非官方更新檔

非官方更新檔（unofficial patch）是由使用者社群而非原始開發者為一款軟體創作的非商業（英語：Non-commercial）修補程式。與普通的官方更新檔一樣，非官方更新檔一般也是為修復軟體缺陷或劣勢製作，而通常不會改變軟體的預期用法，這不同於第三方的軟體適配（例如遊戲模組或破解更新檔）。

非官方更新檔是一種通常經過全球資訊網傳播的使用者供應內容，可以被視作Web 2.0與重組文化（英語：remix culture）的一部分。

動機

建立非官方更新檔的一個常見原因是缺少軟體原作者或提供者的技術支援。一些潛在的原因是：

• 軟體產品已達預定的產品壽命並/或被其他產品取代（計劃報廢）^[1]
• 軟體最初是為另一個不同的環境設計，並且可以被改進/最佳化（移植）
• 開發者已經停產（老軟體）^[2]
• 官方支援所要求的經濟成本過高（例如對小市場的在地化）
• 對緊迫問題的快速解決方案（例如安全漏洞），如果官方回應過緩^[3][4][5]
• 官方開發人員無法解決此問題

類型

在電腦遊戲領域中，非官方更新檔最為常見，它們有時也被稱為愛好者更新檔（Fan patches），尤其是如果為一人獨自完成。社群中多名作者共同完成則一般稱為社群更新檔（Community Patch）。這些更新檔著眼典型程式流程中的關鍵錯誤，進行崩潰和相容性方面的修復，例如適配新版作業系統、增加解析度等。

雖然非官方更新檔常見於PC平台，但在主機遊戲中也有它們的存在，例如仿真社群中的交流。^[6]

翻譯

另一種非官方更新檔是愛好者翻譯（英語：Fan translation (video gaming)）（中國稱漢化更新檔）。愛好者將日本角色扮演遊戲（英語：Japanese role-playing game）翻譯為英語很是常見，因為這些遊戲通常不會為西方市場進行在地化。^[7][8]

還有一種非官方更新檔是更新檔集，是將官方的零散更新檔匯總整合，以便安裝使用。

方法

最常見的情況是沒有軟體的原始碼和原開發工具。因此，可能只得在執行期以逆向工程和除錯方法分析缺陷軟體的二進制檔案，找到問題所在後再設法進行修復。有時解決問題只需修改設定檔或登錄檔，而有時則需對二進制檔案或可執行檔進行修改才能解決檔案。如果有軟體開發套件（例如Mod系統）可用，修復更新檔的製作可能會更為容易，否則就需要自己使用工具（例如NSIS、Innosetup）打包給使用者使用的修補程式。

如果可以獲得原始碼，則或許能更有效地解決缺陷。有時原始碼已獲公開發布，而有時是從原始碼洩露（英語：Source code leak）^[9][10][11]或失誤^[12]得來，例如《Thief（英語：Thief (series)）》系列遊戲引擎的洩露事件。^[13][14]有時遊戲粉絲甚至對原始程式進行完全的反向工程（英語：Game engine recreation#Bottom up）。^[15]

法律

雖然直接涉及非官方更新檔的法庭案件不常見，但歷史上有過類似的案件^[16]。

已隱藏部分未翻譯內容，歡迎參與翻譯。

Galoob v. Nintendo（英語：Galoob v. Nintendo） found that it was not 盜版 by a user to apply an unauthorized patch to a system (while the scope was very specific to the Game Genie（英語：Game Genie）). On the other hand, the case Micro Star v. FormGen Inc.（英語：Micro Star v. FormGen Inc.） found that user-generated maps were 衍生作品s of the original game. In SEGA訴Accolade案, the 美國聯邦第九巡迴上訴法院 held that making copies in the course of 逆向工程 is a fair use, when it is the only way to get access to the "ideas and functional elements" in the copyrighted code, and when "there is a legitimate reason for seeking such access". According to 美國著作權法 17 U.S. Code § 117, the owner of a copy of a program can modify it as necessary for "Maintenance or Repair",^[17] without permission from the copyright holder; an argumentation also raised by Daniel J. Bernstein professor at the 伊利諾大學芝加哥分校.^[18] Similar user rights are given also according to European copyright laws. The question if and which copyright holder unauthorized changes of lawfully obtained software are fair and beneficial, is a long-standing debate among academic scholars.^[19] An article of Helbraun law firm remarks in the context of fan translations that redistributing complete games with adaptions most likely does not fall under fair use, but in patch form it might fall under fair use, while this was never tested in court.^[20]

