本科植物主要为木质藤本,有刺,也有部分种类为草本,无刺。叶有3-7条掌状脉,两侧有卷须;花单性,雌雄异株,稀两性,花被6裂,排成2列分离;果实为浆果。
本科有的种类可以作为药材和饮品,如土茯苓即是光叶菝葜(Smilax glabra Roxb)的根。墨西哥菝葜的根可被酿造成饮料。
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