假單胞菌屬（學名：Pseudomonas）是一類需氧的革蘭氏陰性細菌，它位於假單胞菌科下，已知物種有191個。該屬微生物具有極其豐富的代謝多樣性，這些多樣性也使得它們能夠在非常廣闊的生態位中生存。[1]假單胞菌屬的微生物在in vitro條件下很容易培養，這使得該屬成為科研的絕佳材料，比較典型的研究對象有人類致病菌綠膿桿菌、植物致病菌丁香假單胞菌、土壤細菌戀臭假單胞菌以及能促進植物生長的螢光假單胞菌。
Quick Facts 假單胞菌屬, 科學分類 ...
假單胞菌屬
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| 瓊脂板上的綠膿桿菌菌落
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科學分類 
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| 域：
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細菌域 Bacteria
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| 門：
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假單胞菌門 Pseudomonadota
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| 綱：
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γ-變形菌綱 Gammaproteobacteria
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| 目：
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假單胞菌目 Pseudomonadales
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| 科：
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假單胞菌科 Pseudomonadaceae
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| 屬：
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假單胞菌屬 Pseudomonas
Migula, 1894
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| 模式種
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綠膿桿菌 Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(Schroeter, 1872) Migula, 1900
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| 種
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見正文
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| 異名
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- Flavimonas Holmes et al. 1987
- Chryseomonas Holmes et al. 1986
- Serpens Hespell 1977
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因為廣泛存在於水體和諸如雙子葉植物等的種子中，假單胞菌屬算是較早發現的一種微生物。假單胞菌屬這個名字最早在1894和1900年由Walter Migula給出，當時只是一個很模糊的名詞，它的意思是指「革蘭氏陰性菌，杆狀以及一端有鞭毛的、能夠形成芽孢的細菌」。[2][3]但是後來這些被認為芽孢的東西被證明只是某些儲存物質的顆粒而已。[4]現在我們已經不用這些比較模糊的描述了，而選用綠膿桿菌作為模式種來研究。[4]
和大部分細菌屬一樣，假單胞菌屬的最後共同祖先生活於大約幾億年前。它最早在19世紀末由Walter Migula定名，但它名字的來源在當時並未給出，而是最早見於第七版的細菌命名法著作《伯傑氏系統細菌學手冊》(Bergey's Manual of Systematic Microbacteriology)：pseudo來源於希臘語的pseudes(ψευδής)，即「假」之義；-monas來源於μονάς/μονάδος，為「單個單元」之義；合起來可以把這個名字理解為「假的單元」之義。但是這個名字沒有任何有價值的含義，它並不是說這種生物可能錯誤地會出現單個細胞的狀態，因為它從來就沒有以多細胞的形式存在過。一種比較可靠的猜測是，Migula這樣起名可能單純是想說這種生物是假的「Monas」，Monas是指金藻綱的一種有著微小鞭毛的原生生物。[4]不久之後，其他符合Migula這一模糊定義的微生物也陸續被發現並被加入到這一屬下，但是它們當中的很多在後來通過檢測保守性大分子等方法又被重新劃分到其他門類下了。[5]
最近，利用16S rRNA測序分析手段，很多細菌都被重新劃分分類。[6]有一些原來屬於單胞菌屬和黃色單胞菌屬的細菌又被劃分到了假單胞菌屬下。[7]原來屬於假單胞菌屬的一些菌株現在被分到了伯克氏菌屬和羅爾斯通氏菌屬。[8][9]
2000年，人們獲得了假單胞菌屬某物種的全基因組序列，其後很多其他菌株的序列也被測出，包括：P. aeruginosa strains PAO1 (2000), P. putida KT2440 (2002), P. protegens Pf-5 (2005), P. syringae pathovar tomato DC3000 (2003), P. syringae pathovar syringae B728a (2005), P. syringae pathovar phaseolica 1448A (2005), P. fluorescens Pf0-1, and P. entomophila L48。[5]
