美洲擬獅最早由美國古生物學家約瑟夫·萊迪於 1853 年以 Felis atrox 為名命名並進行發表[4]。Hemmer 於 1974 年提議將美洲擬獅以三名法命名為 Panthera leo atrox[5],這項提議於 1985 年受到 Björn Kurten(英语:Björn Kurten)的支持[6]。
美洲擬獅一開始被認為是豹亞科下獨立物種,學名為 Panthera atrox/ˈpænθərəˈætrɒks/,拉丁文意思是「兇殘的豹」。但是一部分的古生物學家認為美洲擬獅應為現存非洲獅及穴獅的近親,而在之後將美洲擬獅命名為 P. leo atrox,列為非洲獅的亞種而非獨立物種[7]。近年來,美洲擬獅與穴獅則再次被視為是獨立物種[8]。
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Christiansen, Per; Harris, John M. Craniomandibular Morphology and Phylogenetic Affinities of Panthera atrox: Implications for the Evolution and Paleobiology of the Lion Lineage. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2009, 29 (3): 934–945. doi:10.1671/039.029.0314.
Chimento, N. R.; Agnolin, F. L. The fossil American lion (Panthera atrox) in South America: Palaeobiogeographical implications. Comptes Rendus Palevol. 2017, 16 (8): 850–864. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2017.06.009.
Seymour, Kevin L. The Felinae (Mammalia: Felidae) from the Late Pleistocene tar seeps at Talara, Peru, with a critical examination of the fossil and recent felines of North and South America (MSc论文). University of Toronto. 1983.
Yamaguchi, N.; Cooper, A.; Werdelin, L.; MacDonald, D. W. Evolution of the mane and group-living in the lion (Panthera leo): A review. Journal of Zoology. 2004, 263 (4): 329. doi:10.1017/S0952836904005242.