HPAI A(H5N1)[注 2]是一种专门感染鸟类并具有高度致病性的H5N1菌株,常在各地的鸟类族群间造成H5N1禽流感(英语:transmission and infection of H5N1)的地方性流行病,特别是在东南亚地区。此种HPAI A(H5N1)的亚洲品系目前已经散播到全球,并在动物族群内及不同物种间流行,造成数千万鸟类因病死亡,同时养殖业为了控制疫情也扑杀了数千万只鸟类。多数的媒体直接将HPAI A(H5N1)称为禽流感,多数报导的H5N1疫情也都是由HPAI A(H5N1)造成[228][229]。
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