本屬包括以下物種：
- 綠膿桿菌 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 組
- 綠膿桿菌 Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- 產鹼假單胞菌 Pseudomonas alcaligenes
- 鰻敗血假單胞菌 Pseudomonas anguilliseptica
- 阿根廷假單胞菌 Pseudomonas argentinensis
- 爛泥假單胞菌 Pseudomonas borbori
- 香茅醇假單胞菌 Pseudomonas citronellolis
- 變黃假單胞菌 Pseudomonas flavescens
- 門多薩假單胞菌 Pseudomonas mendocina
- 硝基還原假單胞菌 Pseudomonas nitroreducens
- 食油假單胞菌 Pseudomonas oleovorans
- 類產鹼假單胞菌 Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes
- 食樹脂假單胞菌 Pseudomonas resinovorans
- 稻草假單胞菌 Pseudomonas straminea
- 綠葉假單胞菌Pseudomonas chlororaphis 組
- 鐵角蕨假單胞菌 Pseudomonas asplenii
- 桔黃假單胞菌 Pseudomonas aurantiaca
- 致黃假單胞菌 Pseudomonas aureofaciens
- 綠葉假單胞菌 Pseudomonas chlororaphis
- 皺紋假單胞菌 Pseudomonas corrugata
- 莓實假單胞菌 Pseudomonas fragi
- 隆德假單胞菌 Pseudomonas lundensis
- 腐臭假單胞菌 Pseudomonas taetrolens
- 螢光假單胞菌 Pseudomonas fluorescens 組
- 南極假單胞菌 Pseudomonas antarctica
- 產氮假單胞菌 Pseudomonas azotoformans
- Pseudomonas blatchfordae
- 油菜假單胞菌 Pseudomonas brassicacearum
- 布氏假單胞菌 Pseudomonas brenneri
- Pseudomonas cedrina
- 皺紋假單胞菌 Pseudomonas corrugata
- 螢光假單胞菌 Pseudomonas fluorescens
- 蓋氏假單胞菌 Pseudomonas gessardii
- 黎巴嫩假單胞菌 Pseudomonas libanensis
- 孟氏假單胞菌 Pseudomonas mandelii
- 邊緣假單胞菌 Pseudomonas marginalis
- 地中海假單胞菌 Pseudomonas mediterranea
- 子午線假單胞菌 Pseudomonas meridiana
- 米氏假單胞菌 Pseudomonas migulae
- 霉味假單胞菌 Pseudomonas mucidolens
- Pseudomonas orientalis
- Pseudomonas panacis
- Pseudomonas protegens
- 解朊假單胞菌 Pseudomonas proteolytica
- 羅氏假單胞菌 Pseudomonas rhodesiae
- 類黃假單胞菌 Pseudomonas synxantha
- 賽維瓦爾假單胞菌 Pseudomonas thivervalensis
- 托拉斯假單胞菌 Pseudomonas tolaasii
- 斡氏假單胞菌 Pseudomonas veronii
- 穿孔素假單胞菌Pseudomonas pertucinogena 組
- 脫氮假單胞菌 Pseudomonas denitrificans
- 穿孔素假單胞菌 Pseudomonas pertucinogena
- 戀臭假單胞菌Pseudomonas putida 組
- 乳脂色假單胞菌 Pseudomonas cremoricolorata
- Pseudomonas entomophila
- 黃褐假單胞菌 Pseudomonas fulva
- 蒙氏假單胞菌 Pseudomonas monteilii
- 摩氏假單胞菌 Pseudomonas mosselii
- 棲麥假單胞菌 Pseudomonas oryzihabitans
- 副黃假單胞菌 Pseudomonas parafulva
- 香魚假單胞菌 Pseudomonas plecoglossicida
- 戀臭假單胞菌 Pseudomonas putida
- 施氏假單胞菌Pseudomonas stutzeri 組
- 巴利阿里假單胞菌 Pseudomonas balearica Bennasar et al. 1996
- 橙黃假單胞菌 Pseudomonas luteola Kodama et al. 1985
- 施氏假單胞菌 Pseudomonas stutzeri (Lehmann and Neumann 1896) Sijderius 1946 (Approved Lists 1980)
- 丁香假單胞菌Pseudomonas syringae組
- Pseudomonas amygdali Psallidas and Panagopoulos 1975
- Pseudomonas avellanae Janse et al. 1997
- Pseudomonas caricapapayae Robbs 1956
- 菊苣假單胞菌 Pseudomonas cichorii (Swingle 1925) Stapp 1928
- Pseudomonas coronafaciens
- Pseudomonas ficuserectae Goto 1983
- Pseudomonas helianthi
- Pseudomonas meliae Ogimi, 1981,為Pseudomonas_Q kirkiae的異名
- Pseudomonas savastanoi (Janse 1982 ex Smith 1908) Gardan et al. 1992
- 菜豆暈疫病菌 Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola ( Burkholder ) Gardan et al.
