The 1240s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1240, and ended on December 31, 1249.
1240
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1240.
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Europe
- May 24 – Duke Skule Bårdsson, claimant to the Norwegian throne, is defeated by King Haakon IV (the Old) and his supporters. He seeks refuge in Elgeseter Priory in Trondheim, and Haakon burns down the monastery, in which Skule is burned alive. Haakon becomes the undisputed ruler; this ends the civil war era in Norway, after 110 years.
- July 15 – Battle of the Neva: A Swedish army under Bishop Thomas sails up the Gulf of Finland in their longboats. They proceed into the Neva River with the aim of seizing control over Lake Ladoga and from there, striking at the city of Novgorod. Prince Alexander rallies his druzhina comparable to the 'household' of western European countries, and decisively routs the Swedish forces, saving the Novgorod Republic from a full-scale enemy invasion from the North. As a result, Alexander wins his first military victory at the age of 19 and receives the title of Nevsky.[1]
- August – Siege of Faenza: Frederick II lays siege to the town of Faenza during the war of the Guelphs and Ghibellines. Meanwhile, Frederick makes an alliance with Pisa to support his campaign against the Papal States.
- Winter – Alexander Nevsky quarrels with the Kievan nobles (boyars) and merchants of Novgorod, probably about peaceful trade with the westerners. He is banished, along with his mother, wife, and his druzhina to take up residence in the region around Moscow, a minor town on the western border of the Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal.[2]
- Reconquista: King Sancho II (the Pious) conquers the city of Ayamonte from the Almoravids, securing the Portuguese position in Al-Andalus.[3]
Levant
- October 10 – Richard of Cornwall, brother of King Henry III, arrives at Acre for a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. His pilgrimage has the approval of Emperor Frederick II, who is married to his younger sister, Isabella of England, and gives him the task to make arrangements with the Military Orders. On his arrival, Richard travels to Ascalon, where he is met by ambassadors from As-Salih Ayyub. As a negotiator, he is successful in the release of prisoners captured at Gaza (see 1239), and he also assists with the building of the citadel in Ascalon.[5]
Mongol Empire
- Winter – The Mongols under Batu Khan cross the frozen Dnieper River and lay siege to the city of Kiev. On December 6, the walls are rendered rubble by Chinese catapults and the Mongols pour into the city. Brutal hand-to-hand street fighting occurs, the Kievans are eventually forced to fall back to the central parts of the city. Many people take refuge in the Church of the Blessed Virgin. As scores of terrified Kievans climb onto the Church's upper balcony to shield themselves from Mongol arrows, their collective weight strain its infrastructure, causing the roof to collapse and crush countless citizens under its weight. Of a total population of 50,000, all but 2,000 are massacred.[6]
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Fibonacci. Fibonacci sequence and Liber Abbaci
1240
- May 2 – Du Zong (or Zhao Qi), Chinese emperor (d. 1274)
- September 29 – Margaret, queen of Scotland (d. 1275)
- Abraham Abulafia, Moorish Jewish philosopher (d. 1292)
- Afonso Mendes de Melo, Portuguese nobleman (d. 1280)