反響

對非官方更新檔的存在各方褒貶不一，很多著作權持有人對此十分矛盾。^[21][22]對於非官方更新檔和粉絲翻譯的專案，很少出現停止並終止的要求。^[23][24]

有時著作權持有者還會主動支援軟體社群的更新檔和修復工作，少數情況下甚至可以以某個軟體許可證發布原始碼來允許軟體社群繼續進行軟體支援工作。^{[25][26][27][28][29]}

1980年代出現的自由及開放原始碼軟體運動有助解決非官方更新檔的根本問題，避免使用者因缺少原始碼而無法對僅二進制分發的軟體進行自行支援。自由及開放原始碼軟體對原始碼可用性的要求能防止對專有軟體的二進制檔案打更新檔時可能遇到的技術和法律問題。

電子遊戲中的例子

遊戲	類型
源毒	缺陷修復更新檔[30]
Arcanum: Of Steamworks and Magick Obscura	缺陷修復更新檔[31]、愛好者翻譯
終極戰區II：戰鬥指揮官	缺陷修復更新檔[32][33][34]
文明帝國IV	修復缺陷及擴充[35]（有SDK原始碼[36][37]，可訪問XML配備及Python檔案）[38]
超時空之鑰	愛好者翻譯、缺陷修復更新檔[39]
終極動員令 (1995年遊戲)	缺陷修復更新檔、解析度修復，添加語言套件支援[40][41][42]
上古卷軸II：匕首雨	缺陷修復更新檔[43]、愛好者翻譯
黑暗靈魂II	修復缺陷[44]
Deadly Premonition: The Director's Cut	解析度修復[45]
Ecco the Dolphin（英語：Ecco the Dolphin）	修復缺陷，為新版系統移植[46][47]
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial	修復缺陷[48][49]
異塵餘生2	缺陷修復更新檔[50] 、解析度修復
異塵餘生4	缺陷修復更新檔[51][52][53]
自由槍騎兵	缺陷修復更新檔[54]
Galactic Civilizations II（英語：Galactic Civilizations II）	指令碼更正，資料庫錯誤更正，引擎修復[55]
Gothic 3（英語：Gothic 3）	缺陷修復更新檔[56][28][57]
BioWare（柏德之門系列，冰風之谷等）	缺陷修復更新檔、解析度修復[58]
Jagged Alliance 2（英語：Jagged Alliance 2）（現為JA2-Stracciatella）	缺陷修復更新檔, 解析度修復，移植[59][60][61][62][63][64]
Legacy of Kain（英語：Legacy of Kain）系列	缺陷修復更新檔[65][66][67]
LucasArts冒險遊戲（猴島小英雄系列、聖戰奇兵等）	愛好者翻譯[68]
Master of Magic（英語：Master of Magic）	愛好者更新檔[69][70][71]
Master of Orion 3（英語：Master of Orion 3）	愛好者翻譯[72]、修復缺陷
我的世界	愛好者修復被採納到最新更新檔[73][74][75]
MVP Baseball 2005（英語：MVP Baseball 2005）	修復，繼續支援[76][77][78]
Nuclear Throne（英語：Nuclear Throne）	合作模式修復與增強[79][80]
The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim	缺陷修復更新檔[81][82]、翻譯修正[83]
Rollcage（英語：Rollcage (video game)）	缺陷修復更新檔[84]
Silent Hunter II（英語：Silent Hunter II） / 驅逐艦指揮官	缺陷修復更新檔（Ubisoft原始碼協助）[85][86][87][88]
星海遊俠系列	愛好者翻譯[7]
Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic II – The Sith Lords	修復缺陷[89][90]、恢復內容、[91]支援寬熒幕[92]
最高指揮官	缺陷修復、多使用者用戶端及替代伺服器（私人伺服器）[93][94][95][96]
Dark Engine（英語：Dark Engine） (神偷：暗黑計劃、神偷II：金屬時代、System Shock 2（英語：System Shock 2）)	缺陷修復更新檔[13][14][97]
泰坦之旅	缺陷修復更新檔[98][99]
Ultima series	缺陷修復更新檔[100]、愛好者翻譯
創世紀IV：聖者傳奇	缺陷修復更新檔、易主[101][102]
Vampire: The Masquerade – Bloodlines	缺陷修復更新檔，恢復內容，寬熒幕和現代作業系統支援[103][104][105]
Xenonauts（英語：Xenonauts）	缺陷修復更新檔和繼續支援[106][107]

