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鼩鼱是一种体型细小、外貌有点像一种长鼻鼠的哺乳纲动物──虽然两者的外貌有点相像，但其实并没有任何关系。鼩鼱的脚有五只有爪的脚趾。
另外，树鼩鼱和象鼩鼱虽然名称上有“鼩鼱”二字，但并不属于鼩鼱科，而是分别属于树鼩目及象鼩目。
鼩鼱在世界的分布很广泛：在主要的温带大地上，就只有大洋洲的新几内亚、澳大利亚及新西兰并没有原生的鼩鼱；在南美洲，虽然亦有鼩鼱，但主要集中在北部，特别是哥伦比亚一带。
科学家发现在冬天时，这种动物的身体会随之缩小，连大脑也是[来源请求]。
鼩鼱科动物可分为以下三个亚科[2]：
本科包括以下属：
- Adeloblarina Repenning, 1967
- Alloblarinella Storch, 1995
- Allopachyura Kormos, 1934
- Allosorex Fejfar, 1966
- Alluvisorex Hutchison, 1966
- Amblycoptus Kormos, 1927
- Anchiblarinella Hibbard & Jammot, 1971
- Angustidens Repenning, 1967
- Anouroneomys Hutchison & Bown, 1980
- 短尾鼩属 Anourosorex Milne-Edwards, 1872
- Anourosoricodon Topachevskii, 1966
- Antesorex Repenning, 1967
- Aralosorex Lopatin, 2004
- Arctisorex Hutchinson & Harington, 2002
- Asoriculus Kretzoi, 1959
- Atasorex Lopatin, 2004
- Beckiasorex Dalquest, 1972
- Beremendia Kormos, 1930
- 北美短尾鼩鼱属 Blarina Gray, 1838
- 川鼩属 Blarinella Thomas, 1911
- Blarinoides Sulimski, 1959
- Builstynia Ziegler, Dahlmann & Storch, 2007
- Carposorex Crochet, 1975
- 水麝鼩属 Chimarrogale Anderson, 1877
- Chodsigoa Kastchenko, 1907
- Clapasorex Crochet, 1975
- Cokia Storch, 1996
- 鼠鼩属 Congosorex Heim de Balsac & Lamotte, 1956
- Cretasorex Nessov & Gurev, 1981
- Crocidosorex Lavocat, 1951
- 麝鼩属 Crocidura Wagler, 1832
- Crusafontina Gibert, 1974
- 南美小麝鼩属 Cryptotis Pomel, 1848
- Darocasorex van Dam, 2010
- Deinsdorfia Heller, 1963
- Dimylosorex Rabeder, 1972
- Diplomesodon Brandt, 1852
- Dolinasorex Rofes & Cuence-Bescós, 2009
- Drepanosorex Kretzoi, 1941
- Episoriculus Ellermann & Morrison-Scott, 1966
- 长爪鼩属 Feroculus Kelaart, 1852
- Florinia Ziegler, 1989
- Galemys Pomel, 1848
- Hemisorex Baudelot, 1967
- Hesperosorex Hibbard, 1957
- Heterosorex Wilson, 1960
- Ishimosorex Zazhigin & Voyta, 2022
- Kordosia Mészáros, 1997
- Lartetium Ziegler, 1989
- Limnoecus Stirton, 1930
- Lunanosorex Jin & Kawamura, 1996
- Macroneomys Fejfar, 1966
- Mafia Reumer, 1984
- 墨西哥大鼩鼱属 Megasorex Hibbard, 1950
- Meingensorex Hugueney & Maridet, 2011
- Miocrocidosorex Lopatin, 2004
- Miosorex Kretzoi, 1959
- 鼠鼩鼱属 Myosorex Gray, 1838
- Mysarachne Pomel, 1848
- 蹼麝鼩属 Nectogale Milne-Edwards, 1870
- Nectogalinia Gureev, 2019
- 水鼩鼱属 Neomys Kaup, 1829
- Neomysorex Rzebik-Kowalska, 1981
- Nesiotites Bate, 1945
- Noritrimylus Korth, Boyd, Person & Anderson, 2022
- 荒漠鼩鼱属 Notiosorex Coues, 1877
- Paenelimnoecus Baudelot, 1972
- Paenepetenyia Storch, 1996
- Paenesorex Ziegler, 2003
- 巴拉望苔鼩属 Palawanosorex Hutterer, Balete, Giarla, Heaney & Esselstyn, 2018
- Parablarinella
- 斯里兰卡鼩鼱属 Paracrocidura Heim de Balsac, 1956
- Paracryptotis Hibbard, 1950
- Paranotiosorex Mou, 2011
- Paranourosorex Rzebik-Kowalska, 1975
- Parasorex Meyer, 1865
- Parasoriculus Qiu & Storch, 2000
- Parydrosorex Wilson, 1968
- Peisorex Kowalski & Li, 1963
- Petenyia Kormos, 1930
- Petenyiella Kretzoi, 1956
- Planisorex Hibbard, 1972
- Pseudosoriculus Abramov, Bannikova, Chernetskaya, Lebedev & Rozhnov, 2017
- 东非鼩鼱属 Ruwenzorisorex Hutterer, 1986
- 盔鼩鼱属 Scutisorex Thomas, 1913
- Shargainosorex Zazhigin & Voyta, 2018
- Shikamainosorex Hasegawa, 1957
- Similisorex Stogov & Savinov, 1965
- Siwalikosorex Sahni & Khare, 1976
- 斯里兰卡长爪鼩鼱属 Solisorex Thomas, 1924
- 鼩鼱属 Sorex Linnaeus, 1758
- Soricella Doben-Florin, 1964
- Soricolestes Lopatin, 2002
- 长尾鼩属 Soriculus Blyth, 1854
- Srinitium Hugueney, 1976
- Stirtonisorex Hutterer, 2003
- Suevosorex Ziegler, 2009
- Sulimskia Reumer, 1984
- 臭鼩属 Suncus Ehrenberg, 1832
- 聋鼠鼩鼱属 Surdisorex Thomas, 1906
- 林鼩鼱属 Sylvisorex Thomas, 1904
- Taatsiinia Ziegler, Dahlmann & Storch, 2007
- Tavoonyia Ziegler, Dahlmann & Storch, 2007
- Tregosorex Hibbard & Jammot, 1971
- Turiasorex van Dam, Van den Hoek Ostende & Reumer, 2011
- Ulmensia Ziegler, 1989
- Viretia Hugueney, Mein & Maridet, 2012
- Zelceina Sulimski, 1962
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