氯氧化锑

氯氧化锑
	IUPAC名; antimony oxide chloride
识别
CAS号	7791-08-4 ; 12182-69-3
PubChem	9793982; 44151635
ChemSpider	7969749, 57524703
SMILES	[O-2].[Cl-].[Sb+3];
性质
化学式	SbOCl
摩尔质量	173.21 g·mol⁻¹
熔点	280 °C（553 K）
溶解性（水）	难溶
相关物质
相关化学品	亚硝酰氯;
	若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

氯氧化锑是锑的氯氧化物，化学式为SbOCl。氯氧化锑因在炼金术中得到广泛使用，曾为大众熟知。该化合物具有催吐剂和泻药的作用，因此曾被用作泻药。

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历史

罗勒·瓦伦丁（英语：Basil Valentine）在Currus Triumphalis Antimonii中首次描述了它的生产过程。1659年，约翰·格劳勃对反应进行了相对准确的化学解释。维托里奥·阿尔加洛蒂（英语：Vittorio Algarotti）将这种物质引入了医学，多年来，他的名字衍生物（algarot、algoroth）与这种化合物相关联。确切的成分在很长一段时间内都是未知的。有人提出SbOCl是三氯化锑和氧化锑或纯SbOCl的混合物。今天，人们已经知道三氯化锑的水解。首先形成氯氧化物SbOCl，然后形成Sb₄O₅Cl₂。

自然形成

SbOCl或后一种化合物都不会天然存在。然而，氯氧锑矿是已知的Sb-O-Cl矿物，其组成为Sb₈Cl₂O₁₁。^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

制备

在水中溶解三氯化锑会生成氯氧化锑：

SbCl₃ + H₂O → SbOCl + 2 HCl

参考资料

[1]
Nurgaliev, B. Z.; Popovkin, B. A.; Novoselova, A. V. Physiochemical analysis of antimony trioxide–antimony trichloride, antimony trioxide–antimony tribromide systems. Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii. 1981, 26 (4): 1043–1047.
[2]
Mayerová, Zuzana; Johnsson, Mats; Lidin, Sven. The structure of onoratoite, (, Br) revisited. Solid State Sciences. 2006, 8 (7): 849–854. ISSN 1293-2558. doi:10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2006.04.010.
[3]
Menchetti, S.; Sabelli, C.; Trosti-Ferroni, R. The structures of onoratoite, Sb8O11Cl2 and Sb8O11Cl2.6H2O. Acta Crystallographica Section C. 1984, 40 (9): 1506–1510. ISSN 0108-2701. doi:10.1107/S0108270184008532.
[4]
Belluomini, G.; Fornaseri, M.; Nicoletti, M. Onoratoite, a new antimony oxychloride, from Cetine di Cotorniano, Rosia (Siena, Italy). Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society. 2018, 36 (284): 1037–1044. ISSN 0369-0148. doi:10.1180/minmag.1968.036.284.01.
[5]
Roper, Adam J.; Leverett, Peter; Murphy, Timothy D.; Williams, Peter A. The stability of onoratoite, Sb8O11Cl2, in the supergene environment. Mineralogical Magazine. 2018, 78 (7): 1671–1675. ISSN 0026-461X. doi:10.1180/minmag.2014.078.7.10.
[6]
Lidin, Sven; Johnsson, Mats; Hugonin, Zuzana. Modulations in the onoratoite system. Solid State Sciences. 2009, 11 (7): 1198–1205. Bibcode:2009SSSci..11.1198L. ISSN 1293-2558. doi:10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2009.03.009.

