鯉科是鯉形目下種類最多的一個科,包括約200有效屬、約2000現生種[1][2](具體數目隨著新發現及相關各科定義的變化,在有關專家學者當中未有定論)。中國共有約132屬532種和亞種,其中包括鯉魚、鯽魚等常見魚類。此科魚的特徵是有魚鬚、有咽齒沒脂鰭。鯉科一族分布於歐亞大陸、北美、非洲。最大的鯉魚—巨暹羅鯉(Catlocarpio siamensis)可以長到3米長,300公斤。黃鰭結魚(Tor putitora),可以長到2.75米長,54公斤。結魚(Tor tor),可以長到2米長,9公斤。在北美分支中的尖頭葉唇魚(Ptychocheilus lucius)單體記錄為1.8米長,45公斤。
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與之相對的,有很多種類的體長不足5厘米。透體小𱆥發育成熟後體長僅11毫米,而2006年發現的微鯉更僅有7.9毫米。鯉科的所有成員均為卵生,大部分不保護他們的卵。但是,有一些種類建魚窩或護卵。鰟鮍類的魚會將卵產於貝類體內,新生的小魚直到有能力生存後才離開寄主。
本科魚外觀體型差異極大。一般為紡錘形或長形,側扁或稍側扁,口由前上頷骨與下頷骨組成,能伸縮。上下頷皆無齒,但由最後一對鰓之腹面特化成1至3行咽頭齒,每行少於8枚齒,與頭骨腹面的角質後墊形成咀嚼構造。通常具有1至2對鬚或無鬚。背鰭1枚,其前部有2至4根不分枝鰭條,腹鰭腹位,尾鰭叉形或深叉形。體被圓鱗,少數種類鱗片變小或退化。腹鰭基部一般均具有狹長腋鱗。
- Abbottina binhi
- 拉林棒花魚 Abbottina lalinensis
- 遼寧棒花魚 Abbottina liaoningensis
- 鈍吻棒花魚 Abbottina obtusirostris
- 棒花魚 Abbottina rivularis
- 斯氏棒花魚 Abbottina springeri
- 刺鮈 Acanthogobio guentheri
- 坦噶尼喀魮 Acapoeta tanganicae
- 北梭短吻魚 Albulichthys albuloides
- 阿氏鈍齒魚 Amblypharyngodon atkinsonii
- 泰國鈍齒魚 Amblypharyngodon chulabhornae
- 鈍齒魚 Amblypharyngodon melettinus :又稱赤嵌鈍齒魚。
- 印度鈍齒魚 Amblypharyngodon microlepis
- 磨齒鈍齒魚 Amblypharyngodon mola
- Amblyrhynchichthys micracanthus
- 截尾鈍吻魮 Amblyrhynchichthys truncatus
- 半盲近金線䰾 Anchicyclocheilus halfibindus
- 傑伊異鮰 Aspidoparia jaya
- 異鮰 Aspidoparia morar
- 烏克魯異鮰 Aspidoparia ukhrulensis
- 新疆扁吻魚 Aspiorhynchus laticeps :又稱新疆大頭魚。
- Aspius aspius
- Aspius vorax
- 管臀魚 Aulopyge huegelii Heckel, 1843[3]
- Balantiocheilos ambusticauda Ng & Kottelat 2007 [4]
- 黑鰭袋唇魚 Balantiocheilos melanopterus (Bleeker, 1850),基異名:Barbus melanopterus Bleeker, 1850
- 光髯魮 Barbichthys laevis (Valenciennes, 1842),基異名:Barbus laevis Valenciennes, 1842
- 布氏擬四鬚魮 Barboides britzi
- 細擬四鬚魮 Barboides gracilis
- 高身四鬚魮 Barbonymus altus
- 似巴勒四鬚魮 Barbonymus balleroides
- 科氏四鬚魮 Barbonymus collingwoodii
- 爪哇四鬚魮 Barbonymus gonionotus :又稱喬氏四鬚魮。
- 施氏魮 Barbonymus schwanenfeldii :又稱施瓦氏四鬚魮。
- 德氏小髯魮 Barbopsis devecchii
- 貝克氏低線鱲 Barilius bakeri
- 滇西低線鱲 Barilius barila :又稱芒氏𱆥。
- 巴納低線鱲 Barilius barna
- 本迪爾低線鱲 Barilius bendilisis
- 伯納特低線鱲 Barilius bernatziki
- Barilius bonarensis
- 博爾尼低線鱲 Barilius borneensis
- 卡尼亞爾低線鱲 Barilius canarensis :又名印度真馬口波魚
- 斑尾低線鱲 Barilius caudiocellatues
- Barilius chatricensis
- 松河低線鱲 Barilius dimorphicus
- 多氏低線鱲 Barilius dogarsinghi
- 伊夫氏低線鱲 Barilius evezardi
- 蓋茨山低線鱲 Barilius gatensis
- 泰國低線鱲 Barilius huahinensis
- Barilius infrafasciatus
- Barilius lairokensis
- 中河低線鱲 Barilius mesopotamicus
- 靜低線鱲 Barilius modestus
- Barilius naseeri
- Barilius nelsoni
- Barilius ngawa
- 飾妝低線鱲 Barilius ornatus
- 糙低線鱲 Barilius ponticulus
- Barilius pakistanicus
- Barilius ponticulus
- 輻邊低線鱲 Barilius radiolatus
- 印度低線鱲 Barilius shacra
- 蒂萊低線鱲 Barilius tileo
- 漫遊低線鱲 Barilius vagra
- 似䱻 Belligobio nummifer
- 彭縣似䱻 Belligobio pengxianensis
- Betadevario ramachandrani Pramod, Fang, Rema Devi, Liao, Indra, Jameela Beevi & Kullander, 2010[5]
- Bhava vittata ,原為Puntius vittata[6]
- Biwia tama
- Biwia yodoensis
- 琵琶湖鮈 Biwia zezera
- 白氏泰波魚 Boraras brigittae
- 斑紋泰波魚 Boraras maculatus
- 小泰波魚 Boraras merah :又稱紅體波魚。
- 三斑泰波魚 Boraras micros
- 斑點泰波魚 Boraras naevus
- 擬尾眼泰波魚 Boraras urophthalmoides :又稱似睛尾波魚。
Brevibora Liao, Kullander & Fang, 2010[7]
- Brevibora cheeya Liao & Tan, 2011[8]
- 背點波魚 Brevibora dorsiocellata (Duncker, 1904)
