沙鮻科(學名:Sillaginidae)又名鱚科,俗稱沙鮻、沙腸仔,是一種條鰭魚綱真鱸形系的海魚,傳統上歸於鱸形目,2016年《世界魚類》第五版將其放在鯛形目,2017年《硬骨魚分類系統》將其放在真鱸形系下目級地位未定的一科。[2]
形態
沙鮻魚的身體呈細長的圓柱形,頭部作錐體狀,魚鱗和口部都較小。沙鮻魚的特性是極容易受驚嚇,而且受驚嚇時會躲進海底的沙泥裡[3]。沙鮻魚雜食,攝食泥地的小蝦、甲殼類、多毛類等底棲動物[4]。
沙鮻常見於西太平洋及印度洋的淺海海床。由於沙鮻魚通常背部都較深色,但魚肚則是白色,所以在澳大利亞及印度的人,會把當地常見的一種沙鮻魚稱為Whiting。
分類
鱚科共有5屬37種,當中絕大部份的33種都屬於鱚屬。其餘的4個種,分別屬於各自的屬。[5][6]
- 鱚屬 Sillago Cuvier,1816
- 雜色鱚 Sillago aeolus Jordan & Evermann, 1902:又名星沙鮻、星鱚
- 金線鱚 Sillago analis Whitley, 1943
- 阿拉伯鱚 Sillago arabica McKay & McCarthy, 1989
- 銀帶鱚 Sillago argentifasciata Martin & Montalban, 1935
- 亞洲鱚 Sillago asiatica McKay, 1982:又名亞洲沙鮻
- 波斯灣鱚 Sillago attenuata McKay, 1985
- 銀鱚 Sillago bassensis Cuvier, 1829
- 北部灣鱚 Sillago boutani Pellegrin, 1905
- 紅鱚 Sillago burrus Richardson, 1842:又名澳洲鱚
- 異尾鱚 Sillago caudicula Kaga, Imamura & Nakaya, 2010
- 纖鱚 Sillago ciliata Cuvier, 1829 ( = Parasillago ciliata):又名副鱚
- 弗氏鱚 Sillago flindersi McKay, 1985
- 印度鱚 Sillago indica McKay, Dutt & Sujatha, 1985
- 海灣鱚 Sillago ingenuua McKay, 1985:又名灣沙鮻
- 間鱚 Sillago intermedia Wongratana, 1977
- 少鱗鱚 Sillago japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1843:又名青沙鮻
- 泥鱚 Sillago lutea McKay, 1985
- 斑鱚 Sillago maculata Quoy & Gaimard, 1824
- 大頭鱚 Sillago megacephalus Lin, 1933
- 小眼鱚 Sillago microps McKay, 1985
- 粗鱚 Sillago nierstraszi Hardenberg, 1941
- 黑紋鱚 Sillago nigrofasciata Xiao, Yu, Song & Gao, 2021
- 潘氏鱚 Sillago panhwari Panhwar, Farooq, Qamar, Shaikh & Mairaj, 2017
- 細鱗鱚 Sillago parvisquamis Gill, 1861:又名小鱗沙鮻
- 鈍頭鱚 Sillago robusta Stead, 1908
- 黃鰭鱚 Sillago schomburgkii Peters, 1864
- 多鱗鱚 Sillago sihama (Fabricius, 1775):又名沙鮻
- 邵氏鱚 Sillago shaoi Gao & Xiao, 2016
- 中國鱚 Sillago sinica Gao & Xue, 2011
- 沙林鱚 Sillago soringa Dutt & Sujatha, 1982
- 蘇伊士鱚 Sillago suezensis Golani, Fricke & Tikochinski, 2013
- 文氏鱚 Sillago vincenti McKay, 1980
- 斜紋鱚 Sillago vittata McKay, 1985
- 長背鱚屬 Sillaginodes Gill, 1861:又名似鱚屬
- 斑似鱚 Sillaginodes punctatus (Cuvier, 1829)
- 九棘鱚屬 Sillaginopsis Gill, 1861:又名擬鱚屬
- 平頭擬鱚 Sillaginopsis panijus (Hamilton, 1822)
- 大指鱚屬 Sillaginopodys Fowler, 1933
- 大鱗鱚屬 Sillaginops Kaga, 2013
- 大鱗鱚 Sillaginops macrolepis (Bleeker, 1858)
本科傳統上歸於鱸形目,2016年《世界魚類》第五版將其放在鯛形目,但遺傳學研究顯示本科會是鯛形目、鮟鱇目、魨形目、刺尾鯛目、笛鯛目等等演化支的外類群,因而2017年《硬骨魚分類系統》將其放在真鱸形系下目級地位未定的一科。[2]
真鱸形系 |
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Eupercaria |
參考文獻
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