蟾蜍科

蟾蜍科
	金蟾蜍 Bufo periglenes
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	两栖纲 Amphibia
目：	无尾目 Anura
亚目：	新蛙亚目 Neobatrachia
总科：	雨蛙总科 Hyloidea
科：	蟾蜍科 Bufonidae; J. E. Gray, 1825
模式属
	蟾蜍属; Bufo; Laurenti, 1768
属
	（约有38个属）
	蟾蜍科分布

蟾蜍科（学名：Bufonidae）是多種分布於世界各地（除了澳大利亞、馬達加斯加與南極洲以外）的蛙類。

事实速览 蟾蜍科, 科学分类 ...

关闭

眼睛後方有耳下腺，可分泌蟾蜍毒素。皮膚粗糙。頭部有骨質棱脊。無齒。頭部骨質化。水平瞳孔。大部份陸棲性。未成年的雄性蟾蜍睪丸前方有畢德氏器，是退化的卵巢，成年後消失。

本科包括以下属：

阿登诺蟾属 Adenomus Cope, 1861
巴爾胎生蟾蜍屬 Altiphrynoides Dubois, 1987
Andinophryne
Hoogmoed, 1985
- Andinophryne olallai Hoogmoed, 1985^[1]，为Rhaebo olallai (Hoogmoed, 1985)的异名
涧蟾属 Ansonia Stoliczka, 1870
斑蟾屬 Atelophryniscus McCranie, Wilson and Williams, 1989，为Rhinella Fitzinger, 1826的异名
斑足蟾屬 Atelopus Duméril and Bibron, 1841
蟾蜍屬 Bufo Laurenti, 1768
Bufoides
Pillai & Yazdani, 1973
- 'Bufoides bhupathyi Naveen, Tapley, Chandramouli, Jervis, Babu, Meetei & Karunakaran, 2023^[2]
- Bufoides kempi (Boulenger, 1919)
- Bufoides meghalayanus (Yazdani & Chanda, 1971)
漠蟾属 Bufotes Rafinesque, 1815
Capensibufo
Grandison, 1980
- Capensibufo deceptus Channing, Measey, De Villiers, Turner & Tolley, 2017
- Capensibufo magistratus Channing, Measey, De Villiers, Turner & Tolley, 2017^[3]
- Capensibufo rosei (Hewitt, 1926)
- Capensibufo selenophos Channing, Measey, De Villiers, Turner & Tolley, 2017
- Capensibufo tradouwi (Hewitt, 1926)
Churamiti
Channing & Stanley, 2002
- Churamiti maridadi Channing & Stanley, 2002
扁蟾屬 Crepidophryne Cope, 1889
小叢蟾屬 Dendrophryniscus Jiménez de la Espada, 1871
碩足蛙屬 Didynamipus Andersson, 1903
头棱蟾属 Duttaphrynus
Frostius
Cannatella, 1986
- Frostius erythrophthalmus Pimenta & Caramaschi, 2007
- Frostius pernambucensis (Bokermann, 1962)
棱顶蟾属 Ingerophrynus Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan et al., 2006
Kenyaphrynoides
Liedtke, Malonza, Wasonga, Müller & Loader, 2023
- Kenyaphrynoides vulcani Liedtke, Malonza, Wasonga, Müller & Loader, 2023^[4]
勞蟾屬 Laurentophryne Tihen, 1960
平滑蟾屬 Leptophryne Fitzinger, 1843
黑昧蟾屬 Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961
默蟾屬 Mertensophryne Tihen, 1960
Metaphryniscus
Señaris, Ayarzagüena and Gorzula, 1994
- Metaphryniscus sosai Señaris, Ayarzagüena & Gorzula, 1994
游蟾屬 Nectophryne Buchholz and Peters in Peters, 1875
胎生蟾屬 Nectophrynoides Noble, 1926
利比里亞胎生蟾蜍屬 Nimbaphrynoides Dubois, 1987
對趾蟾屬 Oreophrynella Boulenger, 1895
奥索蟾屬 Osornophryne Ruiz-Carranza and Hernández-Camacho, 1976
小蟾属 Parapelophryne Fei, Ye and Jiang, 2003
漿蟾屬 Pedostibes
Günther, 1876
- Pedostibes tuberculosus Günther, 1876^[5]
厚蹼蟾屬 Pelophryne Barbour, 1938
Poyntonophrynus
Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan et al., 2006
- Poyntonophrynus beiranus (Loveridge, 1932)
- Poyntonophrynus damaranus (Mertens, 1954)
- Poyntonophrynus dombensis (Bocage, 1895)
- Poyntonophrynus fernandae Baptista, Vaz Pinto, Keates, Lobón-Rovira, Edwards & Rödel, 2023^[6]
- Poyntonophrynus fenoulheti (Hewitt & Methuen, 1912)
- Poyntonophrynus grandisonae (Poynton & Haacke, 1993)
- Poyntonophrynus hoeschi (Ahl, 1934)
- Poyntonophrynus kavangensis (Poynton & Broadley, 1988)
- Poyntonophrynus lughensis (Loveridge, 1932)
- Poyntonophrynus pachnodes Ceríaco, Marques, Bandeira, Agarwal, Stanley, Bauer, Heinicke & Blackburn, 2018
- Poyntonophrynus parkeri (Loveridge, 1932)
- Poyntonophrynus vertebralis (Smith, 1848)
水蟾屬 Pseudobufo Tschudi, 1838
Rhaebo
Cope, 1862
- Rhaebo andinophrynoides Mueses-Cisneros, 2009^[7]
- Rhaebo atelopoides (Lynch & Ruiz-Carranza, 1981)
- Rhaebo blombergi (Myers & Funkhouser, 1951)
- Rhaebo caeruleostictus (Günther, 1859)
- Rhaebo colomai (Hoogmoed, 1985)
- Rhaebo ecuadorensis Mueses-Cisneros, Cisneros-Heredia & McDiarmid, 2012^[8]
- Rhaebo glaberrimus (Günther, 1869)^[8]
- Rhaebo guttatus (Schneider, 1799)^[9]^[8]
- Rhaebo haematiticus (Cope, 1862)^[7]
- Rhaebo hypomelas (Boulenger, 1913)^[7]
- Rhaebo lynchi Mueses-Cisneros, 2007^[10]
- Rhaebo nasicus (Werner, 1903)
- Rhaebo olallai (Hoogmoed, 1985)
鉤吻蟾屬 Rhamphophryne Trueb, 1971
思齐蟾属 Schismaderma Smith, 1849
埃塞俄比亞胎生蟾蜍屬 Spinophrynoides Dubois, 1987
Stephopaedes Channing, 1979
花蟾属 Strauchbufo
Truebella Graybeal and Cannatella, 1995
前舌蟾屬 Werneria Poche, 1903
沃蟾屬 Wolterstorffina Mertens, 1939