- Brevibora exilis Liao & Tan, 2014[9]
- 沙烏地阿拉伯魮 Carasobarbus apoensis
- 類犬魮 Carasobarbus canis
- 錢特氏魮 Carasobarbus chantrei
- 逐魮 Carasobarbus exulatus
- 黃體魮 Carasobarbus luteus
- 鬚鯽 Carassioides acuminatus
- Carassioides argentea
- Carassioides macropterus
- Carassius auratus argenteaphthalmus
- 鯽 Carassius auratus auratus
- 布氏鯽 Carassius auratus burgeri
- 大眼鯽 Carassius auratus grandoculis :又稱長背鯽。
- 蘭氏鯽 Carassius auratus langsdorfii
- 黑鯽 Carassius carassius
- 高身鯽 Carassius cuvieri :又稱日本白鯽。
- 銀鯽 Carassius gibelio
- 卡特拉魮 Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822),為Gibelion catla (Hamilton, 1822)的異名
- 巨暹羅鯉 Catlocarpio siamensis Boulenger, 1898:又稱暹羅印度鯉。[10]
- 貝利氏沙昆鯉 Chagunius baileyi
- 沙昆鯉 Chagunius chagunio
- 尼氏沙昆鯉 Chagunius nicholsi
- 元寶鯿 Chela cachius
- Chela khujairokensis
- 比氏埃塞魚 Chelaethiops bibie :又稱短臀埃塞魚。
- 康吉埃塞魚 Chelaethiops congicus
- 長體埃塞魚 Chelaethiops elongatus
- 小埃塞魚 Chelaethiops minutus
- 魯夸湖埃塞魚 Chelaethiops rukwaensis
- 骨唇黃河魚 Chuanchia labiosa Herzenstein, 1891[11]
- 貝爾氏魮 Clypeobarbus bellcrossi
- Clypeobarbus bomokandi
- 康吉魮 Clypeobarbus congicus
- 高鱗魮 Clypeobarbus hypsolepis
- 腹鱗魮 Clypeobarbus pleuropholis
- 擬頜齒魮 Clypeobarbus pseudognathodon
- 斯考特氏魮 Clypeobarbus schoutedeni
- 巴門褶吻鯪 Cophecheilus bamen Zhu, Zhang, Zhang & Han, 2011[12]
- 短鬚褶吻鯪 Cophecheilus brevibarbatus He, Huang, He & Yang, 2015
- 皮氏裂口鬚魮 Coptostomabarbus bellcrossi
- 裂口鬚魮 Coptostomabarbus wittei
- 細銅魚 Coreius cetopsis
- 圓口銅魚 Coreius guichenoti
- 銅魚 Coreius heterodon
- 北方銅魚 Coreius septentrionalis
- 高麗雅羅魚 Coreoleuciscus splendidus Mori, 1935[13]
- 紅鰭方口魮 Cosmochilus cardinalis
- 鐮狀方口魮 Cosmochilus falcifer
- 哈氏方口魮 Cosmochilus harmandi
- 南臘方口魮 Cosmochilus nanlaensis
- 天竺圓唇魚 Cyclocheilichthys apogon
- 圓唇魚 Cyclocheilichthys armatus
- 盔圓唇魚 Cyclocheilichthys enoplus
- 泰國圓唇魚 Cyclocheilichthys furcatus
- 異絲圓唇魚 Cyclocheilichthys heteronema
- 詹氏圓唇魚 Cyclocheilichthys janthochir
- 拉氏圓唇魚 Cyclocheilichthys lagleri
- 斜口圓唇魚 Cyclocheilichthys repasson
- Cyclocheilichthys schoppeae
- 中華圓唇魚 Cyclocheilichthys sinensis
- 葉門似真小鯉 Cyprinion acinaces acinaces
- 希賈茲似真小鯉 Cyprinion acinaces hijazi
- 伊拉克似真小鯉 Cyprinion kais
- 大口似真小鯉 Cyprinion macrostomus
- 沙特似真小鯉 Cyprinion mhalensis
- 小眼似真小鯉 Cyprinion microphthalmum
- 邁氏似真小鯉 Cyprinion milesi
- Cyprinion semiplotum
- 細線似真小鯉 Cyprinion tenuiradius
- 華生似真小鯉 Cyprinion watsoni
- Danionella cerebrum Britz, Conway & Rüber, 2021[14]
- 德古拉小𱆥 Danionella dracula :又稱德古拉魚、小吸血鬼魚
- Danionella mirifica
- Danionella priapus
- 透體小𱆥 Danionella translucida
也稱大斑馬魚屬、神𱆥屬、德瓦𱆥屬。
- Devario acrostomus
- 尖頭大𱆥 Devario acuticephala :又稱尖頭斑馬魚、尖頭神𱆥
- 波條大𱆥 Devario aequipinnatus :又稱波條神𱆥、線紋𱆥,也可稱大班馬魚
- Devario affinis
- 阿氏大𱆥 Devario ahlanderi Kullander & Norén, 2022[15]:又稱阿氏德瓦𱆥。
- 安娜大𱆥 Devario annandalei
- Devario anomalus
- 缺鬚大𱆥 Devario apogon
- Devario apopyris
- 阿薩姆大𱆥 Devario assamensis
- 黃紫大𱆥 Devario auropurpureus :又稱紫金斑馬魚、藍琉璃斑馬魚、紫鑽琉璃燈、黃紫神𱆥、紫金非鯉、紫金茵萊湖鯉、琉璃燕子
- 德瓦大𱆥 Devario browni
- 金線大𱆥 Devario chrysotaeniatus :又稱金線大斑馬魚、金線神𱆥
- Devario devario
- 方芳大𱆥 Devario fangfangae [註 1]
- 弗雷澤氏大𱆥 Devario fraseri
- Devario gibber
- Devario horai
- 半線大𱆥 Devario interruptus :又稱紅彩斑馬魚、虹彩斑馬魚、半線神𱆥
- 紅蚌大𱆥 Devario kakhienensis
- 寮國大𱆥 Devario laoensis :又稱麥氏大𱆥。