- Agostino Novello, Italian priest and prior general (d. 1309)
- Albert II (the Degenerate), German nobleman (d. 1314)
- Andrea dei Conti, Italian nobleman and priest (d. 1302)
- Arnaldus de Villa Nova, Spanish physician (d. 1311)
- Balian of Ibelin, Cypriot nobleman and knight (d. 1302)
- Beka I Jaqeli, Georgian prince (mtavari) (d. 1306)
- Benedict XI, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1304)
- Conrad I, German nobleman and regent (d. 1304)
- Conrad of Lichtenberg, German bishop (d. 1299)
- Daumantas of Pskov, Lithuanian prince (d. 1299)
- Frederick III, German nobleman and knight (d. 1302)
- Giovanni Pelingotto, Italian hermit and monk (d. 1304)
- Henry VI, count of Luxembourg and Arlon (d. 1288)
- Jean d'Eppe, French nobleman and knight (d. 1293)
- Magnus III (Birgersson), king of Sweden (d. 1290)
- Peter III, king of Aragon and Valencia (d. 1285)
- Siger of Brabant, French philosopher (d. 1284)
- Simon VI, English nobleman and knight (d. 1271)
- Simone Ballachi, Italian monk and friar (d. 1319)
1241
1242
- January 27 – Margaret of Hungary, Hungarian nun (d. 1270)
- March 17 – Maud de Prendergast, Irish noblewoman (d. 1272)
- June 25 – Beatrice of England, English princess (d. 1275)
- July 24 – Christina von Stommeln, German mystic (d. 1312)
- December 15 – Munetaka, Japanese shogun (d. 1274)
- Al-Ashraf Umar II, Arab ruler and astronomer (d. 1296)
- Beatrice of Castile, queen consort of Portugal (d. 1303)
- Beatrice of Navarre, duchess of Burgundy (d. 1295)
- George Pachymeres, Byzantine historian (d. 1310)
- Hōjō Tokimura, Japanese nobleman (rensho) (d. 1305)
- Patrick IV (de Dunbar), Scottish nobleman (d. 1308)
- Stephen I Kotromanić, Bosnian nobleman (d. 1314)
- Theobald Butler, Norman chief governor (d. 1285)
- Theodoric of Landsberg, German nobleman (d. 1285)
- William I, German nobleman and archbishop (d. 1308)
- William de Leybourne, English nobleman (d. 1310)
1243
- May 31 – James II, Aragonese ruler of Majorca (d. 1311)
- June 6 – Alix of Brittany, Breton noblewoman (d. 1288)
- June 28 – Go-Fukakusa, emperor of Japan (d. 1304)
- September 2
- Alfonso Fernández el Niño, Spanish nobleman (d. 1281)
- An Hyang (or Ahn Yu), Korean Confucian scholar (d. 1306)
- Augustinus Triumphus, Italian hermit and writer (d. 1328)
- Awaji Nichiken, Japanese Buddhist monk (d. 1338)
- Giles of Rome, Italian friar and archbishop (d. 1316)
- John I of Chalon-Auxerre, French nobleman (d. 1309)
- Riccoldo da Monte di Croce, Italian missionary (d. 1320)
- Roger Bernard III, French nobleman and poet (d. 1302)
- Zhenjin (or Chingkim), Mongolian prince (d. 1286)
1244
- June 24 – Henry I of Hesse, German nobleman (d. 1308)
- June 25 – Ibn al-Fuwati, Arab historian and writer (d. 1323)
- Agnes Blannbekin, Austrian Beguine and mystic (d. 1315)
- Dai Biaoyuan, Chinese litterateur, poet and writer (d. 1310)
- Elizabeth the Cuman, queen consort of Hungary (d. 1290)
- Folquet de Lunel, French troubadour and writer (d. 1300)
- Guy de Montfort, English nobleman and knight (d. 1291)
- Heinrich II of Virneburg, archbishop of Cologne (d. 1332)
- Henry I (the Fat), king of Navarre (House of Blois) (d. 1274)
- Hong Dagu (or Charghu), Korean military leader (d. 1291)
- Ingeborg Eriksdotter, queen consort of Norway (d. 1287)
- John III of Prague, margrave of Brandenburg (d. 1268)
- Louis of France, French nobleman and regent (d. 1260)
- Margaret of Antioch, Outremer noblewoman (d. 1308)