- 丁香假單胞菌 Pseudomonas syringae
- 核果樹潰瘍病菌 Pseudomonas syringae pv. morsprunorum ( Wormald ) Young et al.
- 桃樹潰瘍病菌 Pseudomonas syringae pv. persicae ( Prunier et al. ) Young et al.
- 豌豆細菌性疫病菌 Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi ( Sackett ) Young et al.
- 十字花科黑斑病菌 Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola (McCulloch) Young et al
- 番茄細菌性葉斑病菌 Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato ( Okabe ) Young et al.
- 西紅柿假單胞菌 Pseudomonas tomato
- 淺綠黃假單胞菌 Pseudomonas viridiflava
- 組的地位未定的菌種：
- Pseudomonas abietaniphila Mohn et al., 1999
- Pseudomonas acidophila
- Pseudomonas aegrilactucae Sawada et al. 2022[10]
- Pseudomonas aestuarii Kim et al. 2023[11]
- 傘菌假單胞菌 Pseudomonas agarici Young, 1970
- 嗜鹼假單胞菌 Pseudomonas alcaliphila Yumoto et al., 2001
- Pseudomonas alkanolytica Chocat et al. 1983
- Pseudomonas amyloderamosa Norrman and Wober 1975
- Pseudomonas aphyarum Testerman et al. 2023[12]
- Pseudomonas aromaticivorans Banerjee et al. 2023[13]
- 鐵角蕨假單胞菌 Pseudomonas asplenii (Ark & Tompkins, 1946) Savulescu, 1947
- Pseudomonas atagonensis Morimoto et al. 2020[14]
- Pseudomonas azotifigens Hatayama et al., 2005
- 博岑假單胞菌 Pseudomonas bauzanensis [15]
- 食苯假單胞菌 Pseudomonas benzenivorans Lang et al., 2012
- Pseudomonas benzopyrenica Dong et al. 2023[16]
- Pseudomonas bharatica Mohapatra and Phale 2023[17]
- 博阿內假單胞菌 Pseudomonas boanensis Nicklasson et al. 2022[18]
- 加州假單胞菌 Pseudomonas californiensis Carvalho et al. 2022[19]
- Pseudomonas cannabina (ex Šutič and Dowson 1959) Gardan et al. 1999
- Pseudomonas citri Gao et al. 2023[20]
- 結冰假單胞菌 Pseudomonas congelans Behrendt et al. 2003
- 康氏假單胞菌 Pseudomonas costantinii Munsch et al. 2002
- Pseudomonas cucumis Liao et al. 2023[21]
- 多瑙河假單胞菌 Pseudomonas danubii Mulet et al. 2023[22]
- Pseudomonas delhiensis
- 遠東假單胞菌 Pseudomonas extremorientalis Ivanova et al. 2002，指菌株分離自俄羅斯遠東地區
- Pseudomonas fitomaticsae Atanasov et al. 2022[23]
- Pseudomonas fontis Testerman et al. 2023[24]
- 弗雷德里克斯堡假單胞菌 Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis
- Pseudomonas fuscovaginae (ex Tanii et al. 1976) Miyajima et al. 1983
- Pseudomonas gelidicola Kadota 1951
- Pseudomonas graminis Behrendt et al. 1999[25]
- Pseudomonas gregormendelii Kosina et al. 2022[26]，種名以摩拉維亞僧侶和遺傳學先驅約翰·格雷戈爾·孟德爾（Johann Gregor Mendel）的名字命名，以紀念他對一般遺傳學所做的貢獻
- 格氏假單胞菌 Pseudomonas grimontii Baïda et al. 2002，以法國細菌學家格里蒙特（P. A. D. Grimon）的名字命名
- Pseudomonas guryensis Kim et al. 2021[27]
- 合肥假單胞菌 Pseudomonas hefeiensis Liao et al. 2024[28]
- Pseudomonas hormoni Sorty et al. 2023[29]
- Pseudomonas hygromyciniae Turner et al. 2023[30]
- Pseudomonas idahonensis Testerman et al. 2023[31]
- 印度假單胞菌 Pseudomonas indica Pandey et al. 2002
- 傑氏假單胞菌 Pseudomonas jessenii Verhille et al. 1999
- Pseudomonas jianii Yamada et al. 1968
- 晉州假單胞菌 Pseudomonas jinjuensis Kwon et al. 2003
- Pseudomonas kielensis Gieschler et al. 2021
- 基爾假單胞菌 Pseudomonas kilonensis Sikorski et al. 2001
- Pseudomonas kirkiae Bueno-Gonzalez et al. 2020
- Pseudomonas kitaguniensis Sawada et al. 2020
- Pseudomonas knackmussii Stolz et al., 2007
- 韓國假單胞菌 Pseudomonas koreensis Kwon et al., 2003
- 庫爾姆巴赫假單胞菌 Pseudomonas kulmbachensis Lick et al. 2024[32]，指菌種分離自德國南部的庫爾姆巴赫（Kulmbach）
- 昆明假單胞菌 Pseudomonas kunmingensis Xie et al. 2014
- Pseudomonas kurunegalensis Girard et al. 2022
- Pseudomonas kuykendallii Hunter and Manter 2012
- Pseudomonas lactis von Neubeck et al. 2017
- Pseudomonas lactucae Sawada et al. 2021
- Pseudomonas lalkuanensis Thorat et al. 2020[33]
- 麗江假單胞菌 Pseudomonas lijiangensis Lu et al. 2022[34]
- 亞麻假單胞菌 Pseudomonas lini Delorme et al., 2002
- Pseudomonas lupini Bel'tiukova and Koroleva 1971
- 黃色假單胞菌 Pseudomonas lutea Peix et al. 2004
- Pseudomonas marianensis Yang et al. 2023[35]
- Pseudomonas maioricensis [36]
- 摩拉維亞假單胞菌 Pseudomonas moraviensis Tvrzová et al. 2006
- Pseudomonas morbosilactucae Sawada et al. 2022[37]
- Pseudomonas nicosulfuronedens Li et al. 2021[38]
- 格陵蘭假單胞菌 Pseudomonas nunensis Ntana et al. 2023[39]
- Pseudomonas oligotrophica Zhang et al. 2023[40]
- 稻田假單胞菌 Pseudomonas oryzagri Huq et al. 2022[41]