- Devario leptos
- 泰國大𱆥 Devario maetaengensis :又稱湄塘河非鯉、湄塘河茵萊湖鯉
- 細線大𱆥 Devario malabaricus :又稱大班馬魚、馬拉巴大班馬魚、馬拉巴爾斑馬魚、大神𱆥、馬拉巴𱆥
- 印度大𱆥 Devario manipurensis
- 那加大𱆥 Devario naganensis
- 尼爾大𱆥 Devario neilgherriensis
- 斯里蘭卡大𱆥 Devario pathirana
- Devario peninsulae
- 皇大𱆥 Devario regina :又稱皇神𱆥
- Devario salmonata
- 沙姆大𱆥 Devario shanensis :又稱撣邦德瓦𱆥、沙姆神𱆥、撣邦非鯉
- 桑氏大𱆥 Devario sondhii :又稱火紅金線斑馬魚、火兔斑馬魚、桑氏神𱆥
- 棘大𱆥 Devario spinosus
- Devario strigillifer
- Devario suvatti
- Devario xyrops
- Devario yuensis
- Diplocheilichthys jentinkii
- 側帶紋唇魚 Diplocheilichthys pleurotaenia
- 斑重唇魚 Diptychus maculatus
- 西氏重唇魚 Diptychus sewerzowi
- 阿氏盤齒魮 Discherodontus ashmeadi
- 黑氏盤齒魮 Discherodontus halei
- 小四鬚魮 Discherodontus parvus
- 施氏盤齒魮 Discherodontus schroederi
- 多鱗盤唇魚 Discocheilus multilepis
- 伍氏盤唇魚 Discocheilus wui
- Discogobio antethoracalis
- 雙珠盤鮈 Discogobio bismargaritus
- 短鰾盤鮈 Discogobio brachyphysallidos
- Discogobio caobangi
- Discogobio dienbieni
- 長體盤鮈 Discogobio elongatus
- 寬頭盤鮈 Discogobio laticeps
- 長鬚盤鮈 Discogobio longibarbatus
- 長鰾盤鮈 Discogobio macrophysallidos :又稱多鱗盤鮈。
- Discogobio microstoma
- 多線盤鮈 Discogobio multilineatus
- Discogobio pacboensis
- Discogobio poneventralis
- Discogobio propeanalis
- 四鬚盤鮈 Discogobio tetrabarbatus
- 雲南盤鮈 Discogobio yunnanensis
- Discolabeo wuluoheensis Li, Lu & Mao, 1996
- Eirmotus furvus
- Eirmotus insignis
- Eirmotus isthmus
- 十帶連理鱥 Eirmotus octozona
- 短臀鯷波魚 Engraulicypris brevianalis
- Engraulicypris gariepinus Barnard, 1943 [16]
- Engraulicypris howesi Riddin, Bills & Villet, 2016 [16]
- Engraulicypris ngalala Riddin, Bills & Villet, 2016[16]
- 沙丁鯷波魚 Engraulicypris sardella
- 雙色角魚 Epalzeorhynchus bicolor
- 鬚唇角魚 Epalzeorhynchus frenatum
- 麗鰭角魚 Epalzeorhynchus kalopterus
- 泰國雙角魚 Epalzeorhynchus munense
- 阿爾氏長鬚𱆥 Esomus ahli
- 阿爾特斯氏長鬚𱆥 Esomus altus
- 髯長鬚𱆥 Esomus barbatus
- 睛尾長鬚𱆥 Esomus caudiocellatus
- 長鬚𱆥 Esomus danricus
- 線紋長鬚𱆥 Esomus lineatus
- 長身長鬚𱆥 Esomus longimanus
- Esomus malabaricus
- 馬來亞長鬚𱆥 Esomus malayensis
- Esomus manipurensis
- 金長鬚𱆥 Esomus metallicus
- 野長鬚𱆥 Esomus thermoicos
- Fangfangia spinicleithralis Britz, Kottelat & Tan, 2012[17]
- 瓣結魚 Folifer brevifilis (Peters, 1881):又稱海南瓣結魚。
- 稀有鮈鯽 Gobiocypris rarus Ye & Fu, 1983
- 新疆裸重唇魚 Gymnodiptychus dybowskii
- 全裸裸重唇魚 Gymnodiptychus integrigymnatus
- 厚唇裸重唇魚 Gymnodiptychus pachycheilus pachycheilus
- Haludaria afasciata (Jayaram, 1990)
- Haludaria fasciata (Jerdon, 1849)
- Haludaria kannikattiensis (Arunachalam & Johnson, 2003)
- Haludaria melanampyx (Day, 1865)
- 裂峽魮 Hampala ampalong
- 雙斑裂峽魮 Hampala bimaculata
- 異裂峽魮 Hampala dispar
- 洛氏裂峽魮 Hampala lopezi
- 大鱗裂峽魮 Hampala macrolepidota
- Hampala sabana
- 薩爾溫裂峽魮 Hampala salweenensis
- Hemigrammocapoeta culiciphaga
- 美麗半墨頭魚 Hemigrammocapoeta elegans
- 凱氏半線二鬚魮 Hemigrammocapoeta kemali
- 矮半線二鬚魮 Hemigrammocapoeta nana
- Henicorhynchus lineatus
- Henicorhynchus lobatus
- Henicorhynchus ornatipinnis (Roberts, 1997)
- 暹羅單吻魚 Henicorhynchus siamensis (Sauvage, 1881)[18]
- 'Henicorhynchus' thaitui Nguyen, Ho, Hoang, Wu & Zhang, 2020[19]
- 小頭高原魚 Herzensteinia microcephalus (Herzenstein, 1891)
- 板麼紅水魚 Hongshuia banmo
- 大眼紅水魚 Hongshuia megalophthalmus
- 小口紅水魚 Hongshuia microstomatus :又名小口華纓魚
- 袍里紅水魚 Hongshuia paoli