- Otto III (or IV), German nobleman and knight (d. 1285)
1245
- January 16 – Edmund Crouchback, son of Henry III (d. 1296)
- May 1 – Philip III (the Bold), king of France (d. 1285)
- November 14 – Sang Sapurba, Indonesian ruler (d. 1316)
- Antony Bek (or Beck), English bishop and patriarch (d. 1311)
- Araniko (or Anige), Nepalese architect and painter (d. 1306)
- Eric of Brandenburg, archbishop of Magdeburg (d. 1295)
- Fujiwara no Saneko, Japanese empress consort (d. 1272)
- Giovanna da Signa, Italian miracle worker and saint (d. 1307)
- Kikuchi Takefusa, Japanese nobleman and samurai (d. 1285)
- Kunigunda of Halych, queen consort of Bohemia (d. 1285)
- Ma Duanlin, Chinese encyclopaedist and politician (d. 1322)
- Nichirō, Japanese Buddhist disciple and scholar (d. 1320)
- Rinaldo da Concorezzo, Italian priest and archbishop (d. 1321)
- Roger Bigod, English nobleman and Lord Marshal (d. 1306)
- Thomas de Berkeley (the Wise), English nobleman (d. 1321)
- Yahballaha III, patriarch of the Church of the East (d. 1317)
- Ziemomysł of Kuyavia, Polish ruler of Bydgoszcz (d. 1287)
1246
- March 8 – Nikkō Shōnin, Japanese religious leader (d. 1333)
- March 24 – Henry Bate of Mechelen, Brabantian philosopher
- September 14 – John FitzAlan, English nobleman (d. 1272)
- Angelo da Furci, Italian priest, orator and theologian (d. 1327)
- Drakpa Odzer, Tibetan Imperial Preceptor (Dishi) (d. 1303)
- Enrique Enríquez (the Elder), Castilian nobleman (d. 1323)
- Hugh of Lincoln (Little Saint), English Jewish boy (d. 1255)
- Jutta of Denmark (or Judith), Danish princess and abbess
- Konoe Motohira, Japanese nobleman and regent (d. 1268)
- Nicholas of Tolentino, Italian monk, friar and mystic (d. 1305)
- Paolo Malatesta, Italian nobleman and diplomat (d. 1285)
- Riccobaldo of Ferrara, Italian chronicler and geographer
- Safi al-Din al-Hindi, Indian scholar and theologian (d. 1315)
- Takezaki Suenaga, Japanese retainer and samurai (d. 1314)
- Teodosije the Hilandarian, Serbian hagiographer (d. 1328)
1247
- Angelo da Clareno, Italian priest and religious leader (d. 1337)
- Isabelle of Luxembourg, countess of Flanders (d. 1298)
- John II Avesnes, count of Hainaut and Holland (d. 1304)
- John of Montecorvino, Italian diplomat and bishop (d. 1328)
- Philippe de Rémi, French official and seneschal (d. 1296)
- Rashid al-Din, Persian statesman and historian (d. 1318)
- Robert FitzWalter, English nobleman and knight (d. 1326)
- Todros ben Judah Halevi Abulafia, Castilian Jewish poet
- Yishan Yining, Chinese monk and calligrapher (d. 1317)
- Yolande II of Nevers, French noblewoman (d. 1280)
1248
- July 21 – Bogo de Clare, English cleric and writer (d. 1294)
- December 22 – Ichijō Ietsune, Japanese nobleman (d. 1293)
- Abu Said Faraj, Andalusian advisor and governor (d. 1320)
- Angela of Foligno, Italian nun, mystic and writer (d. 1309)
- Blanche of Artois, queen and regent of Navarre (d. 1302)
- Gao Kegong (or Fang Shan), Chinese painter (d. 1310)
- Hōjō Akitoki, Japanese military leader and poet (d. 1301)
- Isabella of Aragon, queen consort of France (d. 1271)
- Kujō Tadanori, Japanese nobleman and regent (d. 1332)
- Peter John Olivi, French monk and theologian (d. 1298)
- Yeshe Rinchen, Tibetan Imperial Preceptor (d. 1294)
- Zaynab bint al-Kamal, Syrian female scholar (d. 1339)
1249
- July 9 – Kameyama, emperor of Japan (d. 1305)
- September 4 – Amadeus V, count of Savoy (d. 1323)
- December 26 – Edmund, English nobleman (d. 1300)