普通軟體中的例子

軟體	類型
3dfx Interactive驅動程式	驅動程式修復，繼續支援[108][109]
Adobe Acrobat	快速安全修復[110]
Socket 7 主機板的Award（英語：Award Software） BIOS	支援超過32GB的硬碟、支援AMD K6-2/3+[111][112][113]
Java	快速安全修復[114]
Windows 7、Windows 8	解鎖硬體支援[115]
Windows 98	Slipstream更新檔、缺陷修復更新檔[116][117]、支援超過137GB的硬碟、[118]支援2k API[119][120][121]
Windows XP	更新包[122][123]
Internet Explorer	快速安全修復[124]
輝達 NVIDIA nForce 晶片組 驅動程式	在較新Windows作業系統上支援舊款晶片組[125][126][127]
Palm Pre	功能擴充[128]
WMF格式	快速安全修復[3][4][5]
Windows URI問題	快速安全修復[129]
MacOS 10.3	夏時制更新檔[130]

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46. Ecco PC - Fixed and Enhanced Edition （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） on orcaserver.de
47. True Fan Hack Stories: Ecco PC Fixed & Enhanced Edition （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） on radiosega.net (August 2014)
48. Baumgärtel, Tilman. Timothy Leary, der Games-Entwickler - Wie erhält man historische Computerspiele? Das Internet-Archive streamt Dutzende Klassiker. Die Zeit. 2013-11-14 [2013-11-14]. （原始內容存檔於2013-12-08） （德語）. Beim Internet Archive ist nun nicht nur das Originalspiel [E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial] von 1982 zu finden, sondern auch eine Version, die seine schlimmsten Programmierfehler korrigiert.
49. Fixing E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial for the Atari 2600. Neocomputer. 2013-02-01 [2013-04-16]. （原始內容存檔於2013-04-08）.
50. Sines, Shawn. Fallout 2 Restoration Project. gamefront.com. 2008-01-08 [2011-04-03]. （原始內容存檔於2013-10-13）.
51. Fallout 4's unofficial patch nukes dozens of bugs （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） by Christopher Livingston on PC Gamer (April 24, 2016)
52. Fallout 4's Unofficial Patch Tries To Fix Everything Bethesda Can't （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） on Kotaku.au by Alex Walker (Apr 26, 2016)
53. Chalk, Andy. Fallout 4 Unofficial Patch runs into a bug even it cannot fix. PC Gamer. 2016-07-11 [2017-06-06]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-20）.
54. Reindl, Walter. Freelancer - Großer Community-Patch erschienen. gamestar.de（英語：GameStar）. 2004-06-29 [2011-04-03]. （原始內容存檔於2017-04-16） （德語）.
55. Community-based update to GalCiv 2 Ultimate Edition （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） by MarvinKosh on September 25, 2014
56. Sebayang, Andreas. Gothic 3 Community Patch soll fast alle Fehler beheben - mehr als 700 Veränderungen im letzten Community Patch. Golem.de. 2009-03-23 [2011-04-03]. （原始內容存檔於2013-01-22） （德語）.
57. Zandr. Release Gothic 3 v1.75 Update Pack. worldofplayers.de. 2014-04-20 [2014-09-02]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-21）. a new Gothic 3 Enhanced Edition v1.75 Update Pack (International)
58. Bradshaw, Dave. Baldur's Gate II Fixpack. gibberlings3.net. 2011-11-25 [2012-02-03]. （原始內容存檔於2018-12-15）. The BG2 Fixpack is a WeiDU compilation of fixes for Baldur's Gate II. […] This collaborative effort, including the work of modders from several different modding communities and assistance from BG2 lead writer David Gaider, has resulted in a fixpack that currently includes all of the fixes addressed by Baldurdash (including the Game Text Update) and several hundred new bugfixes. The project is ongoing, and we're working through a substantial list of bugs culled from various sites, the old Baldurdash forums, and our own research.
59. Ancheta, Justin. Bringing Good Old Games To Modern Macs. Inside Mac Games（英語：Inside Mac Games）. 2012-06-01 [2014-03-29]. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-08）. Jagged Alliance 2 [...] and maintains both a tutorial for getting GOG games to run on Mac OS X, and a list of games he has personally tested to work on Mac OS X through CrossOver, Wineskin, and open source ports.
60. Mac Friendly GOG Games （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） Jagged Alliance 2 [...] Source ports available at: http://ja2.monkeyphysics.com/home/osx （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, and at https://bitbucket.org/gennady/ja2-stracciatella/downloads （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）存档副本. [2017-11-25]. 原始內容存檔於2021-01-24.