- 綠霍氏魚 Horadandia atukorali Deraniyagala, 1943[20]
- 布氏霍氏魚 Horadandia brittani Rema Devi & Menon, 1992[20]
- Horalabiosa arunachalami
- 霍氏唇魮 Horalabiosa joshuai
- 印度霍氏唇魮 Horalabiosa palaniensis
也稱茵萊湖鯉屬。
- 傑氏斑馬魚 Inlecypris jayarami (Barman, 1985):又稱薩爾溫江非鯉、雅氏茵萊湖鯉
- 伊朗盲鯉 Iranocypris typhlops
- 婆羅鯉 Kalimantania lawak (Bleeker, 1855),基異名為Systomus lawak Bleeker, 1855
- Kosswigobarbus kosswigi (Ladiges, 1960),為Carasobarbus kosswigi (Ladiges, 1960)的異名
- 布氏波魚 Kottelatia brittani (Axelrod, 1976),基異名:Rasbora brittani Axelrod, 1976
- Labeobarbus acutirostris
- 小口魮 Labeobarbus aeneus
- 寬口魮 Labeobarbus aspius
- 貝茨氏魮 Labeobarbus batesii
- Labeobarbus brevicauda
- Labeobarbus brevicephalus
- 短刺魮 Labeobarbus brevispinis
- 岬魮 Labeobarbus capensis
- 卡多朿氏魮 Labeobarbus cardozoi
- 尾紋魮 Labeobarbus caudovittatus
- 科林頓氏魮 Labeobarbus codringtonii
- 康皮氏魮 Labeobarbus compiniei
- Labeobarbus crassibarbis
- Labeobarbus dainellii
- Labeobarbus gorgorensis
- Labeobarbus gorguari
- 哈伯氏魮 Labeobarbus habereri
- 間魮 Labeobarbus intermedius :又稱澳洲間魮。
- 約氏魮 Labeobarbus johnstonii
- 大口魮 Labeobarbus kimberleyensis
- 纖魮 Labeobarbus litamba
- Labeobarbus longissimus
- 梭魮 Labeobarbus lucius
- Labeobarbus macrophtalmus
- 軟刺魮 Labeobarbus malacanthus
- 大鱗黃魮 Labeobarbus marequensis
- 姆巴氏魮 Labeobarbus mbami
- Labeobarbus megastoma
- 細絲魮 Labeobarbus micronema
- 蒙戈魮 Labeobarbus mungoensis
- 南非魮 Labeobarbus natalensis
- Labeobarbus nedgia
- Labeobarbus nthuwa
- Labeobarbus osseensis
- Labeobarbus platydorsus
- 細鱗黃魮 Labeobarbus polylepis
- 始祖魮 Labeobarbus progenys
- 羅卡氏魮 Labeobarbus rocadasi
- 羅伊氏魮 Labeobarbus roylii
- Labeobarbus surkis
- Labeobarbus truttiformis
- Labeobarbus tsanensis
- Labeobarbus versluysii
- Labiobarbus cyanopareja
- 條紋長背魮 Labiobarbus fasciatus
- 長背魮 Labiobarbus festivus
- 薄長背魮 Labiobarbus lamellifer
- 細唇長背魮 Labiobarbus leptocheilus :又稱居氏長背魮、緬甸長背魮。
- Labiobarbus lineatus
- 睛斑長背魮 Labiobarbus ocellatus
- 沙巴長背魮 Labiobarbus sabanus
- 暹羅長背魮 Labiobarbus siamensis :又稱胸斑長背魮。
- 平口鮈 Ladislavia taczanowskii
- 眼點元寶鯿 Laubuka caeruleostigmata
- 印度元寶鯿 Laubuka dadiburjori
- 條紋元寶鯿 Laubuka fasciata
- Laubuka insularis
- Laubuka lankensis
- 翼元寶鯿 Laubuka laubuca
- Laubuka ruhuna
- Laubuka varuna
- 何氏細鬚魮 Leptobarbus hoevenii
- 霍氏細鬚魮 Leptobarbus hosii
- 暗鰭細鬚魮 Leptobarbus melanopterus
- 暗帶細鬚魮 Leptobarbus melanotaenia
- 紅鰭細鬚魮 Leptobarbus rubripinna
- 纓瘦波魚 Leptocypris crossensis
- 幾內亞瘦波魚 Leptocypris guineensis
- 孔庫瘦波魚 Leptocypris konkoureensis
- 盧氏瘦波魚 Leptocypris lujae
- 瘦波魚 Leptocypris modestus
- 尼羅河瘦波魚 Leptocypris niloticus :又稱尼羅低線鱲。
- 泰恩瘦波魚 Leptocypris taiaensis
- 威氏瘦波魚 Leptocypris weeksii :又稱威氏長嘴鱲。
- 韋氏瘦波魚 Leptocypris weynsii
- 寬頭四鬚魮 Linichthys laticeps ,寬頭林氏䰾,寬頭四須䰾
- 博氏魮 Luciobarbus bocagei
- 短頭魮 Luciobarbus brachycephalus
- 團頭魮 Luciobarbus capito :又稱錐首魮。
- 黑海魮 Luciobarbus caspius
- 伊比利亞魮 Luciobarbus comizo
- 埃氏魮 Luciobarbus escherichii
- 犬魮 Luciobarbus esocinus
- 希臘魮 Luciobarbus graecus
- 格雷爾氏魮 Luciobarbus graelsii
- 圭拉魮 Luciobarbus guiraonis
- Luciobarbus kersin
- 科斯氏魮 Luciobarbus kosswigi
- Luciobarbus kottelati
- Luciobarbus lydianus
- 小頭魮 Luciobarbus microcephalus
- 三葉魮 Luciobarbus mursa :又稱稷魮、古拉河鯉。
- Luciobarbus mystaceus
- Luciobarbus pectoralis
- 斯克萊氏魮 Luciobarbus sclateri
- 斯氏魮 Luciobarbus steindachneri