Bufonidae. ITIS.

[1]
Ryan L. Lynch, Sebastian Kohn, Fernando Ayala-Varela, Paul S. Hamilton, and Santiago R. Ron. 2014. Rediscovery of Andinophryne olallai Hoogmoed, 1985 (Anura, Bufonidae), an enigmatic and endangered Andean toad. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation. 8(1) [Special Section]: 1–7 (e75). doi: dx.doi.org/10.1514/journal.arc.0000075
[2]
Naveen R.S., Tapley B., Chandramouli S.R., Jervis P.A., Babu S., Meetei A.B. and Karunakaran P.V. 2023. A New Species of Bufoides Pillai & Yazdani 1973 (Amphibia: Bufonidae) from Mizoram (India) and the Delimitation of the Distribution Range of Bufoides meghalayanus (Yazdani & Chanda 1971) to the Khasi hills, Meghalaya (India). BIODIVERSITAS. 24(9); 4617-4627.
[3]
A. Channing, G.J. Measey, A.L. de Villiers, A.A. Turner and, K.A. Tolley. 2017. Taxonomy of the Capensibufo rosei Group (Anura: Bufonidae) from South Africa. Zootaxa. 4232(2); 282–292. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4232.2.11
[4]
H Christoph Liedtke, Patrick K Malonza, Domnick V Wasonga, Hendrik Müller and Simon P Loader. 2023. A New Genus and Species of Toad from Mount Kenya illuminates East African Montane Biogeography. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. zlad160. DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad160
[5]
S.R. Chandramouli and A.A. Thasun Amarasinghe. 2016. Taxonomic Reassessment of the Arboreal Toad Genus Pedostibes Günther 1876 (Anura: Bufonidae) and Some Allied Oriental Bufonid Genera. Herpetologica. 72(2): 137-147. DOI 10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-15-00053
[6]
Ninda L. Baptista, Pedro Vaz Pinto, Chad Keates, Javier Lobón-Rovira, Shelley Edwards and Mark-Oliver Rödel. 2023. Two New Poyntonophrynus Species (Anura: Bufonidae) highlight the importance of Angolan Centers of Endemism. Vertebrate Zoology. 73: 991-1031. DOI: 10.3897/vz.73.e103935
[7]
Mueses-Cisneros, J.J. 2008. Rhaebo haematiticus (Cope 1862): un complejo de especies. Con redescripción de Rhaebo hypomelas (Boulenger 1913) y descripción de una nueva especie. Herpetotropicos. 5: 29-47.
[8]
Mueses-Cisneros, J.J., Cisneros-Heredia, D.F., McDiarmid, R.W. 2012. A new Amazonian species of Rhaebo (Anura: Bufonidae) with comments on Rhaebo glaberrimus (Günrhwe, 1869) and Rhaebo guttatus (Schneider, 1799). Zootaxa. 3447:22-40.
[9]
2011. The Amazonian toad Rhaebo guttatus is able to voluntarily squirt poison from the paratoid macroglands. Amphibia-Reptilia. 32 (2011): 546-549
[10]
Mueses-Cisneros, A.A. 2007. A new species of Rhaebo (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Cordillera Occidental of Colombia. Zootaxa. 1662:53-59.

