冷戰期間,蘇聯和美方都密集貯存大量的武器級鈽元素。美國在華盛頓州漢福德基地(Hanford Site)和薩凡納河基地(Savannah River Site)的核反應器便製造了103公噸鈽元素[15],俄國估計也有170公噸產量的武器級鈽元素[16]。核能工業每年約產出20公噸的副產物鈽元素[17]。多達1000公噸的鈽受到儲存,其中超過200公噸或用於製作、或提煉自核武器之中[10]。斯德哥爾摩國際和平研究所(SIPRI)估計迄2007年全球約有500公噸的鈽庫存量,平均分配於軍用和民用[18]。
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