- 耳炎假單胞菌 Pseudomonas otitidis Clark et al. 2006
- 海綿假單胞菌 Pseudomonas pachastrellae Romanenko et al. 2005
- 帕勒隆尼氏假單胞菌 Pseudomonas palleroniana Gardan et al. 2002
- Pseudomonas paraeruginosa Rudra et al. 2022[42]
- Pseudomonas paraveronii Lick et al. 2024[32]，種名指與法國微生物學家Véron教授密切相關
- Pseudomonas paralcaligenes Ono et al. 2023[43]
- 海假單胞菌 Pseudomonas pelagia Hwang et al., 2009
- 爛泥假單胞菌 Pseudomonas peli Vanparys et al., 2006
- Pseudomonas pergaminensis Díaz et al. 2022[44]
- Pseudomonas petrae Nováková et al. 2023[45]
- 殺魚假單胞菌 Pseudomonas piscis Liu et al. 2020
- 草假單胞菌 Pseudomonas poae Behrendt et al., 2003
- 食油假單胞菌 Pseudomonas pohangensis Weon et al., 2006
- Pseudomonas protegens Ramette et al. 2012
- 嗜冷假單胞菌 Pseudomonas psychrophila Yumoto et al. 2002
- Pseudomonas psychrotolerans Hauser et al. 2004
- Pseudomonas quasicaspiana Carvalho et al. 2022[46]
- 魁北克假單胞菌 Pseudomonas quebecensis Tambong et al. 2023[47]
- 食爬蟲假單胞菌 Pseudomonas reptilivora Caldwell and Ryerson 1940
- Pseudomonas rhizosphaerae Peix et al. 2003
- Pseudomonas rhodina Heumann 1962
- 淺紅假單胞菌 Pseudomonas rubescens
- Pseudomonas rubra Testerman et al. 2023[48]
- 薩氏假單胞菌 Pseudomonas salomonii Gardan et al. 2002
- Pseudomonas schmalbachii Shelomi et al. 2021[49]
- 敗血假單胞菌 Pseudomonas septica
- 塞爾維亞假單胞菌 Pseudomonas serbica Todorović et al. 2023[50]
- Pseudomonas serboccidentalis Todorović et al. 2023[50]
- Pseudomonas silvicola [51]
- 猴假單胞菌 Pseudomonas simiae Vela et al. 2006
- 猿假單胞菌 Pseudomonas solani Sawada et al. 2023[52]
- 松嫩平原假單胞菌 Pseudomonas songnenensis Zhang et al. 2015
- 豬假單胞菌 Pseudomonas suis
- Pseudomonas thermotolerans
- Pseudomonas toyotomiensis
- 山黃麻假單胞菌 Pseudomonas tremae
- 平凡假單胞菌 Pseudomonas trivialis
- Pseudomonas turbinellae
- Pseudomonas tuticorinensis
- Pseudomonas ullengensis Kim et al. 2021[27]
- 陰城假單胞菌 Pseudomonas umsongensis
- 溫哥華假單胞菌 Pseudomonas vancouverensis
- 弗村假單胞菌 Pseudomonas vranovensis Tvrzová et al., 2006
- 黃色海假單胞菌 Pseudomonas xanthomarina Romanenko et al., 2005