[1] [1]
Ryan L. Lynch, Sebastian Kohn, Fernando Ayala-Varela, Paul S. Hamilton, and Santiago R. Ron. 2014. Rediscovery of Andinophryne olallai Hoogmoed, 1985 (Anura, Bufonidae), an enigmatic and endangered Andean toad. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation. 8(1) [Special Section]: 1–7 (e75). doi: dx.doi.org/10.1514/journal.arc.0000075

[2] [2]
Naveen R.S., Tapley B., Chandramouli S.R., Jervis P.A., Babu S., Meetei A.B. and Karunakaran P.V. 2023. A New Species of Bufoides Pillai & Yazdani 1973 (Amphibia: Bufonidae) from Mizoram (India) and the Delimitation of the Distribution Range of Bufoides meghalayanus (Yazdani & Chanda 1971) to the Khasi hills, Meghalaya (India). BIODIVERSITAS. 24(9); 4617-4627.

[3] [3]
A. Channing, G.J. Measey, A.L. de Villiers, A.A. Turner and, K.A. Tolley. 2017. Taxonomy of the Capensibufo rosei Group (Anura: Bufonidae) from South Africa. Zootaxa. 4232(2); 282–292. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4232.2.11

[4] [4]
H Christoph Liedtke, Patrick K Malonza, Domnick V Wasonga, Hendrik Müller and Simon P Loader. 2023. A New Genus and Species of Toad from Mount Kenya illuminates East African Montane Biogeography. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. zlad160. DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad160

[5] [5]
S.R. Chandramouli and A.A. Thasun Amarasinghe. 2016. Taxonomic Reassessment of the Arboreal Toad Genus Pedostibes Günther 1876 (Anura: Bufonidae) and Some Allied Oriental Bufonid Genera. Herpetologica. 72(2): 137-147. DOI 10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-15-00053

[6] [6]
Ninda L. Baptista, Pedro Vaz Pinto, Chad Keates, Javier Lobón-Rovira, Shelley Edwards and Mark-Oliver Rödel. 2023. Two New Poyntonophrynus Species (Anura: Bufonidae) highlight the importance of Angolan Centers of Endemism. Vertebrate Zoology. 73: 991-1031. DOI: 10.3897/vz.73.e103935

[Cisneros-7] [7]
Mueses-Cisneros, J.J. 2008. Rhaebo haematiticus (Cope 1862): un complejo de especies. Con redescripción de Rhaebo hypomelas (Boulenger 1913) y descripción de una nueva especie. Herpetotropicos. 5: 29-47.

[Mueses-8] [8]
Mueses-Cisneros, J.J., Cisneros-Heredia, D.F., McDiarmid, R.W. 2012. A new Amazonian species of Rhaebo (Anura: Bufonidae) with comments on Rhaebo glaberrimus (Günrhwe, 1869) and Rhaebo guttatus (Schneider, 1799). Zootaxa. 3447:22-40.

[9] [9]
2011. The Amazonian toad Rhaebo guttatus is able to voluntarily squirt poison from the paratoid macroglands. Amphibia-Reptilia. 32 (2011): 546-549

[10] [10]
Mueses-Cisneros, A.A. 2007. A new species of Rhaebo (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Cordillera Occidental of Colombia. Zootaxa. 1662:53-59.

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蟾蜍科

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參考

蟾蜍科

金蟾蜍 Bufo periglenes
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	两栖纲 Amphibia
目：	无尾目 Anura
亚目：	新蛙亚目 Neobatrachia
总科：	雨蛙总科 Hyloidea
科：	蟾蜍科 Bufonidae J. E. Gray, 1825
模式属
蟾蜍属 Bufo Laurenti, 1768
属
（约有38个属）

蟾蜍科分布