- Luciobarbus xanthopterus
- 單紋擬鱤 Luciocyprinus langsoni
- 細紋擬鱤 Luciocyprinus striolatus
- Macrhybopsis aestivalis (Girard, 1856)
- Macrhybopsis australis (Hubbs & Ortenburger, 1929)
- Macrhybopsis boschungi Gilbert & Mayden, 2017[21]
- Macrhybopsis etnieri Gilbert & Mayden, 2017[21]
- Macrhybopsis gelida (Girard, 1856)
- Macrhybopsis hyostoma (Gilbert, 1884)[21]
- Macrhybopsis marconis (Jordan & Gilbert, 1886)
- Macrhybopsis meeki (Jordan & Evermann, 1896)
- Macrhybopsis pallida Gilbert & Mayden, 2017[21]
- Macrhybopsis storeriana (Kirtland, 1845)
- Macrhybopsis tetranema (Gilbert, 1886)
- Macrhybopsis tomellerii Gilbert & Mayden, 2017[21]
- Mekongina bibarba
- 湄公魚 Mekongina erythrospila
- Mekongina lancangensis
- 鴨綠江中鮈 Mesogobio lachneri
- 圖們江中鮈 Mesogobio tumenensis
- Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi
也稱小徳瓦𱆥屬、小大斑馬魚屬。
- 蓋氏小德魚 Microdevario gatesi :蓋氏小波魚
- 庫氏小德魚 Microdevario kubotai :久保田氏小波魚
- 小眼小德魚 Microdevario microphthalma :小眼小波魚
- 微小德魚 Microdevario nana :微小波魚
- 紅身小波魚 Microrasbora rubescens
- 銀色長臀魮 Mystacoleucus argenteus
- 黑背鰭長臀魮 Mystacoleucus atridorsalis
- 月斑長臀魮 Mystacoleucus chilopterus
- Mystacoleucus ectypus
- Mystacoleucus greenwayi
- 細尾長臀魮 Mystacoleucus lepturus
- 長臀魮 Mystacoleucus marginatus
- 帕當長臀魮 Mystacoleucus padangensis
- 似龜結魚 Naziritor chelynoides
- 巴基斯坦結魚 Naziritor zhobensis :又稱若布河納結魚
- 阿里線紋鯿 Nematabramis alestes
- 婆羅洲線紋鯿 Nematabramis borneensis
- 埃氏線紋鯿 Nematabramis everetti
- 斯氏線紋鯿 Nematabramis steindachneri
- 遜線紋鯿 Nematabramis verecundus
- 新波魚 Neobola bottegoi
- 河溪新波魚 Neobola fluviatilis
- Neobola kinondo Bart, Schmidt, Nyingi & Gathua, 2019[22]
- 尼羅新波魚 Neobola nilotica
- 星新波魚 Neobola stellae
- Neolissochilus acutirostris Arunachalam, Sivakumar & Murugan, 2017
- 保山四鬚魮 Neolissochilus baoshanensis (Chen & Yang, 1999):寶山新光唇魚。
- 軟鰭四鬚魮 Neolissochilus benasi (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936):又稱軟鰭新光唇魚。
- Neolissochilus blanci (Pellegrin & Fang, 1940)
- 布萊斯新光唇魚 Neolissochilus blythii (Day, 1870)
- Neolissochilus bovanicus (Day, 1877)
- Neolissochilus capudelphinus Arunachalam, Sivakumar & Murugan, 2017[23]
- 窄身新光唇魚 Neolissochilus compressus (Day, 1870)
- 杜氏新光唇魚 Neolissochilus dukai (Day, 1878)
- 亨氏新光唇魚 Neolissochilus hendersoni
- 異口四鬚魮 Neolissochilus heterostomus
- 墨脫四鬚魮 Neolissochilus hexagonolepis :又稱小鱗光唇魚。
- Neolissochilus hexastichus
- 長翅新光唇魚 Neolissochilus longipinnis
- Neolissochilus namlenensis
- 黑紋新光唇魚 Neolissochilus nigrovittatus
- 少鱗新光唇魚 Neolissochilus paucisquamatus
- Neolissochilus pnar Dahanukar, Sundar, Rangad, Proudlove & Raghavan, 2023[24]
- 似丘新光唇魚 Neolissochilus soroides
- 大棘新光唇魚 Neolissochilus spinulosus
- 斯氏新光唇魚 Neolissochilus stevensonii
- 史氏新光唇魚 Neolissochilus stracheyi
- Neolissochilus subterraneus
- 蘇門答臘新光唇魚 Neolissochilus sumatranus :又稱蘇門答臘光唇魚。
- 蒂氏新光唇魚 Neolissochilus thienemanni
- 特氏新光唇魚 Neolissochilus tweediei
- 飾帶新光唇魚 Neolissochilus vittatus
- Nicholsicypris dorsohorizontalis
- 擬細鯽 Nicholsicypris normalis
- Opsaridium boweni
- 似鯷馬口波魚 Opsaridium engrauloides
- 勒氏馬口波魚 Opsaridium leleupi
- 洛氏馬口波魚 Opsaridium loveridgei
- 斑尾馬口波魚 Opsaridium maculicauda
- 小頭馬口波魚 Opsaridium microcephalum
- 小鱗馬口波魚 Opsaridium microlepis
- 佩氏馬口波魚 Opsaridium peringueyi
- Opsaridium splendens