- Pseudomonas xanthosomatis Girard et al. 2022，也拼作：Pseudomonas xanthosomae
- Pseudomonas xiamenensis Lai and Shao 2008
- 新疆假單胞菌 Pseudomonas xinjiangensis Liu et al. 2009
- 雄安假單胞菌 Pseudomonas xionganensis Zhao et al. 2020
- Pseudomonas yamanorum Arnau et al. 2015
- Pseudomonas yangonensis Tohya et al. 2020
- Pseudomonas zanjanensis Girard et al. 2022
- Pseudomonas zarinae Girard et al. 2022
- Pseudomonas zeae Girard et al. 2022
- Pseudomonas zeshuii Feng et al. 2012
- 肇東假單胞菌 Pseudomonas zhaodongensis Zhang et al., 2015
假單胞菌屬的總體特徵如下：[53]
假單胞菌屬的其他特徵還有（部分種例外）在鐵限制條件下分泌一種螢光鐵載體。[54]有些假單胞菌屬物種還可以分泌其他類型的鐵載體，如綠膿桿菌可以分泌綠膿桿菌毒素[55]，螢光假單胞菌可以分泌一種叫做thioquinolobactin的含硫鐵載體。[56]假單胞菌屬細菌氧化酶測試呈陽性，這也是其一個典型特徵。
假單胞菌屬可能是雲中形成冰晶的最重要的成核劑，它們在全世界的雨雪形成過程中都起著十分重要的作用。[57]
人們以前認為，假單胞菌屬中所有的種都屬於專性需氧微生物。近來人們在假單胞菌形成的生物膜中發現了例外。[58]在生物膜形成過程中，許多細胞都能夠產生諸如藻朊酸鹽等胞外多糖，這些多糖可以防止假單胞菌被白血球吞噬。[59]胞外多糖還可以使假單胞菌在食物表面形成一片片難以去除的生物膜。腐壞食物表面的假單胞菌還會使食物聞起來有水果般的味道。
因為是革蘭氏陰性細菌，大部分假單胞菌對青黴素以及很多相關β-內醯胺類抗生素都有抗性，但也有部分對哌拉西林、亞胺培南、替卡西林以及環丙沙星敏感。[59]臨床治療上的其他選擇是諸如妥布黴素、慶大黴素以及阿米卡星等氨基糖苷類抗生素。
因為擁有含有孔蛋白的堅硬細胞壁，假單胞菌能夠在嚴苛的環境下生存。它們的外排泵能夠在許多抗生素發揮作用之前就把它們排出去。
綠膿桿菌是一種機會致病菌，對抗生素表現出低敏感性，較為棘手。[60]一是因為綠膿桿菌細胞壁滲透性低，二是因為其抗生素抗性基因（如mexAB-oprM、mexXY[61]）可調控多種藥物外排泵協同運作。 除了內生抗性，綠膿桿菌還很容易通過基因組突變或水平基因轉移來產生新的抗性。若要獲得對多種藥物的抗性，就需要發生不同的突變或者接受多個水平基因的轉移。高頻突變傾向於在綠膿桿菌中產生能夠引起慢性感染的抗生素抗性，而在內含子中同時出現多個抗生素抗性基因會使菌株同時具有多種抗性。有些研究發現，有些表型抗性會隨生物膜形成或小的變種菌落而出現。[5]
雖然鎵元素沒有什麼自然的生物學功能，但它能對細胞過程產生類似於三價鐵的影響。當細菌錯誤地將鎵當成鐵吸收後，鎵並不像鐵那樣能夠傳遞電子，這會影響細胞呼吸，最終導致細胞死亡。[62][63]
在二十世紀初，依靠經典分類方法來描述和鑑定這一微生物屬經歷了一段頗為坎坷的過程。當人們將比對核糖體RNA的大分子組分作為一項評判標準引入後，假單胞菌的分類就豁然開朗了：根據核糖體RNA的相似性，假單胞菌屬可以分為五個核糖體RNA同源組。在Migula命名假單胞菌屬數十年後，被劃歸到該屬下的微生物種數目達到了驚人的比例。目前該屬的微生物種類已經縮減到了不到原來的10%，這其中有不少菌是新命名的，而原來屬於假單胞菌屬的微生物，其實已經沒有幾個目前還在該屬下了。依賴除核糖體RNA外的其他保守大分子的分類方法使得我們能夠控制該屬不至於過於龐大。[5]
致病菌包括綠膿桿菌、棲稻假單胞菌棲稻假單胞菌、和變形假單胞菌。綠膿桿菌是醫院裡一個較為頭疼的問題，因為它對病人來說是侵染力排第二位的致病菌（院內感染）[來源請求]。它的致病機理可能和綠膿桿菌分泌的蛋白質有一定關係。該細菌具有種類非常廣泛的分泌系統，它們分泌的許多蛋白質都和臨床株的致病性有關。[64]
丁香假單胞菌是一類植物致病菌。它具有五十多種致病變種，其中許多具有高度的宿主專一性。假單胞菌屬的許多其他物種也能成為植物致病菌，但是丁香假單胞菌是研究最為透徹的一個。
儘管並非嚴格的植物病原體，托拉斯假單胞菌在農業上也是一個頭疼的問題，它可以造成栽培蘑菇的細菌性斑點病。[65]能夠造成栽培蘑菇疾病的還有傘菌假單胞菌。[66]