- Constance II of Sicily, queen consort of Aragon (d. 1302)
- Frederick I, margrave of Baden and Verona (d. 1268)
- Gaucher V de Châtillon, French nobleman (d. 1329)
- Humphrey VI de Bohun, English nobleman (d. 1298)
- John XXII, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1334)[81]
- Menachem Meiri, Catalan rabbi and writer (d. 1315)
- Richard of Middleton, Norman theologian (d. 1308)
- Robert III, Flemish nobleman and knight (d. 1322)
- Wu Cheng, Chinese philosopher and poet (d. 1333)
- Zhu Shijie (or Hanqing), Chinese mathematician
1240
- January 23 – Albert of Pisa, Italian Franciscan friar
- February 24 – Egidia de Lacy, Norman noblewoman
- March 6 – Sylvester of Assisi, Italian priest (b. 1175)
- April 11 – Llywelyn the Great, king of Gwynedd
- May 24 – Skule Bårdsson, Norwegian nobleman
- May 27 – William de Warenne, English nobleman
- July 22 – John de Lacy, English nobleman (b.1192)
- July 24 – Conrad of Thuringia, German Grand Master
- August 14 – Ludmilla of Bohemia, duchess of Bavaria
- August 31 – Raymond Nonnatus, Spanish cardinal
- October 13 – Malik Altunia, Indian governor and ruler
- November 16
- December 6 – Constance, queen of Bohemia (b. 1180)
- Alan of Beccles, English clergyman and secretary (b. 1195)
- Alexander of Villedieu, French teacher and poet (b. 1175)
- Anastasia of Greater Poland, Polish noblewoman (b. 1164)
- Branca of Portugal, Portuguese princess (infanta) (b. 1198)
- Caesarius of Heisterbach, German hagiographer (b. 1180)
- Conrad of Lichtenau, German nobleman and chronicler
- Fujiwara no Hideyoshi, Japanese waka poet (b. 1184)
- Germanus II (Nauplius), patriarch of Constantinople
- Guilhabert de Castres, French bishop and theologian
- Hartmann I, German nobleman and knight (b. 1160)
- Hōjō Tokifusa, Japanese nobleman and regent (b. 1175)
- John FitzRobert, English nobleman and knight (b. 1190)
- Tbeli Abuserisdze, Georgian scholar and writer (b. 1190)
- Thomas Moulton, English nobleman and knight
1241
- March 17 – Köten, Cuman chieftain[82]
- March 28 – Valdemar II of Denmark (b. 1170)[83][84]
- March 31 – Pousa, voivode of Transylvania[85][86]
- April 9 – Duke Henry II of Poland[87][88][89]
- April 11 (killed in the Battle of Mohi):
- Andrew, son of Serafin, judge royal[90]
- Izsép Bő, Hungarian nobleman[91]
- Ugrin Csák, Archbishop of Kalocsa (b. c. 1190)[92]
- Gregory, Bishop of Győr[92]
- Nicholas I Gutkeled, ban of Slavonia[90]
- James, Bishop of Nyitra[92]
- Dominic I Rátót, master of the treasury[90]
- Matthias Rátót, archbishop of Esztergom (b. c. 1206)[92]
- Raynald of Belleville, bishop of Transylvania[92]
- Denis Tomaj, palatine of Hungary[90]
- June 24 – Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria[93][94]
- August 10 – Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany (b. c. 1184), princess long gently imprisoned in England[95][96]
- August 22 – Pope Gregory IX[97][98]
- September 20 – Conrad II of Salzwedel, German nobleman and bishop[99]
- September 23 – Snorri Sturluson, Icelandic historian, poet and politician (b. 1178)[20][21]
- September 26 – Fujiwara no Teika, Japanese poet[100][101]
- November 10 – Pope Celestine IV[102][103]
- December 1 – Isabella of England, Holy Roman empress, spouse of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1214)[104][105]
- Bernardo di Quintavalle, Italian follower of St. Francis of Assisi[106]
- Mary, Countess of Blois (b. 1200)[107]
- Nicholas Szák, Hungarian nobleman[90]
