越南國家銀行原由越南民主共和國(即越戰中的北越政權)於1951年5月6日創立,當時原名稱為「Ngân hàng Quốc gia Việt Nam/銀行國家越南」(Vietnam National Bank),[9]後於1961年10月26日正式將名稱改為「Ngân hàng Nhà nước Việt Nam」(State Bank of Vietnam)。[10]「Nhà nước」與「Quốc gia」兩詞彙在越南語中有著不同側重的含義,「Nhà nước」一般指國家的政府機構,「Quốc gia」則指國家作為一個整體。[11]因此「Ngân hàng Quốc gia Việt Nam」此名稱現在於越南語中一般是指南越所建立的越南國家銀行。[12]
然而不久後1946年12月第一次印度支那戰爭爆發,越南民主共和國全國進入戰時經濟狀態,政府分別成立了三個貨幣區發行各自區域的貨幣。1947年2月3日越南第一家信貸機構「生產信貸辦公室」(越南語:Nha tín dụng sản xuất/衙信用產出)成立,開始為農村地區和集體企業的生產提供資金支持[16]。
1951年2月越南共產黨第二次全國代表大會(越南語:Đại hội Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam II)召開,會議提出了新的經濟和金融政策,並決定準備設立越南國家銀行發行新貨幣以穩定貨幣政策[17]。後於1951年5月6日,依據胡志明主席頒布的《第15/SL法令》(Sắc lệnh số 15/SL ngày 6-5-1951)越南國家銀行(越南語:Ngân hàng Quốc gia Việt Nam/銀行國家越南?,英語:Vietnam National Bank,簡稱VNB)正式創立[3][18]。總部設於宣光省占化縣[19]。
第一次印度支那戰爭末期,1954年7月20日日內瓦會議召開,決定越南實行南北分治[20]。分治後越南國家銀行開始逐步銷毀從新解放區繳獲的敵方貨幣[21]。1959年,越共中央委員會決定武裝統一南方,越南戰爭爆發。1961年10月26日越南國家銀行從「Ngân hàng Quốc gia Việt Nam」(Vietnam National Bank,VNB)更名為「Ngân hàng Nhà nước Việt Nam」(State Bank of Vietnam,SBV)[22][21]。
自南北分治後到1964年底期間,越南國家銀行逐步同來自41個國家的265家銀行發展了合作關係。同時期在國家銀行主導下成立了越南建設銀行(越南語:Ngân hàng Kiến thiết Việt Nam/銀行建設越南?)和越南外貿銀行(越南語:Ngân hàng Ngoại thương Việt Nam/銀行外商越南?)[23]。
1976年7月南越行政機構併入北越,越南正式統一,越南社會主義共和國成立。此時南越的越南國家銀行亦正式從組織規劃上併入北方的越南國家銀行。為了正式開始統一全國貨幣,1978年4月1日越共中央政治局發佈了《第08號決議》(Nghị quyết số 08/NQ-TW),越南國家銀行依決議於同年5月5日開始發行新鈔票並回收全國舊鈔票[27]。
1986年,越共更換領導層後,逐步改變其經濟政策,學習市場經濟和對外開放投資的模式,開始革新開放。1990年5月越南國會批准了兩個銀行條例,越南的銀行體系進入了一個全面轉型的時期[28]。1990年至1996年期間,越南國家銀行採取了積極的利率政策工具管理貨幣政策,並建立了完善的貨幣市場,這一時期越南國內的信貸以年均36%的速度增長[29]。1997年,越南國會批准了《越南國家銀行法》(Luật Ngân hàng Nhà nước Việt Nam 1997)和《信貸機構法》(Luật Các tổ chức tín dụng),這些法律為越南銀行體系繼續朝著以市場為導向及進一步於國際接軌的轉變奠定了基本的法律基礎[30]。2003年越南國會發佈了《越南國家銀行法修訂法案》(Luật sửa đổi bổ sung Luật Ngân hàng Nhà nước Việt Nam 2003),後於2010年越南國會發佈了新的《越南國家銀行法》(Luật Ngân hàng Nhà nước Việt Nam 2010)[31][32]。
2015年5月6日,越南國家銀行官方網站換版,其界面經過了重新設計,並且還採用了新的行徽,其舊行徽不再使用[1]。
Le Thanh Tung(Editor-in-chief of the SBV Website). SBV announces launching of SBV Website’s new interface. State Bank of Vietnam. 2015年5月6日 [2015-06-05]. (原始內容存檔於2015年6月5日) (英語). On the new version of the SBV site, the interface has been redesigned to be better-organized and more convenient for readers to access and search for information. The special new design features the new SBV logo.