61. OSX Stracciatella Port. [2017-11-25]. （原始內容存檔於2012-01-06）.
62. JA2 Stracciatella Feedback » Jagged Alliance 2 Android Stracciatella Port RC2 Release - please test 網際網路檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2012-10-23. on the Bear's Pit Forum, October 3, 2011
63. ja2-stracciatella （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） on bitbucket.org
64. Gennady. JA2-Stracciatella Continued. www.ja-galaxy-forum.com. 2013-03-04 [2013-03-22]. （原始內容存檔於2013-05-06）. Update 2013-03-13: Added support for high video resolutions. For example, game can be started in 1024x768 mode like this: ja2.exe -res 1024x768. Any reasonable resolution should work. Some bugfixes from this forum have been integrated. [...]
65. Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver - XP-Patch. pcgames.de. 2004-02-12 [2011-07-17]. （原始內容存檔於2014-08-10） （德語）.
66. Raul, Cuban. Blood Omen: Legacy of Kain 2000/XP Update v2.0. comcast.net. 2009-11-29 [2011-07-17]. （原始內容存檔於2011-09-04）.
67. wrace. Bink-support for BO1 (Video-Patch). nosgothica.org. 2010-12-03 [2011-07-17]. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-08）. […]now you can play in BO1 under Windows-7 without any problems with video.
68. Gantner, Michael. Lucasarts-Patches. la-patches.gandimann.de. 2010-12-23 [2011-05-28]. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-07） （德語）.
69. Robert Stiehl. Master of Magic: Fanpatch behebt KI-Mängel. gamersglobal.de. June 8, 2010 [2016-07-15]. （原始內容存檔於2020-07-31）.
70. kyrub. MoM insecticide patch (latest version) - 28/06/2012 Latest version here: MoM unofficial patch 1.40n. realmsbeyond.net. 2011-10-24 [2012-07-14]. （原始內容存檔於2020-11-11）. What the Insecticide patch is all about? to make the MoM game as bug-free and as AI-challenging and as user-friendly as possible without modifying the content. The patch now features more than 200 bug-fixes, AI improvements and interface changes.
71. New year, New Master of Magic! v1.5 fan patch （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） on realmsbeyond.net
72. Wiesner, Thorsten. Deutsche Fan-Übersetzung zu Master of Orion 3 ist fertig. golem.de. 2003-09-10 [2011-04-03]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-18） （德語）.
73. ZipCode: Endportal Malfunction (Fixed Version: 1.6). [2017-11-25]. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-13）.
74. ZipCode: Netherportal Malfunction (Fixed in 1.7). [2017-11-25]. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-13）.
75. ZipCode: Inconsistent Timing Bug (Fixed in 1.8). [2017-11-25]. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-13）.
76. Nine Years Later, Latin America's Leagues Keep MVP Baseball Alive （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） on Kotaku by Owen Good (12/22/13)
77. Lindbergh, Ben. ‘MVP Baseball … 2015’? How the Best Baseball Video Game Ever Has Refused to Retire for 10 Years. Grantland.com（英語：Grantland.com）. April 14, 2015 [2017-11-25]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-21）. Another factor in MVP’s favor: The game allows greater access to its innards than most titles. [...] 2K’s failure to match MVP’s approval rating despite several years of running unopposed on the PC market, made MVP the go-to game for modders even as it lost its looks relative to 2K and The Show. The community’s support peaked from 2005 through the first PC edition of 2K in 2009, tailed off for a time, and then ramped up again once Take-Two abandoned the PC market in 2013 and canceled 2K entirely last year. A decade of EA development made MVP the best baseball game on the PC market in 2005, and a decade of amateur development has helped it keep that title in 2015.
78. Open-Source-Breathes-New-Life-Into-MVP-Baseball-2005-Video-Game （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） on protecode.com by Sara Purdon (on Sep 15, 2015)