- 馬拉威馬口波魚 Opsaridium tweddleorum
- 烏斑吉河馬口波魚 Opsaridium ubangense
- 馬口波魚 Opsaridium zambezense
- Opsarius cocsa
- 泰國真馬口波魚 Opsarius koratensis :又稱孟力臘𱆥、南尼低線鱲。
- 麗色低線鱲 Opsarius pulchellus
- 葡萄真馬口波魚 Opsarius putaoensis[25]]]
- 山魮 Oreichthys cosuatis :又稱庫爾格無鬚魮。
- Oreichthys crenuchoides
- Oreichthys parvus
- 嗜鰕截頜鯉 Ospatulus palaemophagus
- 截頜鯉 Ospatulus truncatulus
- 短背鰭紋唇魚 Osteochilichthys brevidorsalis
- 斯氏尖裸鯉 Oxygymnocypris stewartii (Lloyd, 1908),基異名:Schizopygopsis stewartii Lloyd, 1908
- 紅寶石微鯉 Paedocypris carbunculus
- 細小微鯉 Paedocypris micromegethes
- 微鯉 Paedocypris progenetica 是目前已知最小的魚種。
- Paleoschizothorax diluculum Yang, Liang, Cai, Chen, Han, Gu, Wang, Bao & Yan, 2022[26]
- 似刺鯿鮈 Paracanthobrama guichenoti Bleeker, 1864
- 尖副繐唇魮 Paracrossochilus acerus
- 飾帶副繐唇魮 Paracrossochilus vittatus
- 條紋似白鮈 Paraleucogobio strigatus
- Parapsilorhynchus discophorus
- 長身副裸吻魚 Parapsilorhynchus elongatus
- 普氏副裸吻魚 Parapsilorhynchus prateri
- Parapsilorhynchus swaini Baliarsingh & Kosygin, 2017[27]
- 觸角副裸吻魚 Parapsilorhynchus tentaculatus
- 台灣副細鯽 Pararasbora moltrechti
- 異華鯪 Parasinilabeo assimilis
- Parasinilabeo longibarbus
- 長體異華鯪 Parasinilabeo longicorpus
- 長鰭異華鯪 Parasinilabeo longiventralis
- Parasinilabeo maculatus
- Parasinilabeo microps
- 袋唇魚 Paraspinibarbus alloiopleurus
- 鯨形密耙魚 Pectenocypris balaena
- 密耙魚 Pectenocypris korthausae
- Pectenocypris micromysticetus
- Pectenocypris nigra Wibowo, Ahnelt & Kertamihardja, 2016[28]
- 安氏坑魚 Phreatichthys andruzzii
- Placogobio bacmeensis
- Placogobio nahangensis
- 扁咽齒魚 Platypharodon extremus
- 片唇鮈 Platysmacheilus exiguus
- 長鬚片唇鮈 Platysmacheilus longibarbatus
- 裸腹片唇鮈 Platysmacheilus nudiventris Lo, Yao et Chen[29]
- 鎮江片唇鮈 Platysmacheilus zhenjiangensis [29]
- Plesiopuntius bimaculatus ,原為Puntius bimaculatus[6]
- 穗鬚原魮 Probarbus jullieni
- 大唇原魮 Probarbus labeamajor
- 小唇原魮 Probarbus labeaminor
- 烏原鯉 Procypris merus
- 岩原鯉 Procypris rabaudi
- 黑前眼野鯪 Prolabeops melanhypoptera
- Prolabeops nyongensis
- 非洲擬魮 Pseudobarbus afer
- 糙擬魮 Pseudobarbus asper
- 擬魮 Pseudobarbus burchelli :又稱伯切爾氏魮。
- 伯氏擬魮 Pseudobarbus burgi
- 湧擬魮 Pseudobarbus phlegethon
- 夸氏擬魮 Pseudobarbus quathlambae
- 細擬魮 Pseudobarbus tenuis
- 巴馬擬纓魚 Pseudocrossocheilus bamaensis :又名巴馬繐唇䰾、巴馬穗唇魮
- 柳城擬纓魚 Pseudocrossocheilus liuchengensis
- Pseudocrossocheilus longibullus
- Pseudocrossocheilus nigrovittatus
- Pseudocrossocheilus papillolabrus
- 三齒擬纓魚 Pseudocrossocheilus tridentis :又名三齒華纓魚
- Pseudogobio banggiangensis
- 長吻似鮈 Pseudogobio esocinus
- 桂林似鮈 Pseudogobio guilinensis
- 似鮈 Pseudogobio vaillanti
- 長溝泉水魚 Pseudogyrinocheilus longisulcus Zheng, Chen et Yang, 2010[30]
- 泉水魚 Pseudogyrinocheilus prochilus
- 暗色擬扁吻鮈 Pseudopungtungia nigra
- 細擬扁吻鮈 Pseudopungtungia tenuicorpus
- 長麥穗魚 Pseudorasbora elongata
- 斷線麥穗魚 Pseudorasbora interrupta
- 麥穗魚 Pseudorasbora parva :又稱羅漢魚。
- 北方麥穗魚 Pseudorasbora pumila :又稱大麥穗魚。
- 靖西擬金線魮 Pseudosinocyclocheilus jinxiensis
- 卷口魚 Ptychidio jordani
- 長鬚卷口魚 Ptychidio longibarbus
- 大眼卷口魚 Ptychidio macrops
- 中甸葉鬚魚 Ptychobarbus chungtienensis :又稱中甸重唇魚。
- 錐吻葉鬚魚 Ptychobarbus conirostris :又稱錐吻重唇魚。
- 雙鬚葉鬚魚 Ptychobarbus dipogon :又稱雙鬚重唇魚。
- 裸腹葉鬚魚 Ptychobarbus kaznakovi :又稱裸腹重唇魚。
- 扁吻鮈 Pungtungia herzi
- Pungtungia hilgendorfi
- Pungtungia shiraii