Địa chỉ (Ngân hàng Nhà nước Việt Nam). Ngân hàng Nhà nước Việt Nam. [2015-05-31]. (原始內容存檔於2013-04-24) (越南語). Địa chỉ: Số 49 Lý Thái Tổ - Hoàn Kiếm - Hà Nội .
Ông Nguyễn Văn Bình chính thức làm Thống đốc Ngân hàng Nhà nước. cafef.vn. 2011-03-08 [2015-05-23]. (原始內容存檔於2015-05-23) (越南語). Ngày 03/8/2011, kỳ họp thứ nhất khóa XIII Quốc hội nước Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam đã bỏ phiếu phê chuẩn bổ nhiệm các thành viên của Chính phủ theo đề nghị của Thủ tướng Chính phủ Nguyễn Tấn Dũng.
After the August Revolution Triumph on September 2nd, 1945, President Ho Chi Minh declared the Proclamation of Independence, which gave birth to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The young government of workers and farmers class faced great challenges in solving urgent livelihood issues, consolidating and strengthening their government power, and at the same time, defending their new state from sabotage conducted by the French colony and other anti-revolutionary forces. The revolutionary government faced many financial challenges: just over 1.25 million piastres of Indochina currency remained in the Treasury, half of which were torn notes; Bank of Indochina was still in the hand of the colonists, who were trying to sabotage the Republic’s monetary system; and the new government’s revenues were small compared to its necessary expenditures...
Responding to an appeal by President Ho Chi Minh in December 1946, the whole nation entered into a long struggle of resistance against the French colony. To accommodate the Republic’s war-time economic requirements, the Government established three currency zones, which were allowed to issue regional currencies.On February 3, 1947, the Production Credit Office, the first credit institution in Vietnam, was established to provide funds for production restrict usury in rural areas, facilitate policies to reduce interest rates, and finance collective businesses.
The VNB revoked all the enemy’s bank notes in the newly liberated regions and established a unified money market in the North. The banking network expanded to serve districts and towns, while the number and qualification of banking professionals were improved. On October 26, 1961, the Vietnam National Bank was renamed the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV).
From 1990 – 1996, the SBV adopted a positive interest rate policy as well as tools to manage monetary policy, establish money markets, modernize its technology, and enhance its human resources to regulate the new banking system. During these years, the banking system extended credit to all economic sectors. The growth of credit averaged 36% per year, contributing to the success of restructuring towards industrialization and modernization, while promoting economic growth over many years. In this period, the relationship between Vietnam and international financial and monetary institutions (IMF, WB, and ADB) was resumed.
Major Responsibilities (About SBV). State Bank of Vietnam. [2015-06-01]. (原始內容存檔於2015年6月5日) (英語). Basing on the Law on the State Bank of Vietnam 2010, the Government issued Decree No.156/2013/ND-CP dated November 11, 2013 (Decree 156) on defining the functions, tasks, powers and organizational structure of the State Bank of Vietnam. Accordingly, the SBV includes 27 entities, of which 20 entities advise and assist Governor to perform the state management and the central bank functions, 7 entities are the SBV non – productive units.