砌塊

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在化學領域，砌塊或分子砌塊是具有活性官能團的虛擬分子片段或真實的分子。^[1]砌塊可用於特定分子結構的「自下而上」組裝，並在納米顆粒、^[2][3]金屬有機框架材料、^[4]有機分子、^[5]超分子體系^[6]的構築中有所應用，使用砌塊可確保得到所需的最終產物或分子/超分子體系。^[7]

沙格列汀是一種抗糖尿病藥，它可由羧酸砌塊（BB1）和胺砌塊（BB2）為原料來合成。

參考文獻

1. H.H. Szmant. Organic Building Blocks of the Chemical Industry. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 1989.
2. L. Zang; Y. Che; J.S. Moore. One-Dimensional Self-Assembly of Planar π-Conjugated Molecules: Adaptable Building Blocks for Organic Nanodevices. Acc. Chem. Res. 2008, 41 (12): 1596–1608. PMID 18616298. doi:10.1021/ar800030w.
3. J.M.J. Fréchet. Dendrimers and other dendritic macromolecules: From building blocks to functional assemblies in nanoscience and nanotechnology. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 2003, 41 (23): 3713–3725. Bibcode:2003JPoSA..41.3713F. doi:10.1002/pola.10952 .
4. O. K. Farha; C. D. Malliakas; M.G. Kanatzidis; J.T. Hupp. Control over Catenation in Metal−Organic Frameworks via Rational Design of the Organic Building Block. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132 (3): 950–952. PMID 20039671. doi:10.1021/ja909519e.
5. Garcia, J. C.; Justo, J. F.; Machado, W. V. M.; Assali, L. V. C. Functionalized adamantane: building blocks for nanostructure self-assembly. Phys. Rev. B. 2009, 80 (12): 125421. Bibcode:2009PhRvB..80l5421G. arXiv:1204.2884 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.80.125421.
6. A.J. Cairns; J.A. Perman; L. Wojtas; V.Ch. Kravtsov; M.H. Alkordi; M.Eddaoudi; M.J. Zaworotko. Supermolecular Building Blocks (SBBs) and Crystal Design: 12-Connected Open Frameworks Based on a Molecular Cubohemioctahedron. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130 (5): 1560–1561. PMID 18186639. doi:10.1021/ja078060t.
7. R.S. Tu; M. Tirrell. Bottom-up design of biomimetic assemblies. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2004, 56 (11): 1537–1563. PMID 15350288. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2003.10.047.