79. O'Connor, Alice. Nuclear Throne Mod Adds Online Co-op. Rock, Paper, Shotgun. 2016-06-25 [2017-01-05]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-21）.
80. Fenlon, Wes. Nuclear Throne online co-op mod is just as fast and deadly as playing offline. PC Gamer. 2016-06-27 [2017-01-05]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-20）.
81. Sharkey, Mike. Unofficial Skyrim Patch Fixes Myriad Skyrim Bugs - Fan created uber patch designed to fix Skyrim's many problems.. gamespy.com. 2012-03-14 [2012-12-22]. （原始內容存檔於2012-11-19）.
82. Quarn and Kivan. Unofficial Skyrim Patch Version: 1.3.3c. nexumods.com. 2013-08-20 [2013-10-03]. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-07）. [...]the goal of the Unofficial Skyrim Patch (aka USKP) is to eventually fix every bug with Skyrim not officially resolved by the developers [...]Hundreds of gameplay, quest, NPC, object, item, text and placement bugs fixed already
83. Skyrim - Director's Cut. scharesoft.de. [2012-12-22]. （原始內容存檔於2012-11-13） （德語）. Die Erweiterung Skyrim - Director's Cut hat es sich zum Ziel gemacht, die deutsche Version von The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim so gut es geht zu verbessern. Vorrangig geht es darum, fehlende Übersetzungen nachzuholen und Texte und Begriffe so anzupassen, dass sie auch zu den vorherigen Teilen der Reihe passen. Mit dem beiliegenden inoffiziellen Skyrim-Patch werden zudem eine Vielzahl Fehler des eigentlichen Spiels, die die offiziellen Patches noch nicht korrigiert haben, behoben. Mit der Erweiterung könnt ihr außerdem alle englischsprachigen Texturen nun in deutscher Sprache vorfinden.
84. Luke Reilly. Rollcage Spiritual Successor Grip Is a Blast from PlayStation’s Forgotten Past. ign.com. 2015-11-30 [2017-11-25]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-27）. former Attention to Detail programmer Robert Baker, who also still had a candle burning for Rollcage. Baker had been contacted by hardcore Rollcage fans asking for his help to keep Rollcage running on drastically newer PC hardware, 15 years down the track. 「I can’t speak for other developers, but for myself, I’ve worked on a dozen games and Rollcage is the only game that I’ve personally supported after release,」 says Baker. 「I don’t hold the source code to many games as that belongs to the company that develops these games of course, but Rollcage was a bit different.」
85. Trotter, William. Submarine marries Destroyer: The long vaunted union of SSI naval-sims is complete - thanks to fans.. PC Gamer. May 1, 2003 [2017-05-06]. （原始內容存檔於2016-06-10）. gave source code to subsim（英語：subsim）.com [...] a fund raising drive netted more than $7000 to jump-start Project Messerwetzer [...] Skilled volunteers and playtesters rallied to the call [...] a free 5MB to 6MB patch that will be finally polished and playtested. The original crippling flaw, multiplayer instability, has been dramatically minimized
86. Scott Parrino. Behind the LInes #5. The Wargamer（英語：The Wargamer (website)）. 24 May 2003 [2017-05-06]. （原始內容存檔於2005年11月30日）. Subsim Review served as the gathering place for Projekt Messerwetzer, the project that brought Silent Hunter II - Destroyer Command computability to full fruition
87. Projekt Messerwetzer （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） "Silent Hunter II/Destroyer Command DirectPlay, Conversion and Multiplayer Upgrade, THIS UNOFFICIAL PATCH IS AUTHORIZED BY UBISOFT, HOWEVER, UBISOFT OFFERS NO SUPPORT." on subsim.com
88. PM_Readme （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） on subsim（英語：subsim）
89. Thompson, Michael. Fan-restored KOTOR II content creates refined, expanded game KOTOR II wasn't the most complete Star Wars title ever released, due to an …. Ars Technica. 2009-10-06 [2013-09-05]. （原始內容存檔於2012-04-22）. After years of development, the cut content has been finally restored and the most of the bugs have been fixed, thanks to a project known as known as the "Restored Content Mod.
