因為當初發現充滿蛋殼及孵化幼體的巢穴，甚至使該遺址後來被稱作「蛋山」（Egg Mountain），也是第一次發現大型恐龍會照顧後代的證據。[4]1979年，古生物學家杰克·R·霍纳與羅伯·馬凱拉（Robert Makela）命名、敘述了新屬新種皮氏慈母龍（Maiasaura peeblesorum）。屬名象徵著養育親子的形象，以希臘神話中的女神邁亞代表「好母親」之意，並加上拉丁語saurus（蜥蜴）的陰性拼法saura作強調。種名紀念發現地的地主皮博斯家族（John and James Peebles）。[2]
慈母龍是雙屋層（英语：Two Medicine Formation）中部層位（第四層帶）的指標性化石，年代約為7670萬年前。[1]在該層帶慈母龍與傷齒龍科的傷齒龍、小型鳥腳類奔山龍、奔龍科的斑比盜龍、暴龍科的懼龍共存。[1]另一種鴨嘴龍科亞冠龍在雙屋層出土的層位比先前認為得還要低，顯示牠們至少也與慈母龍共存過一段時間。在慈母龍出土範圍內還發現另一種鴨嘴龍科寬齒鉤鼻龍，代表雙屋層中上部動物相之間的分界並不再像以前認為得那麼明確。自從慈母龍於雙屋層出現之後，當地鳥臀目物種似乎產生了大幅多樣化的現象。這份對雙屋層上半部暴露地層的分布情形進行的詳細檢驗，發現多樣化事件確實存在，而非化石保存上的偏差結果。[16]雖然過去的記載經常將慈母龍與雙屋層的角龍科野牛龍相提並論，[17][18]但實際上兩者出土的層位有所差距，慈母龍的年代相對古老許多。[19]
Horner, J. R., Schmitt, J. G., Jackson, F., & Hanna, R. (2001). Bones and rocks of the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine-Judith River clastic wedge complex, Montana. In Field trip guidebook, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 61st Annual Meeting: Mesozoic and Cenozoic Paleontology in the Western Plains and Rocky Mountains. Museum of the Rockies Occasional Paper (Vol. 3, pp. 3-14).
Prieto-Márquez, A.; Wagner, J.R. A new species of saurolophine hadrosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of the Pacific coast of North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 2013, 58 (2): 255–268. doi:10.4202/app.2011.0049.
McFeeters, B. D.; Evans, D. C.; Ryan, M. J.; Maddin, H. C. First occurrence of Maiasaura (Dinosauria, Hadrosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous Oldman Formation of southern Alberta, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 2020,. in press. doi:10.1139/cjes-2019-0207.
Lehman, T. M., 2001, Late Cretaceous dinosaur provinciality: In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, pp. 310-328.
Weishampel, David B.; Barrett, Paul M.; Coria, Rodolfo A.; Le Loeuff, Jean; Xu Xing; Zhao Xijin; Sahni, Ashok; Gomani, Elizabeth, M.P.; and Noto, Christopher R. (2004). "Dinosaur Distribution", in The Dinosauria (2nd), pp. 517–606.
Andrew T. McDonald & John R. Horner, (2010). "New Material of "Styracosaurus" ovatus from the Two Medicine Formation of Montana". Pages 156–168 in: Michael J. Ryan, Brenda J. Chinnery-Allgeier, and David A. Eberth (eds), New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs: The Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium, Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianapolis, IN.
Sullivan, R. M.; Lucas, S. G. The Kirtlandian land-vertebrate "age"–faunal composition, temporal position and biostratigraphic correlation in the nonmarine Upper Cretaceous of western North America. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 2006, 35: 7–29.
Dodson, Peter & Britt, Brooks & Carpenter, Kenneth & Forster, Catherine A. & Gillette, David D. & Norell, Mark A. & Olshevsky, George & Parrish, J. Michael & Weishampel, David B. The Age of Dinosaurs. Publications International, LTD. p. 116-117. ISBN0-7853-0443-6.
Horner, Jack and Gorman, James. (1988). Digging Dinosaurs: The Search that Unraveled the Mystery of Baby Dinosaurs, Workman Publishing Co.
Lehman, T. M., 2001, Late Cretaceous dinosaur provinciality: In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, pp. 310–328.
Trexler, D., 2001, Two Medicine Formation, Montana: geology and fauna: In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, pp. 298–309.