- Buzád Hahót, Hungarian nobleman and Christian martyr[108]
- Coloman of Galicia, Hungarian royalty, Prince (then King) of Halych, Duke of Slavonia (b. 1208)[109]
- Ögedei Khan, 2nd Khagan of the Mongol Empire and successor to Genghis Khan (b. c. 1185)[110][111]
- Baba Ishak, charismatic Turkman preacher (b. c. 1239)[112][113]
1242
- February 10
- February 12 – Henry VII, king of Germany (b. 1211)
- March 26 – William de Forz, English nobleman (b. 1190)
- March 28 – Theoderich von Wied, German archbishop
- April 22 – Abubakar ibn Gussom, Arab poet (b. 1168)
- May 13 – Gerard of Villamagna, Italian hermit (b. 1174)
- May 15 – Muiz ud-Din Bahram, Indian ruler (b. 1212)
- June 26 – Thomas de Beaumont, English nobleman
- July 1 – Chagatai Khan, son of Genghis Khan (b. 1183)
- July 14 – Hōjō Yasutoki, Japanese regent (b. 1183)
- October 7 – Juntoku, emperor of Japan (b. 1197)
- November 12 – Jocelin of Wells, English bishop
- November 20 – Narchat, Moksha queen (b. 1216)
- December 2 – Al-Mustansir, Abbasid caliph (b. 1192)
- December 9 – Richard le Gras, English abbot and bishop
- December 26 – Hugh de Lacy, Norman nobleman (b. 1176)
- Aimeric de Belenoi, French cleric, troubadour and writer
- Archambaud VIII (the Great), French nobleman (b. 1189)
- Ceslaus, Polish nobleman, jurist and missionary (b. 1184)
- Da'ud Abu al-Fadl, Ayyubid Jewish physician (b. 1161)
- Enguerrand III, French nobleman and knight (b. 1182)
- Muhammad Aufi, Persian historian and writer (b. 1171)
- Nuño Sánchez, Spanish nobleman and knight (b. 1185)
- Ogasawara Nagakiyo, Japanese samurai (b. 1162)
- Richard de Morins, English archdeacon and jurist
- Richard Mór de Burgh, Norman nobleman (b. 1194)
- Sasaki Yoshikiyo, Japanese nobleman (b. 1161)
1243
- January 17 – Herman V, German nobleman (b. 1180)
- January 19 – Konoe Iezane, Japanese nobleman (b. 1179)
- February 20 – Romano Bonaventura, Italian cardinal
- March 10 – Cyril III, patriarch of Alexandria (b. 1175)
- April 25 – Boniface of Valperga, Italian monk and bishop
- May 3 – Hawise of Chester, English noblewoman (b. 1180)
- May 4 – Hubert de Burgh, English Chief Justiciar (b. 1170)
- May 7 – Hugh d'Aubigny, English nobleman and knight
- June 4 – Constance, margravine of Meissen (b. 1212)
- June 26 – Dardin Shervashidze, Georgian nobleman
- August 16 – Stepan Tverdislavich, Russian posadnik
- October 15 – Hedwig of Silesia, Polish duchess (b. 1174)
- October 26 – Bernat Calbó (or Calvó), Catalan bishop
- Ermengol IX, Catalan nobleman and child ruler (b. 1235)
- Fujiwara no Reishi, Japanese empress consort (b. 1185)
- Haymo of Faversham, English priest and philosopher
- Indravarman II, Cambodian ruler of the Khmer Empire
- Maol Eoin Ó Crechain, Irish priest and archdeacon
- Margaret of Burgundy, countess of Savoy (b. 1192)
- Umm Assa'd bint Isam al-Himyari, Arab female poet
1244
- March 1 – Gruffud ap Llywelyn, Welsh nobleman (b. 1196)
- March 19 – Isnardo da Chiampo, Italian preacher and priest
- April 2 – Henrik Harpestræng, Danish physician and writer
- September 3 – Guala de Roniis, bishop of Brescia (b. 1180)
- October 24 – William Briwere, English bishop and diplomat
- November 18 – Ibn Abi'l-Dam, Syrian historian (b. 1187)
- December 5 – Joan, countess of Flanders and Hainaut
- Alexander de Stirling, Scottish nobleman and knight
- Baldwin III, Flemish nobleman and knight (b. 1198)
- Bouchard IV of Avesnes, French nobleman and knight
- Eleanor of Castile, queen consort of Aragon (b. 1200)