90. Grayson, Nathan. Get These: KOTOR 2 And Its Restored Content Mod. Rock, Paper, Shotgun. 2012-08-24 [2013-09-05]. （原始內容存檔於2012-08-25）. On top of that, the mod fixes 「over 500″ bugs, because Obsidian, basically.
91. Wilde, Tyler. Community heroes: modders debug and restore cut content in Knights of the Old Republic II. PC Gamer. 2012-07-26 [2012-09-26]. （原始內容存檔於2014-07-13）.
92. Tsai, Andrew. The Fixer: How To Restore Knights of the Old Republic II. Rock, Paper, Shotgun. 2013-01-03 [2013-01-28]. （原始內容存檔於2013-01-06）.
93. GPGNet Services Update 2 (GPGnet has been shutdown) 網際網路檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2014-12-19. on gaspowered.com
94. PC gamer pod cast 87. [2013-08-25]. （原始內容存檔於2013-11-03）.
95. Hafer, T.J. Community-made Forged Alliance Forever keeps Supreme Commander multiplayer alive. PC Gamer. 2012-11-19 [2014-08-28]. （原始內容存檔於2014-09-03）. The official multiplayer servers for Supreme Commander: Forged Alliance have been decommissioned for a while now, but fortunately [...] the community-driven Forged Alliance Forever has emerged. The self-patching multiplayer client allows players of the epic real-time strategy title to continue blowing things up in massive quantities. It even adds new units, a new faction, and some game modes that weren't available on the official servers, such as 6v6.
96. You're in charge! - From vital patches to game cancellations, players are often intimately involved. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） by Christian Donlan on Eurogamer "The same thing happened at the end of last year, actually, when Supreme Commander fans released Forged Alliance Forever and gave the game the online client it could otherwise only dream of. I haven't played it much, but I still got a tear in my eye when I read about the extents these coders had gone to. There's nothing quite so wonderful to witness as love, and this is surely love of the very purest order." (2013-11-02)
97. fans-rework-homeworld-2-system-shock-and-thief-2 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） on Eurogamer (2012-09-26)
98. yerkyerk. Titan Quest 缺陷修复补丁 1.17a. titanquest.net. 2009-06-03 [2012-07-27]. （原始內容存檔於2012-04-06）.
99. spectre. (REL) Patchfix for Fanpatch 1.17 (v1.17c). titanquest.net. 2012-02-06 [2014-09-21]. （原始內容存檔於2012-07-01）.
100. Voyager. Ultima The Reconstruction - Fanpatches. reconstruction.voyd.net. 2007-04-08 [2011-05-28]. （原始內容存檔於2013-05-11）.
101. Ultima IV Remastered v2.2.1 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） by Per Olofsson (29 May 2015)
102. u4remastered （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） on GitHub
103. Neuhaus, Hanno. Vampire 2: Bloodlines - Community-Patch 7.2 zum Download. gamestar.de（英語：GameStar）. 2010-11-12 [2011-04-03]. （原始內容存檔於2016-12-28） （德語）.
104. Meer, Alec. Undying: Vampire Bloodlines Patched Anew. rockpapershotgun.com. 2011-07-15 [2011-08-02]. （原始內容存檔於2014-07-12）. Bloodlines […] was essentially abandoned by its publisher after its developer closed a few months after release, but the fans have just kept on going, fixing things, improving things, digging up locked away extra content […]
105. Haas, Pete. Vampire: The Masquerade - Bloodlines Still Getting Patches. GAMING BLEND. 2009-07-03 [2012-01-07]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-19）.
106. Community Coder Program!. goldhawkinteractive. [2015-07-09]. （原始內容存檔於2015-07-10）.
107. What is Xenonauts: Community Edition & how do I get it?. goldhawkinteractive.com. [2015-07-09]. （原始內容存檔於2015-07-10）.
108. Treiber-Quellcode von 3dfx im Netz aufgetaucht - Von Nvidia offenbar geduldet （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） by Christian Klaß on Golem.de (7 May 2003, in German)
109. NuAngel.net Drivers （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） on nuangel.net
