水面舰艇（surface vessel）是指在水面上航行和运作的船只，是水路载具的主体。水面作战舰艇（surface combatant）专指装配了武器系统、用来参与海战、防空、反潜和对岸炮击与火力支援等战斗任务的海军水面舰——即各种军舰，与在水面下航行与作战的潜艇相对应。除军用以外，水面舰艇还可以隶属于水警和救生队单位，担负领海巡逻、搜救、渔政、反恐、缉毒和查缉偷渡、走私与海盗等任务。
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