閉央不圓唇元音是母音的一種,使用於許多口語語言之中,其國際音標的符號為 ⟨ɨ⟩,另一种符号为 ⟨ï⟩,相對應的X-SAMPA符號則為 ⟨1⟩。
- 其元音高度為閉,這意指舌頭的位置會盡量接近齒齦,但不會阻礙氣流而被歸類為子音。
- 其圓唇度為不圓唇元音,嘴唇自然放鬆,不特別向前突起。
/ɨ/在印欧语系语言中不是个普遍的音素,主要作为同位异音出现在部分斯拉夫语支语言,如俄语。但它在美洲孤立语言中是非常普遍的音素,且常和/i/、/u/等其它闭元音对立。这在现存语言和其祖语原始犹他-阿兹特克语中都发生。尽管/ɨ/不普遍存在于这一地区,有些學者认为此音素是中美洲语言联盟的区域特征之一。[1]
漢語中的舌尖元音/ɿ/亦有人標示為此音,如:/sɨ͡/。
更多信息 语言, 词汇 ...
语言 |
词汇 |
国际音标 |
意义 |
注释
|
亚齐语 |
tupeue |
[tupɨə] |
知 |
|
阿姆哈拉语 |
ሥር |
[sɨ̞r] |
根 |
次闭元音。
|
昂纳米语 |
Khonoma |
prü |
[pɻɨ˨] |
雹石 |
元音高度介于闭元音[ɨ]和央元音[ə]间。一般记作⟨ə⟩.
|
Arhuaco
|
ikʉ
|
[ɪk'ɨ]
|
Arhuaco语
|
|
柏柏尔语 |
中阿特拉斯塔马塞特语[4] |
khdim (ⵅⴷⵉⵎ) |
[χdɨ̞m] |
工作 |
在辅音丛间,唇音和舌冠音前的插音。
|
汉语 |
潮汕话 |
tū (豬) |
[tɨ˦] |
猪 |
|
英语 |
南部美国英语 |
good |
[ɡɨ̞d] |
好 |
和其他方言[ʊ]对应。参见英语音系
|
南英格兰英语[6] |
[ɡɪ̈d] |
可能是圆唇的[ʊ̈];[6]和其他方言[ʊ]对应。参见英语音系
|
伦敦英语[7][8] |
lip |
[lɪ̈ʔp] |
唇 |
/ɪ/的可能实现。[7][8]
|
南非英语 |
[lɨ̞p] |
对于部分使用者,和[ə]是自由变体。SAE的白读、文读有同位异音化的变体,[ɪ] (白读是[i])出现在软腭音和硬颚音旁,[ɨ̞~ə] elsewhere。参见南非英语音系
|
南部美国英语[10] |
[lɪ̈p] |
/ɪ/在唇辅音前的同位异音,有时也出现在其他环境里。[10]
|
东南英格兰英语 |
rude |
[ɹɨːd] |
粗野 |
可能是圆唇的[ʉː]或双元音[ʊʉ̯~əʉ̯]。
|
瓜拉尼语[12] |
yvy |
[ɨʋɨ] |
土地 |
|
豪萨语 |
cin abinci |
[t̠ʃin abɨnt̠ʃi]
|
吃 |
/i/的同位异音。
|
爱尔兰语 |
芒斯特爱尔兰语 |
caora |
[kɨːɾˠə] |
羊 |
/i/在开辅音间的同位异音。参见爱尔兰语音系
|
乌尔斯特爱尔兰语[15] |
[比如?] |
|
|
/ɪ/的同位异音。次闭元音。[15]
|
Kalagan |
[pɨˈnɨt̪] |
胡须 |
|
克什米尔语[17] |
ćū'nan (ژٕنَن) |
[t͡sɨnan] |
桃子 |
|
Kera |
[ɡɨ̀ɡɨ̀r] |
膝盖 |
|
库尔德语
|
南库尔德语
|
kirmaşan (کرماشان)
|
[cʰɨɾmäːʃäːn]
|
科曼莎
|
等同于北库尔德语和中库尔德语的[ɪ]。参见库尔德语音系
|