110. Leyden, John. Unofficial patch plugs 0-day Adobe security vuln. - Mind the gap. The Register. 2009-02-24 [2013-07-09]. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-22）. Updated Security researchers have developed an unofficial patch for a zero-day Adobe Acrobat and Reader vulnerability that's become the subject of hacker attacks. Adobe acknowledged the vulnerability last week but said an official patch wouldn't be available until 11 March.
111. These BIOSes are fixed to support HDDs over 32GB (up to 64GB) or over 64GB (up to 128GB) and are tested to work. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） by Ondrej Zary on rainbow-software.org
112. Award BIOS Modifications （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） by Petr Soucek on ryston.cz
113. K6plus （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） by Jan Steunebrink on inter.nl.net
114. Kaplan, Dan. New Java exploit on the loose, unofficial patch may help. scmagazine.com. 2012-08-27 [2013-07-09]. （原始內容存檔於2016-05-23）.
115. DLL patch unlocks Windows 7, 8.1 updates on Ryzen, Kaby Lake （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） by Gareth Halfacree on bit-tech.com (19th April 2017)
116. Dirscherl, Hans-Christian. Nicht tot zu kriegen: Win 98 Service Pack 2.1. PCWelt.de. 2005-11-29 [2011-04-06]. （原始內容存檔於2013-10-12） （德語）.
117. Kuhbach, Sebastian. Inoffizielles Win98 SE Service Pack - neue Version. winfuture.de. 2005-08-04 [2011-04-06]. （原始內容存檔於2011-05-02） （德語）.
118. 48-bit LBA Tools & Drivers. fryeware.com. 2005 [2011-04-06]. （原始內容存檔於2011-06-09）. Win98: Enable 48-bit LBA patch for Windows 98 posted on MSFN.ORG - Implements 48-bit LBA support into Windows 98's default IDE driver to support hard drives larger than 137GB.
119. Turner, Neil. Resurrecting a dead OS with KernelEx. Neil Turner's blog. 2010-05-17 [2011-04-06]. （原始內容存檔於2013-01-30）.
120. KernelEx by xeno86 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） SourceForge.net
121. Tiensivu, Aaron. KernelEx - run XP/2K apps on Win98 and WinME. Aaron Tiensivu's Blog. tiensivu.com. 2009-04-09 [2011-04-06]. （原始內容存檔於2010-12-10）. This is a fascinating project from a technical standpoint. They are implementing missing API calls used by newer applications that are missing from Windows 98 and Windows ME.
122. Vahldiek, Axel. Microsoft geht gegen unautorisierte Update-Packs vor. heise online（英語：heise online）. 2007-03-20 [2011-04-06] （德語）.
123. Inoffizielle Patch-Pakete für Windows 2000 und XP (Update). Golem.de（英語：Golem.de）. 2005-11-10 [2011-04-06]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-19） （德語）.
124. Another unofficial IE patch offered to counter critical flaw. Computer Weekly. 2006-03-30 [2013-07-09]. （原始內容存檔於2021-05-02）. Another unofficial patch has been released to counter a critical flaw in Microsoft’s Internet Explorer browser.
125. Abazovic, Fuad. Nvidia cuts Vista support for Nforce 2 chipset - Fare thee well, old friend. www.theinquirer.net. 2006-11-17 [2011-05-28]. （原始內容存檔於2009-09-18）.
126. Fernando. XP: Optimized nForce Driver Packs. 2011-02-07 [2011-05-28]. （原始內容存檔於2012-11-23）. Many users with an nForce chipset mainboard, who are running or going to install Windows XP (32/64bit), are searching for actual nForce chipset drivers, which are suitable for their special chipset and will give them the best possible performance and stability of their system. NVIDIA itself doesn't offer them.
127. AdvModDev. nForce 123/WinXP Chipset Drivers and Remixes. 2008-01-13 [2011-05-28]. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-21）.
128. Unofficial patch lets you hang up Palm Pre calls by closing the slider （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） on Engadget by Donald Melanson (10.19.09)
129. Barwise, Mike. Unofficial patch for Windows URI problem. The H Security. 2007-10-16 [2012-01-29]. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-29）.
130. Kennedy, Erik. An unofficial Daylight Saving Time fix for Mac OS X 10.3. Ars Technica. 2007-01-28 [2012-01-29]. （原始內容存檔於2012-01-01）.