马扎尔人征服喀尔巴阡盆地

马扎尔人征服喀尔巴阡盆地^[1]是人们对一系列历史事件的统称，这一系列事件以马扎尔人于九世纪末十世纪初定居于中欧而告终。在马扎尔人到来前，三支中世纪早期势力——保加利亚第一帝国（681-1018年）、东法兰克王国（843-962年）和大大摩拉维亚公国（833-约907年）——曾为控制喀尔巴阡盆地而混战。三支势力都曾雇佣过马扎尔骑手为士兵。因此，居住在喀尔巴阡山脉以东的东欧大草原上的马扎尔人便渐渐熟悉了喀尔巴阡盆地这片未来的家园领土。

马扎尔人的征服始于民族大迁徙的背景下。马扎尔人有计划地占领了喀尔巴阡盆地^[1]。马扎尔人首先控制住了多瑙河以东的匈牙利大平原，之后又在900年袭击并占领了潘诺尼亚（多瑙河以西的地区）。接着，他们趁大摩拉维亚公国爆发内乱，在902-906年间吞并了该国领土。

907年7月4日，马扎尔人在普雷斯堡战役（英语：Battle of Pressburg）中击败巴伐利亚公国军队，巩固了对喀尔巴阡盆地的控制。899至955年间，马扎尔人对西欧发动了一系列军事行动；还在943至971年间攻打过东罗马帝国的领土。但他们最终还是逐渐在喀尔巴阡盆地安居下来，在1000年左右建立了基督教君主制政权——匈牙利王国。

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[FOOTNOTEKontler199942-1] [1]
Kontler 1999，第42页.

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