- James of Pecorara, Italian monk, cardinal and diplomat
- John Komnenos (Doukas), emperor of Thessalonica
- Manfred III of Saluzzo, Italian nobleman and knight
- Meir Abulafia (or Ramah), Castilian rabbi and writer
- Minamoto no Mitsuyuki, Japanese politician (b. 1163)
- Ralph de Neville, English archbishop and politician
- Robert of Strathearn, Scottish nobleman and knight
- Saionji Kintsune, Japanese poet and writer (b. 1171)
- Sophia of Saxony, German noblewoman and abbess
- Yelü Chucai, Chinese advisor and statesman (b. 1190)
1245
- January 27 – Ralph of Maidstone, bishop of Hereford
- January 28 – Giovanni Colonna, Italian cardinal (b. 1170)
- February 8 – John of la Rochelle, French theologian (b. 1200)
- February 15 – Baldwin de Redvers, English nobleman (b. 1217)
- March 22 – Roger I of Fézensaguet, French nobleman (b. 1190)
- July 22 – Kolbeinn ungi Arnórsson, Icelandic chieftain (b. 1208)
- August 19 – Ramon Berenguer IV, Spanish nobleman (b. 1198)
- August 21 – Alexander of Hales, English theologian (b. 1185)
- November 27 – Walter Marshal, English nobleman (b. 1209)
- December 4 – Christian of Oliva, bishop of Prussia (b. 1180)
- Adam of Harcarse, Scottish Cistercian priest and abbot
- Beatrice d'Este, queen consort of Hungary (b. 1215)
- Cletus Bél, Hungarian prelate, bishop and chancellor
- Diya al-Din al-Maqdisi, Syrian scholar and writer (b. 1173)
- Fujiwara no Tadataka, Japanese regent and monk (b. 1163)
- Guillaume le Vinier, French composer and poet (b. 1190)
- Ibn al-Salah, Syrian scholar, imam and writer (b. 1181)
- Isabel de Bolebec, English noblewoman and co-heiress
- Rusudan of Georgia, queen consort of Georgia (b. 1194)
1246
- February 25 – Dafydd ap Llywelyn, Welsh prince (b. 1212)
- April 15 – Peter González (Telmo), Castilian priest (b 1190)
- May 19 – Umiliana de' Cerchi, Italian noblewoman (b. 1219)
- June 4 – Isabella of Angoulême, queen consort of England
- June 15 – Frederick II, duke of Austria and Styria (b. 1211)
- June 16 – Lutgardis (or Lutgarde), Flemish nun (b. 1182)
- June 28 – Al-Mansur Ibrahim, Ayyubid governor and ruler
- September 20 – Michael of Chernigov, Kievan Grand Prince
- September 30 – Yaroslav II, Kievan Grand Prince (b. 1191)
- October 22 – Mieszko II (the Fat), duke of Kalisz-Wieluń
- November 3 – Robert de Bingham, bishop of Salisbury
- November 8 – Berengaria (the Great), queen of Castile
- Alice of Champagne, queen consort of Cyprus (b. 1193)
- Ednyfed Fychan, Welsh nobleman and knight (b. 1170)
- Elias of Dereham, English master stonemason designer
- Erard of Brienne-Ramerupt, French nobleman (b. 1170)
- Eva Marshal, Cambro-Norman noblewoman (b. 1203)
- Geoffrey II of Villehardouin, prince of Achaea (b. 1195)
- Henry Audley (or Aldithel), English nobleman (b. 1175)
- Hōjō Tsunetoki, Japanese nobleman and regent (b. 1224)
- Kaliman Asen I, ruler of the Bulgarian Empire (b. 1234)
- Kaykhusraw II, ruler of the Sultanate of Rum (b. 1221)
- Matteo Rosso Orsini, Italian nobleman and politician
- Muhammad Al-Makki, Arab ruler and explorer (b. 1145)
- Richard FitzRoy, illegitimate son of John (Lackland)
- Tello Téllez de Meneses, bishop of Palencia (b. 1170)
- Temüge (or Otgon), brother of Genghis Khan (b. 1168)
- Theodora Angelina, Byzantine noblewoman (b. 1190)
- Walter IV (the Great), French nobleman and knight
- Walter Stewart, Scottish politician and High Steward
- Wansong Xingxiu, Chinese Buddhist monk (b. 1166)
1247
