Usuari:Martorell/Llista de sistemes operatius
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Els sistemes operatius (S.O.) es classifiquen pel tipus de tecnologia (Unix i d'altres com Windows), per la propietat i llicència d'ús (propietari o codi obert), estat de desenvolupament (històrics com DOS, OS/2, etc. o actius com GNU/Linux i Windows), tipus d'aplicació (GNU/Linux, i Windows, són d'aplicació general, per exemple), d'ordinador personal (DOS, Apple), exclusivament mainframe (AIX), funcionament exclusivament en temps real o de sistema integrat (QNX), si és per a un PDA, quin propòsit té (producció, recerca, oci, etc.). Evidentment, aquesta classificació pot ser transversal.
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Sistemes operatius primerencs i històricament importants
- CTSS (Compatible TimeShare System, desenvolupat per l'Institut Tecnològic de Massachusetts per Corbato, et al)
- Incompatible Timesharing System (Incompatible Timeshare System, desenvolupat per l'Institut Tecnològic de Massachusetts per a una computadora DEC 10 / 20 mainframes)
- Sistema operatiu THE (desenvolupat perDijkstra i altres col·laboradors)
- Multics (projecte comú de desenvolupament d'un SO per part de Bell Labs, GE, i l'Institut Tecnològic de Massachusetts)
- Master programme desenvolupat per Leo Computers, Leo III el 1962.
SO propietaris primerencs per a microordinadors
- Apple Computer (la versió inicial fou un firmware ROM'd juntament amb Integer BASIC; les versions més tardanes hi inclogueren Microsoft BASIC)
- Business Operating System (BOS) - de plataforma independent, i basat en un intèrpret d'ordres.
- Commodore PET, Commodore 64, i Commodore VIC-20,
- La primera i genuïna IBM-PC (s'oferia 3 SO per a arrencar, UCSD p-System, CPM-86, PC-DOS)
- Sinclair BASIC i QL, etc
- TRS-DOS, ROM OS (amb una ampla implementació de Microsoft BASIC, i extensions del sistema de fitxers)
- TI99-4
- Flex (per Technical Systems Consultants per a microordinadors basats en Motorola 6800: SWTPC, Tano, Smoke Signal Broadcasting, Gimix, etc.)
- FLEX9 (per TSC per a microprocessadors basats en Motorola 6809)
- mini-FLEX (per TSC per a discs de 5.25" en màquines basades en 6800)
Propietari
Acorn Computers Ltd
- Arthur
- ARX
- RISC OS
- RISCiX
Amiga
Atari ST
- TOS
- MultiTOS
- MiNT
Apple/Macintosh
Be Incorporated
- BeOS
- BeIA
- Zeta
DEC/Compaq/Hewlett-Packard
- AIS
- OS/8
- ITS (per al PDP-6 i PDP-10)
- TOPS-10 (per al PDP-10)
- WAITS
- TENEX (del BBN)
- TOPS-20 (per al PDP-10)
- RSTS/E (funcionava en diverses màquines, començant pels PDP-11)
- RSX-11 (SO multiusuari i multitasca per als PDP-11)
- RT-11 (SO monousuario per al PDP-11)
- VMS (per DEC per a la mini-computadora VAX; més tard es denominaria OpenVMS)
IBM
- PC-DOS (original i indistingible del Microsoft MS-DOS)
- OS/2 (també MS-OS/2)
- Basic Operating System (el primer sistema lliurat per al System 360, com a interí)
- TOS
- OS/360 (primer SO planificat per a l'arquitectura System 360)
- DOS/360
- DOS/VSE
- z/VSE (darrera versió de la gamma VSE)
- VM/CMS
- z/VM (darrera versió de la gamma VM)
- MFT (tardanament es denominaria OV/VS1)
- MVT (tardanament es denominaria OV/VS2)
- SVS
- MVS (darrera variant de MVT)
- TPF
- OS/390
- z/OS, Unix-like, (darrera versió del SO per al mainframe d'IBM)
- OS/400
- AIX (una versió d'Unix)
- ALCS
- IBSYS
- DPPX
- K42
ICT/ICL
- GEORGE
- VME
- DME
- TME
Microsoft
- Xenix (versió d'Unix; llicenciada a SCO el 1987)
- MSX-DOS (desenvolupat per MS Japan per a l'ordinador de 8 bits MSX)
- MS-DOS (desenvolupat conjuntament amb IBM, versions 1.0-6.22)
- Windows CE (SO per a ordinadors de mà, dispositius integrats, i aplicacions en temps real)
- Windows CE 3.0
- Windows Mobile (basat en Windows CE)
- Windows CE 5.0
- Windows CE 6.0
- Windows Mobile 5.0
