dalai Lama of Tibet (d. 1804 )
Charles Lee , U.S. Attorney General (d. 1815 )
Samuel Sterett , American politician, U.S. Representative for Maryland (d. 1833 )
Marie-Claire Heureuse Félicité , Empress of Haiti (d. 1858 )
Jonathan Edwards
Marthanda Varma
July 7 – Marthanda Varma , Rani of Attingal (b. 1706 )
July 15 – Ambrosius Stub , Danish poet (b. 1705 )
July 18 – Duncan Campbell , Scottish soldier
August 2 – George Booth, 2nd Earl of Warrington , English noble (b. 1675 )
August 15 – Pierre Bouguer , French mathematician (b. 1698 )
August 17 – Stepan Fyodorovich Apraksin , Russian soldier (b. 1702 )
August 23 – Ulrika Eleonora von Düben , Swedish lady in waiting (b. 1722 )
August 27 – Barbara of Portugal , Princess of Portugal and Queen of Spain (b. 1711 )
September 5 – Dmitry Ivanovich Vinogradov , Russian chemist (b. c. 1720 )
September 23 – John FitzPatrick, 1st Earl of Upper Ossory (b. 1719 )
October 2 (bur.) – Philip Southcote , English landscape gardener (b. 1698 )
October 12 – Richard Molesworth, 3rd Viscount Molesworth , British field marshal (b. 1680 )
James Francis Edward Keith
October 14
October 20 – Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough , British politician (b. 1706 )
October 25 /8 – Theophilus Cibber , English actor (b. 1703 )
November 5 – Hans Egede , Norwegian Lutheran missionary (b. 1686 )
November 12 – John Cockburn , Scottish politician (b. c. 1679 )
November 20 – Johan Helmich Roman , Swedish composer (b. 1694 )
November 22 – Richard Edgcumbe, 1st Baron Edgcumbe , English politician (b. 1680 )
November 27 – Senesino , Italian singer (b. 1686 )
December 5 – Johann Friedrich Fasch , German composer (b. 1688 )
Françoise de Graffigny
Shelby T. McCloy, The Negro in the French West Indies (University Press of Kentucky, 2015) p40
Herbert J. Redman, Frederick the Great and the Seven Years’ War, 1756–1763 (McFarland, 2015) p191
Stephen Feinstein, Captain Cook: Great Explorer of the Pacific (Enslow Publishers, 2010) p28
"Edwards, Jonathan", by Douglas A. Sweeney, in Encyclopedia of Christianity in the United States (Rowman & Littlefield, 2016) p770
Donald E. Chipman and Harriet Denise Joseph, Explorers and Settlers of Spanish Texas (University of Texas Press, 2010)
Gordon Carruth, ed., The Encyclopedia of American Facts and Dates 3rd Edition (Thomas Y. Crowell, 1962) p72