緩衝國(英語:Buffer State)是夾在兩個對立的或潛在敵對的強權國家之間的國家,並通過它的存在來避免兩國之間的衝突。[1]
緩衝國通常的特徵便是中立且弱小的,因而靠著其他國家互相制衡來獲得獨立,通常滿足兩大(或三大)強權的利益而作為其獨立的存在,如果某一強權勢衰落則可能無法維持獨立會因而被另一強權併吞。
有研究表明,緩衝國和其他非緩衝國相比更容易被入侵。[2]這是因為緩衝國周邊存在著大國及強權,地理位置非常兇險。而周圍的大國也面對著對緩衝國的控制問題,需要時刻提防緩衝國倒向對手一方,而非緩衝國就不會面對諸如此類問題。[2]
武威市涼州文化研究院. 武威唐代吐谷渾王族墓葬群研究. 涼州文化網. 2024-05-19 [2024-08-06]. (原始內容存檔於2024-08-06).
段玉明.大理國的朝貢及其影響[J].學術探索,2016(01):106-112.
久米崇聖會. 琉球王國與久米村的衰亡. 洞悉琉球王國 久米至聖廟. 2023.12.14 [2024-08-10]. (原始內容存檔於2024-08-09).
Pholsena, Vatthana. LAOS, From Buffer State to Crossroads. Silkworm Books. 2007. ISBN 978-9749480502.
Macgregor, John. Through the Buffer State : Travels in Borneo, Siam, Cambodia, Malaya and Burma. White Lotus Co Ltd; 2 edition. 1994. ISBN 978-9748496252.
Alan Wood, "The Revolution and Civil War in Siberia," in Edward Acton, Vladimir Iu. Cherniaev, and William G. Rosenberg (eds.), Critical Companion to the Russian Revolution, 1914–1921. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1997; pp. 716–717.
George Jackson and Robert Devlin (eds.), Dictionary of the Russian Revolution. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1989; pp. 223–225.
The World Today; Bhutan and Sikkim: Two Buffer States Vol. 15, No. 12. Royal Institute of International Affairs. 1959: 492–500.
Cory, Stephen. Reviving the Islamic Caliphate in Early Modern Morocco. Routledge. 2016: 36–37. ISBN 9781317063438.
Ingrao, C. (2022). The Habsburg Empire under siege: Ottoman expansion and Hungarian revolt in the age of Grand Vizier Ahmed Köprülü (1661–76): by Georg B. Michels, Montreal, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2021, x + 603 pp., $85.00 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-228-00575-9. Canadian Slavonic Papers, 64(2–3), 386–387. https://doi.org/10.1080/00085006.2022.2105507