- Windows Mobile 6
- Windows Mobile 6.1
- Windows basats en DOS
- Windows 1.0
- Windows 2.0
- Windows 3.0 (la primera versió que va tenir un impacte comercial notable)
- Windows 3.1
- Windows 3.11 per a grups de treball
- Windows 3.2 (edició exclusivament xinesa)
- Família Windows 9x
- Windows 95 (tcc Windows 4.0) (Nom en clau: Xicago)
- Windows 98 (tcc Windows 4.1) (Nom en clau: Memphis) n'hi hagué una altra 98 Second Edition
- Windows Millennium Edition (normalment abreujat a Windows Me) (tcc Windows 4.9)
- OS/2 (desenvolupat conjuntament amb IBM)
- Windows NT
- Windows NT 3.1
- Windows NT 3.5
- Windows NT 3.51
- Windows NT 4.0
- Windows 2000 (tcc Windows NT 5.0)
- Windows XP (tcc Windows NT 5.1) (Nom en clau: Whistler)
- Windows Server 2003 (aka Windows NT 5.2) (Nom en clau: Whistler Server)
- Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PC
- Windows Vista (tcc Windows NT 6.0) (Nom en clau: Longhorn)
- Windows Home Server
- Windows Server 2008 (tcc Windows NT 6.0) (Nom en clau: Longhorn Server)
- Windows 7 (Nom en clau: Blackcomb) (renombrado posteriorment com Vienna)
- Windows Preinstallation Environment (WinPE)
- Singularity
- Midori
- Windows 8
Sun Microsystems
Altres
- THEOS, THEOS Software Corporation
Altres sistemes propietaris de tipus Unix i POSIX
- Aegis/OS (Apollo Computers)
- Cromix (SO emulador d'Unix de Cromemco)
- Coherent (Unix-emulating OS from Mark Williams Co. for PC class computers)
- DNIX
- Digital UNIX (which became HP's Tru64)
- HP-UX from HP
- Idris workalike from Whitesmiths
- IRIX from SGI
- Mac OS X from Apple Computer
- NeXTSTEP
- OS-9 unix-like RTOS. (Unix emulating OS from Microware for Motorola 6809 based microcomputers)
- OS-9/68k (Unix emulating OS from Microware for Morotola 680x0 based computers; developed from OS-9)
- OS-9000 (portable Unix emulating OS from Microware; one implementation was for Intel x86)
- OSF/1
- OPENSTEP
- QNX (POSIX, microkernel OS; usually a real time embedded OS)
- Rhapsody
- RiscOS
- RMX
- SCO UNIX (from SCO, bought by Caldera who re-renamed themselves SCO)
- System V (a release of AT&T Unix, 'SVr4' was the 4th minor release)
- UNIflex (Unix emulating OS by TSC for DMA-capable, extended addresses, Mototola 6809 based computers; eg SWTPC, GIMIX, ...)
- Ultrix (DEC's first version of Unix for VAX, PDP-11, and MIPS architectures, based on BSD)
- UniCOS
- MUSIC/SP (an operating system developed for the S/370, running normally under VM)
No propietaris (estil Unix)
Investigació ([estil Unix) i altres sistemes que compleixen POSIX
- Minix (study OS developed by Andrew S. Tanenbaum in the Netherlands)
- UNIX (OS developed at Bell Labs ca 1970 initially by Ken Thompson)
- Amoeba (research OS by Andrew S. Tanenbaum)
- Plan 9 (networking OS developed at Bell Labs)
- Plan 9, Inferno (networked OS originally from Bell Labs Computer Research)
- Xinu, (Study OS developed by Douglas E. Comer in the EUA)
Codi obert (Estil Unix)
- BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution, a variant of Unix for DEC VAX hardware)
- FreeBSD (one of the outgrowths of UC Regents' abandonment of CSRG's 'BSD Unix')
- DragonFly BSD forked from FreeBSD
- NetBSD (one of the outgrowths of UC Regents' abandonment of CSRG's 'BSD Unix')
- OpenBSD forked from NetBSD
- FreeBSD (one of the outgrowths of UC Regents' abandonment of CSRG's 'BSD Unix')
- OpenSolaris
- Belenix
- marTux
- Nexenta OS
- Polaris
- SchilliX
- OpenSolaris for System z
- Indiana
- GNU/Linux
- GNU/Hurd
- SSS-PC Developed at Tokyo University
Sistemes operatius de disc
- QDOS (fou desenvolupat per Tim Paterson en l'empresa Seattle Computer Products per a les noves CPUs Intel 808X, també anomenat SCP-DOS; va ser llicenciat a Microsoft i es va convertir amb MS-DOS/PC-DOS)
- DR-DOS (Digital Research's [later Novell, Caldera, ..]