- February 12 – Ermesinde, countess of Luxembourg (b. 1186)
- February 16 – Henry Raspe, landgrave of Thuringia (b. 1204)
- February 25 – Henry IV, duke of Limburg (House of Limburg)
- May 9 – Richard de Bures, French knight and Grand Master
- June 10 – Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada, Spanish bishop (b. 1170)
- July 8 – Mōri Suemitsu, Japanese nobleman and samurai (b. 1202)
- August 31 – Konrad I of Masovia, Polish nobleman (House of Piast)
- November 5 – Ogasawara Nagatsune, Japanese samurai (b. 1179)
- December 21 – Roger of Salisbury, bishop of Bath and Wells
- December 24 – Shōkū, Japanese Buddhist disciple (b. 1177)
- unknown date – Śārṅgadeva, Indian scholar, musicologist and writer (b. 1175)[114]
- probable – William de Ferrers, 4th Earl of Derby, English nobleman and knight (b. 1168)[115]
1248
- January 4 – Sancho II (the Pious), king of Portugal (b. 1209)
- January 18 – Fujiwara no Ritsushi, Japanese empress (b. 1192)
- February 1 – Henry II, Dutch nobleman and knight (b. 1207)
- February 9 – Al-Adil II, Ayyubid ruler of Egypt and Damascus
- February 18 – Taddeo da Suessa, Italian jurist and diplomat
- February 25 – Bolesław I of Masovia, Polish prince (b. 1208)
- March 27 – Maud Marshal, English noblewoman (b. 1192)
- April 9 – Hugh I of Châtillon, French nobleman and knight
- April 20 – Güyük Khan (or Kuyuk), Mongol emperor (b. 1206)
- June 19 – Otto III of Merania, French nobleman and knight
- August 7 – Giordano Forzatè, Italian religious leader (b. 1158)
- September 13 – Kunigunde, Bohemian queen consort (b. 1202)
- December 26 – Theobald Butler, Irish chief governor (b. 1224)
- Al-Qifti, Egyptian scholar, historian and biographer (b. 1172)
- Haraldr Óláfsson, Scottish ruler of the Kingdom of the Isles
- Hermann von Buxhövden, Livonian prince-bishop (b. 1163)
- Ibn al-Baitar, Andalusian physician and scientist (b. 1197)
- John Blund, English archbishop and philosopher (b. 1175)
- John of Monmouth, Norman nobleman and knight (b. 1182)
- Koga Michiteru, Japanese nobleman and poet (b. 1187)
- Richard Fishacre, English theologian and writer (b. 1200)
- Richard Siward, English adventurer and knight banneret
- Shams Tabrizi, Persian poet and philosopher (b. 1185)
- Subutai, Mongol general and military strategist (b. 1175)
- Walter Mauclerc, English bishop, diplomat and Treasurer
- Yolande of Dreux, duchess consort of Burgundy (b. 1212)
1249
- January 15 – Archambaud IX, French nobleman
- March 9 – Siegfried III, archbishop of Mainz (b. 1194)
- April 16 – Contardo of Este, Italian nobleman (b. 1216)
- June 28 – Adolf I of the Mark, German nobleman
- July 6 – Alexander II, king of Scotland (b. 1198)
- July 19 – Jacopo Tiepolo, doge of Venice (b. 1169)
- August 31 – Rodrigo Díaz, Spanish prelate and bishop
- September 27 – Raymond VII, French nobleman (b. 1197)
- October 5 – Abu Zakariya Yahya, Hafsid ruler (b. 1203)
- November 22
- December 10 – Choe U, Korean military leader (b. 1166)
- December 18 – Conrad II of Reifenberg, German bishop
- Dōjonyūdō, Japanese nobleman and waka poet (b. 1196)
- Hugh X of Lusignan, French nobleman and knight (b. 1183)
- John I of Montfort, Breton nobleman and knight (b. 1228)
- Pietro della Vigna, Italian chancellor and diplomat (d. 1190)
- Robert I (the Chaplain), Scoto-Norman priest and bishop
- Song Ci, Chinese physician, judge and scientist (b. 1186)
- William of Auvergne, French bishop and writer (b. 1180)
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