In the US, 17 U.S.C. § 106(2) protects derivative works. For the UK, see UK （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） Copyright Service, "Fact Sheet P-22: Derivative works" (Last updated: 10th December 2012). French law protects derivative works as "œuvres composites" or as 「une œuvre dérivée.」 See Article L. 112–13 of the French Intellectual Property Code (CODE DE LA PROPRIÉTÉ INTELLECTUELLE, Art. L.112–13). The German Copyright Act, UrhG, sec. 3, 23, and 69c No. 2, protects translations (Übersetzungen) and other adaptations (andere Bearbeitungen), as well as other types of elaborations such as dramatizations, orchestrations, and new versions of works. In Spain, Art.11 TRLPI grants protection to derivative works such as translations, adaptations, revisions, musical arrangements and any transformation of a literary, artistic, or scientific work. Art. 4 of the Italian Copyright Act affords protection to creative elaborations of works, such as
translations in another language, transformations from a literary or artistic form into another one,
modifications or additions that constitute a substantial remake of the original work, adaptations, 「reductions」 (intended as shorter versions of protected works), compendia, and variations which do not constitute original works. In the Netherlands, Article 10-2 of the Dutch Copyright Act states that reproductions in a modified form of a work of literature, science or art, such as translations, musical arrangements, adaptations, and other
elaborations, can be protected as original, without prejudice to the primary work.
The Berne Convention, Art. 2, § 3 states: 「Translations, adaptations, arrangements of music and other alterations of a literary or artistic work shall be protected as original works without prejudice to the copyright of the original work.」 This provision is incorporated into the TRIPS Agreement.
For a comparison of different countries' regimes for protecting derivative works, see Daniel Gervais, The Derivative Right, or Why Copyright Law Protects Foxes Better than Hedgehogs, 15 VANDERBILT （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） J. OF ENT. AND TECH. LAW 785 2013; Institute （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） for Information Law, Univ. of Amsterdam, The digitisation of cultural heritage: originality, derivative works, and (non) original photographs.