拉特加莱语 |
dyžan |
[ˈd̪ɨʒän̪] |
太多 |
参见拉特加莱语音系
|
Mah Meri |
[d͡ʑäbɨ̞ʔ͡k̚] |
喝醉 |
|
马普切语[23] |
müṉa |
[mɘ̝ˈn̪ɐ̝] |
父亲这边的堂兄 |
/ɘ/的非重读变体。[23]
|
蒙古语 |
khüchir (хүчир) |
[xutʃʰɨɾɘ̆] |
困难 |
|
Mono |
dɨ |
[dɨ] |
计数 |
|
Paicî |
[比如?] |
|
|
可以记作⟨ɯ⟩。
|
罗马尼亚语 |
înot |
[ɨˈn̪o̞t̪] |
我游泳 |
参见罗马尼亚语音系
|
俄语 |
ты/ty |
[t̪ɨ]ⓘ |
你(单数/不规范) |
只出现在非硬颚辅音后。非重读时是次闭元音。参见俄语音系
|
Sahaptin |
kʼsit
|
[kʼsɨt]
|
冷 |
插音。没有等效的长音
|
Sema |
sü |
[ʃɨ̀] |
损害 |
从闭元音[ɨ]到次闭元音[ɨ̞]。
|
Shipibo |
tenaitianronki |
[ˈt̪ɨnɐi̞ti̞ɐ̃ɽõ̞ɣi̞] |
[translation needed] |
/ɯ/在舌冠音后可能的实现。
|
Sirionó |
[eˈsɨ] |
'dry wood' |
|
瑞典语 |
布胡斯 |
bli |
[blɨᶻː] |
成为 |
对应中央标准瑞典语[iː]的擦化元音。参见瑞典語音系
|
内尔彻
|
塔吉克语 |
布哈拉 |
ġižġiž (ғижғиж) |
[ʁɨʑʁɨʑ] |
锯木声 |
/i/在小舌音环境下的同位异音。
|
泰米尔语 |
vāli (வால்) |
[väːlɨ] |
尾巴 |
口语中在词尾流音后的插音;可以是圆唇音[ʉ]。参见泰米尔语音系
|
Tera |
zu |
[zɨ] |
说了 |
|
vur |
[vɨ̞r] |
给 |
/ɨ/在闭音节的同位异音。[38]
|
土耳其语 |
标准音[39] |
sığ |
[sɨː] |
浅 |
也被描写为闭后元音[ɯ][40]和次闭次后元音{{IPAblink |ɯ̽}。}[41]一般记作⟨ɯ⟩。参见土耳其語音系
|
巴尔干加告兹土耳其语[42] |
[比如?] |
|
|
词尾将标准土耳其语/i/和/ɯ/合流,/y/和/u/受巴尔干语言联盟影响合并为同一音位。东布罗夫斯基[42]将其记作/i/。
|
乌德穆尔特语 |
urgetė, yrgjete (ургетэ, ыргетэ[44]) |
[ɨrgete] |
它咆哮 |
|
威尔士语 |
北部方言 |
llun |
[ɬɨːn] |
图 |
长音是闭元音,短音是次闭元音。 南部方言和/ɪ/合流。参见威尔士语音系
|
pump |
[pɨ̞mp] |
五
|
八重山语 |
pïtu |
[pɨtu] |
人 |
|
萨波特克语 |
蒂尔基亚潘 |
nɨ |
[nɨ] |
变酸 |
|
关闭
波兰语 ⟨y⟩常是/ɨ/,但实际上是半闭前移央展唇元音,更精确的记音是[ɘ̟]。相似地,欧洲葡萄牙语的非重读⟨e⟩常被记作/ɨ/,实际上是次闭次后不圆唇元音,更精确的记音使用ad hoc标,如[ɯ̽], [ɯ̟]和[ʊ̜]。
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