- Puntigrus anchisporus (Vaillant, 1902)
- Puntigrus navjotsodhii (Tan, 2012)[31]
- Puntigrus partipentazona (Fowler, 1934)
- Puntigrus pulcher (Rendahl, 1922)
- Puntigrus tetrazona (Bleeker, 1855)
- 印尼魮鯉 Puntioplites bulu
- 鐮魮鯉 Puntioplites falcifer
- 魮鯉 Puntioplites proctozystron
- 爪哇魮鯉 Puntioplites waandersi
- Rasboroides nigromarginatus (Meinken, 1957)
- Rasboroides pallidus Deraniyagala, 1958[32]
- Rasboroides rohani Batuwita, de Silva & Edirisinghe, 2013[33]
- 珠點波魚 Rasboroides vaterifloris Deraniyagala, 1930[32]
- 污斑波魚 Rasbosoma spilocerca (Rainboth & Kottelat, 1987)
- 新耙波拉魚 Rastrineobola argentea
- Rectoris longifinus
- 瀘溪直口鯪 Rectoris luxiensis
- 變形直口鯪 Rectoris mutabilis
- 直口鯪 Rectoris posehensis
- 圓筒吻鮈 Rhinogobio cylindricus
- 湖南吻鮈 Rhinogobio hunanensis
- 大鼻吻鮈 Rhinogobio nasutus
- 吻鮈 Rhinogobio typus
- 長鰭吻鮈 Rhinogobio ventralis
- Rohanella titteya ,原為Puntius titteya[6]
- 小鱗羅塔魮 Rohteichthys microlepis
- Romanogobio albipinnatus
- 黃河羅馬諾鮈 Romanogobio amplexilabris
- Romanogobio antipai
- Romanogobio banaticus
- Romanogobio belingi
- Romanogobio benacensis
- Romanogobio ciscaucasicus
- Romanogobio elimeius
- 山西羅馬諾鮈 Romanogobio johntreadwelli
- Romanogobio kesslerii
- Romanogobio macropterus
- Romanogobio parvus
- Romanogobio pentatrichus
- Romanogobio persus
- Romanogobio skywalkeri Friedrich, Wiesner, Zangl, Daill, Freyhof & Koblmüller, 2018[34]
- Romanogobio tanaiticus
- 薄身羅馬諾鮈 Romanogobio tenuicorpus
- Romanogobio uranoscopus
- Romanogobio vladykovi
- 遼河突吻鮈 Rostrogobio liaohensis
- 恰拉庫德伊無鬚魮 Sahyadria chalakkudiensis
- 丹尼氏無鬚魮 Sahyadria denisonii
- 蛇鮈 Saurogobio dabryi
- 長蛇鮈 Saurogobio dumerili
- 細尾蛇鮈 Saurogobio gracilicaudatus
- 光唇蛇鮈 Saurogobio gymnocheilus
- 無斑蛇鮈 Saurogobio immaculatus
- 滑唇蛇鮈 Saurogobio lissilabris
- 湘江蛇鮈 Saurogobio xiangjiangensis
- 閃光鱥 Sawbwa resplendens Annandale, 1918
- 刺鰭鏟齒魚 Scaphiodonichthys acanthopterus
- Scaphiodonichthys burmanicus
- 長鰭白甲魚 Scaphiodonichthys macracanthus
- 曼谷類鏟頜魚 Scaphognathops bandanensis
- 斯氏類鏟頜魚 Scaphognathops stejnegeri
- Scaphognathops theunensis
- 印尼裂吻魚 Schismatorhynchos endecarhapis Siebert & Tjakrawidjaja, 1998
- 異裂吻魚 Schismatorhynchos heterorhynchos (Bleeker, 1854)
- 馬來亞裂吻魚 Schismatorhynchos holorhynchos Siebert & Tjakrawidjaja, 1998
- Schismatorhynchos lobocheilioides Bleeker, 1855
- 裂吻魚 Schismatorhynchos nukta (Sykes, 1839)
- Schizocypris altidorsalis
- Schizocypris altidorsalis
- 裂鯉 Schizocypris brucei
- 拉氏裂鯉 Schizocypris ladigesi
- 彎額準裂腹魚 Schizopyge curvifrons :又稱小髭準裂腹魚、長鰭準裂腹魚。
- Schizopyge dainellii
- 黑身準裂腹魚 Schizopyge niger :又稱平額腹魚。
- 前腹裸裂尻魚 Schizopygopsis anteriventris
- 柴達木裸裂尻魚 Schizopygopsis kessleri
- 嘉陵裸裂尻魚 Schizopygopsis kialingensis
- 軟刺裸裂尻魚 Schizopygopsis malacanthus
- 黃河裸裂尻魚 Schizopygopsis pylzovi
- 高原裸裂尻魚 Schizopygopsis stoliczkai
- 溫泉裸裂尻魚 Schizopygopsis thermalis
- 拉薩裸裂尻魚 Schizopygopsis younghusbandi
- 寶興裸裂尻魚 Schizopygopsis malacanthus baoxingensis
- 唇鯪 Semilabeo notabilis
- 暗唇鯪 Semilabeo obscurus
- Semiplotus cirrhosus
- Semiplotus manipurensis
- 緬甸半泳鯉 Semiplotus modestus
- 黃尾短吻魚 Sikukia flavicaudata
- 短吻魚 Sikukia gudgeri
- 長鬚短吻魚 Sikukia longibarbata
- 史氏短吻魚 Sikukia stejnegeri
- Sinilabeo binhluensis
- Sinilabeo brevirostris
- 似鯪華鯪 Sinilabeo cirrhinoides