延伸阅读

Chambers, Ephraim. Cyclopaedia, or, An universal dictionary of arts and sciences. 1728 [25 May 2013]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-08）.
José Rodríguez has published a complete study devoted to the commercial network of chemical medicines developed by Vittorio Algarotti: The First Commercial Network of a Chymical Medicine: （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Van Bemmelen, J. M.; Meerburg, P. A.; Noodt, U. Huber. Das System (SbCl3-HCl-H2O). Zeitschrift für Anorganische Chemie. 1902, 33: 272–310. doi:10.1002/zaac.19030330137.
Lémery, Nicolas. Traité de l'antimoine. 1707 [2021-04-23]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-23）.
Soukup, Rudolf Werner. Chemiehistorische Experimente: Erze als Ausgangsprodukte für die Herstellung von Arzneimitteln. Chemkon. 1999, 6 (4): 171–177. doi:10.1002/ckon.19990060403.
Särnstrand, C. The crystal structure of antimony(III) chloride oxide Sb4O5Cl2. Acta Crystallographica Section B. 1978, 34 (8): 2402–2407. doi:10.1107/S056774087800833X .
Hentz, F. C.; Long, G. G. Synthesis, properties, and hydrolysis of antimony trichloride. Journal of Chemical Education. 1975, 52 (3): 189. Bibcode:1975JChEd..52..189H. doi:10.1021/ed052p189.
Edstrand, Maja; Brodersen, Rolf; Sillén, Lars Gunnar; Linnasalmi, Annikki; Laukkanen, Pentti. On the Crystal Structure of the Antimony Oxychloride Sb4O5Cl2 and Isomorphous Oxybromide. Acta Chemica Scandinavica. 1947, 1: 178–203. doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.01-0178 .
Schaeffer, L. VI. Ueber krystallisirtes Algarothpulver und Antimonoxychlorür. Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie. 1869, 152 (3): 314–318. doi:10.1002/jlac.18691520307.
Hydrolysis of Antimony(III)-Hydrochloric Acid Solution at 25°C (PDF). [25 May 2013]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-04-23）.
Peligot, M.E. On the preparation and composition of the salts of antimony. Philosophical Magazine. Series 3. 1847, 31 (207): 230–233. doi:10.1080/14786444708645830.
Moscardo, Lodovico. Historia di Verona. Rossi. 1668: 441 [25 May 2013].
Dehnicke, Kurt. Über Antimon(V)-oxidchloride. Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie. 1961, 312 (5–6): 237–243. doi:10.1002/zaac.19613120503 （德语）.

[1] [1]
Nurgaliev, B. Z.; Popovkin, B. A.; Novoselova, A. V. Physiochemical analysis of antimony trioxide–antimony trichloride, antimony trioxide–antimony tribromide systems. Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii. 1981, 26 (4): 1043–1047.

[MayerováJohnsson2006-2] [2]
Mayerová, Zuzana; Johnsson, Mats; Lidin, Sven. The structure of onoratoite, (, Br) revisited. Solid State Sciences. 2006, 8 (7): 849–854. ISSN 1293-2558. doi:10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2006.04.010.

[MenchettiSabelli1984-3] [3]
Menchetti, S.; Sabelli, C.; Trosti-Ferroni, R. The structures of onoratoite, Sb8O11Cl2 and Sb8O11Cl2.6H2O. Acta Crystallographica Section C. 1984, 40 (9): 1506–1510. ISSN 0108-2701. doi:10.1107/S0108270184008532.

[BelluominiFornaseri2018-4] [4]
Belluomini, G.; Fornaseri, M.; Nicoletti, M. Onoratoite, a new antimony oxychloride, from Cetine di Cotorniano, Rosia (Siena, Italy). Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society. 2018, 36 (284): 1037–1044. ISSN 0369-0148. doi:10.1180/minmag.1968.036.284.01.

[RoperLeverett2018-5] [5]
Roper, Adam J.; Leverett, Peter; Murphy, Timothy D.; Williams, Peter A. The stability of onoratoite, Sb8O11Cl2, in the supergene environment. Mineralogical Magazine. 2018, 78 (7): 1671–1675. ISSN 0026-461X. doi:10.1180/minmag.2014.078.7.10.

[LidinJohnsson2009-6] [6]
Lidin, Sven; Johnsson, Mats; Hugonin, Zuzana. Modulations in the onoratoite system. Solid State Sciences. 2009, 11 (7): 1198–1205. Bibcode:2009SSSci..11.1198L. ISSN 1293-2558. doi:10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2009.03.009.

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