二十世紀八十年代中期始，假單胞菌屬中的某些物種就開始被用來抑制作物致病菌的生長或定殖。這種應用通常稱作生物防治。螢光假單胞菌和Pseudomonas protegens的菌株（如CHAO或Pf-5）的生物防治特性是目前研究最為透徹的，儘管人們目前還不十分清楚螢光假單胞菌促進植物生長的過程是如何實現的。這其中可能的方式有：假單胞菌促進了宿主植物的系統抗性，使得植物能夠更好地抵抗病原體；打敗其他的土壤（致病）微生物（如分泌鐵載體來獲取鐵元素）；產生對其他土壤微生物有害的化合物，如吩嗪類抗體或氰化氫。上述所有方式均已得到了實驗證實。[67]
其他具有生物防治功能的假單胞菌還有：綠葉假單胞菌，產生吩嗪類抗生素抑制特定真菌病原體生長[68]；桔黃假單胞菌產生一種一直格蘭仕陽性細菌的抗生素類物質di-2,4-diacetylfluoroglucylmethane。[69]
假單胞菌屬的某些物種能夠代謝環境污染物，它們可以用來進行生物修復。相關物種包括：
因為具有多種多樣的代謝特徵，能夠在低溫和特殊環境下生存，很多假單胞菌都能夠導致食物腐敗。典型的例子有：莓實假單胞菌可以引起奶製品腐壞,[78]，腐臭假單胞菌和霉味假單胞菌能夠造成雞蛋腐臭，[79]隆德假單胞菌，能夠造成牛奶、奶酪、肉類和魚類的腐敗。[80]
最近，人們已經通過16s核糖體RNA測序將許多以前曾經屬於假單胞菌屬的微生物進行了重新分類。[6]這些被移出假單胞菌屬的物種如下所示；點擊相應物種原名會出現它們目前的新名字：
α 變形菌: P. abikonensis, P. aminovorans, P. azotocolligans, P. carboxydohydrogena, P. carboxidovorans, P. compransoris, P. diminuta, P. echinoides, P. extorquens, P. lindneri, P. mesophilica, P. paucimobilis, P. radiora, P. rhodos, P. riboflavina, P. rosea, P. vesicularis.
β 變形菌: P. acidovorans, P. alliicola, P. antimicrobica, P. avenae, P. butanovorae, P. caryophylli, P. cattleyae, P. cepacia, P. cocovenenans, P. delafieldii, P. facilis, P. flava, P. gladioli, P. glathei, P. glumae, P. huttiensis, P. indigofera, P. lanceolata, P. lemoignei, P. mallei, P. mephitica, P. mixta, P. palleronii, P. phenazinium, P. pickettii, P. plantarii, P. pseudoflava, P. pseudomallei, P. pyrrocinia, P. rubrilineans, P. rubrisubalbicans, P. saccharophila, P. solanacearum, P. spinosa, P. syzygii, P. taeniospiralis, P. terrigena, P. testosteroni.
γ-β 變形菌: P. beteli, P. boreopolis, P. cissicola, P. geniculata, P. hibiscicola, P. maltophilia, P. pictorum.
γ 變形菌: P. beijerinckii, P. diminuta, P. doudoroffii, P. elongata, P. flectens, P. halodurans, P. halophila, P. iners, P. marina, P. nautica, P. nigrifaciens, P. pavonacea,[81]P. piscicida, P. stanieri.
δ 變形菌: P. formicans.
能夠侵染假單胞菌的噬菌體有很多，例如：
- 假單胞菌噬菌體Φ6
- 假單胞菌噬菌體ΦCTX
- 綠膿桿菌噬菌體EL [82]
- ΦKMV屬
- 綠膿桿菌噬菌體ΦKMV [83]
- 綠膿桿菌噬菌體LKD16 [84]
- 綠膿桿菌噬菌體LKA1 [84]
- 綠膿桿菌噬菌體LUZ19
- 綠膿桿菌噬菌體ΦKZ [82]
- 戀臭假單胞菌噬菌體gh1
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