- Sinilabeo hummeli
- 長鬚華鯪 Sinilabeo longibarbatus
- Sinilabeo longirostris
- 華纓魚 Sinocrossocheilus guizhouensis
- Sinocrossocheilus labiatus
- Sinocrossocheilus megalophthalmus
- 科氏骨尾魚 Snyderichthys copei
- Speolabeo hokhanhi Nguyen, Cao, Deng & Zhang, 2018[35]
- Speolabeo musaei (Kottelat & Steiner, 2011)[36]
- 斯普拉特鯉 Spratellicypris palata
- Spinibarbus babeensis
- 鋸齒倒刺魮 Spinibarbus denticulatus :又稱多鱗倒刺魮、雲南倒刺魮。
- 光倒刺魮 Spinibarbus hollandi :又稱何氏棘魞。
- Spinibarbus maensis
- Spinibarbus nammauensis
- Spinibarbus ovalius
- 中華倒刺魮 Spinibarbus sinensis
- Sundadanio atomus
- 阿氏波魚 Sundadanio axelrodi
- Sundadanio echinus
- Sundadanio margarition
- Sundadanio gargula
- Sundadanio goblinus
- Sundadanio rubellus
- Sundadanio retiarius
Tanichthys Lin, 1932,也稱鄧魚屬,
- 白腹唐魚 Tanichthys albiventris Li, Bohlen & Liao[37]
- 唐魚 Tanichthys albonubes S. Y. Lin, 1932,種名意為白雲,指其模式產地為白雲山。[37]
- 黃臀唐魚 Tanichthys flavianalis Li, Liao & Shen[37]
- 庫氏唐魚 Tanichthys kuehnei Bohlen, Dvorák, Thang & Šlechtová, 2019[38]
- 賢良江唐魚 Tanichthys micagemmae Freyhof & Herder, 2001
- Tanichthys thacbaensis Nguyen & Ngo, 2001
- 角魚 Tariqilabeo bicornis
- Tariqilabeo periyarensis
- 多鱗似鮪雅羅魚 Thynnichthys ploylepis
- 沙特似鮪雅羅魚 Thynnichthys sandkhol
- 似鮪雅羅魚 Thynnichthys thynnoides
- 瓦氏似鮪雅羅魚 Thynnichthys vaillanti
- 縱帶波魚 Trigonopoma gracile
- 紅線波魚 Trigonopoma pauciperforata :又稱捷波魚。
- 埃氏三角波魚 Trigonostigma espei (Meinken, 1967),伊氏波魚
- 亨氏三角波魚 Trigonostigma hengeli (Meinken, 1956),亨氏波魚
- 黑斑三角波魚 Trigonostigma heteromorpha (Duncker, 1904), 異形波魚
- 紅身三角波魚 Trigonostigma somphongsi (Meinken, 1958) ,宋氏波魚[39]
- 截形三角波魚 Trigonostigma truncata Tan, 2020
- Troglocyclocheilus khammouanensis Kottelat & Bréhier, 1999[40]
- 裸腹盲魮 Typhlobarbus nudiventris Chu & Chen, 1982[41]
- 盲墨頭魚 Typhlogarra widdowsoni
- 高鰭突吻魚 Varicorhinus altipinnis
- 安森氏突吻魚 Varicorhinus ansorgii
- Varicorhinus axelrodi
- 比索突吻魚 Varicorhinus beso
- 布氏突吻魚 Varicorhinus brauni
- 倣突吻魚 Varicorhinus capoetoides
- Varicorhinus clarkeae
- Varicorhinus dimidiatus
- 劍形突吻魚 Varicorhinus ensifer
- 纓突吻魚 Varicorhinus fimbriatus
- 兇突吻魚 Varicorhinus iphthimostoma
- 耶格氏突吻魚 Varicorhinus jaegeri
- Varicorhinus jubae
- 偏嘴突吻魚 Varicorhinus latirostris
- 李利突吻魚 Varicorhinus leleupanus
- 長背突吻魚 Varicorhinus longidorsalis
- 盧福突吻魚 Varicorhinus lufupensis
- 大鱗突吻魚 Varicorhinus macrolepidotus
- 瑪麗亞突吻魚 Varicorhinus mariae
- Varicorhinus maroccanus
- 南非突吻魚 Varicorhinus nelspruitensis
- 皮氏突吻魚 Varicorhinus pellegrini
- 平口突吻魚 Varicorhinus platystomus
- 品味突吻魚 Varicorhinus pungweensis
- Varicorhinus robertsi
- 盧安達突吻魚 Varicorhinus ruandae
- 魯氏突吻魚 Varicorhinus ruwenzorii
- 桑氏突吻魚 Varicorhinus sandersi
- 半網紋突吻魚 Varicorhinus semireticulatus
- 斯坦氏突吻魚 Varicorhinus steindachneri
- 直口突吻魚 Varicorhinus stenostoma
- 托尼氏突吻魚 Varicorhinus tornieri
- 烏奔突吻魚 Varicorhinus upembensis
- 尖嘴突吻魚 Varicorhinus varicostoma
- 沃納氏突吻魚 Varicorhinus werneri
- 威氏突吻魚 Varicorhinus wittei
- Varicorhinus xyrocheilus
- 洛氏奇鬚鯉 Xenobarbus loveridgei
- 異鰾鰍鮀 Xenophysogobio boulengeri
- 裸體異鰾鰍鮀 Xenophysogobio nudicorpa
- 鰩山鯉 Yaoshanicus arcus
- Yaoshanicus kyphus
本科魚為各國重要的垂釣種及養殖魚類,多數可食用,頗具經濟價值,是合各種烹飪方式。另外一些種類體色艷麗,適合做為觀賞魚。
本科魚類全部為淡水魚;不僅種類繁多,其分布也廣泛,各種水體皆有其分布。其食性也因魚種而不同,各種食性之魚種皆有。
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