- FreeDOS (una versió open source de DOS)
Investigació no-UNIX
- Mach (from OS kernel research at CMU; see NeXTSTEP)
- Nemesis Cambridge University research OS - detailed quality of service abilities. http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/SRG/netos/old-projects/nemesis/
- TUNES, 1994
- V (operating system) from Stanford, early 1980s
- L4 Second generation microkernel
Genèrics, no-UNIX, i altres
- TripOS, 1978
- MorphOS (by Genesi)
- Control Program/Monitor (CP/M)
- CP/M-80 (CP/M for intel 8080/8085 and Zilog Z80 from Digital Research))
- CP/M-86 (CP/M for Intel 8088/86 from Digital Research)
- MP/M-80 (Multi programming version of CP/M-80 from Digital Research)
- MP/M-86 (Multi programming version of CP/M-86 from Digital Research)
- GEM (windowing GUI for CP/M and DOS)
- VisiOn (first GUI for early PC machines; not commercially successful)
- 4DOS (command-line user interface for DOS)
- DESQView (multi-tasking windowing user interface for DOS)
- DESQView/X (X-windowing GUI for DOS)
- GEOS (popular windowing GUI for PC, Commodore, Apple computers)
- 4NT (command-line user interface for Microsoft Windows)
- SkyOS (Commercial desktop OS for PCs)
- NetWare (networking OS by Novell)
- FLEX9 (by TSC for Motorola 6809 based machines; successor to FLEX, which was for Motorola 6800 CPUs)
- SSB-DOS (by TSC for Smoke Signal Broadcasting; a variant of FLEX in most respects)
- JavaOS
- UCSD p-System (portable complete programming environment/operating system/virtual machine developed by a long running student project at the Univ Calif/San Diego; directed by Prof Ken Bowles; written in Pascal)
- Oberon operating system/(developed at ETH-Zurich by Niklaus Wirth et al) for the Ceres and Chameleon workstation projects. see also Oberon programming language
- AOS, now called Bluebottle (a concurrent and active object update to the Oberon operating system)
- VME de International Computers Limited (ICL)
- Pick (often licensed and renamed)
- Primos de Prime Computer (sometimes spelled PR1MOS and PR1ME)
- BS1000 de Siemens AG
- BS2000 de Siemens AG
- BS3000 de Siemens AG (functionally similar to OS-IV and MSP from Fujitsu)
- VM2000 de Siemens AG
- OSD/XC de Fujitsu-Siemens (BS2000 ported to a emulation on a Sun SPARC platform)
- OS-IV de Fujitsu (based on early versions of IBM's MVS)
- MSP de Fujitsu (successor to OS-IV)
- nSystem de Luis Mateu at DCC, Universidad de Chile
Hobby OS
- AROS (Amiga Research Operating System)
- BlueIllusion OS
- Haiku (open source BeOS clone)
- ReactOS (Windows NT workalike)
- AtheOS became Syllable
- Syllable (a modern, powerful, independently originated OS)
- Menuet is an extremely compact OS written entirely in assembly language
- Tabos (a rescue/network/desktop system)
- LainOS (FreeBSD-based project that aims to become a next-generation operating system. Inspired by Lain's "Navi" GUI from Serial Experiments Lain)
- Panalix
- SECOS (SECure Operating System). Defunct operating system with high security focus.
- Trion Operating System
- NewOS
- Visopsys
- Unununium
Sistemes Integrats
- Embedded Linux
Ordinadors de butxaca
- Palm OS original de Palm Inc; actualment propietat de PalmSource
- EPOC (sistema operatiu) original de Psion (UK), ara pertany a Symbian, el nom preferit ara és Symbian OS
- Windows CE Windows Compact Edition, de Microsoft
- Pocket PC de Microsoft, una variant de Windows CE.
- Linux pels Sharp Zaurus i Ipaq
- iPad
Smartphones
- Windows CE
- Linux, MontaVista Linux al Motorola A760, E680
- Palm OS
- Symbian OS
- iOS
- Android
Encaminador
Microcontroladors, temps real
Interpretats
- Par-OS
- J98
- GWOS
- Swodniw
Sistemes operatius Web
- AmoebaOS
- DesktopTwo
- G.ho.st
- YouOS
- Browser OS
- EyeOS
- Jooce
- Glide OS 3.0
- Craythur
- Goowy
- Orca
- Purefect
- Joli OS
Sistemes operatius de ficció
Operating systems that have only appeared in fiction.
- Finux - A pun on the Finnish origins of Linux - appears in Cryptonomicon
- ALTIMIT OS - De .hack
- Hyper OS - De the movie Patlabor
- Wheatonix - April fool's joke.
- Digitronix - De The Hacker Files
- Luna/X - Google's April Fool's joke, 2004 [3]
- Copland OS - De Serial Experiments Lain Navi computer, which is also the codename of a never released Apple Computer OS (see Vaporware).
- LCARS- From television's Star Trek
- NNIX - an operating system for running programs in MMIX assembly language, which are both used as (fictional) illustrations in The Art of Computer Programming.
Referències
Enllaços externs
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