亚历山大二世是趁着塞琉古王室分支的内斗而崛起,这纷争是塞琉古四世和其弟安条克四世的各自后裔为了王位继承权,双方争斗数十年,造成国家一次次的内战。托勒密埃及与塞琉古帝国两个继业者王室会进行联姻,塞琉古王室内部的斗争又会使托勒密埃及从外部进行干涉,而使情形更加复杂化,使冲突更为加速。如在前128年,作为塞琉古四世后裔代表的德米特里二世,为了帮助他的岳母克丽奥佩脱拉二世对付其夫托勒密八世,率军入侵埃及介入托勒密王室内战。托勒密八世对于德米特里二世的干涉相当愤怒,他反手策动叙利亚城市暴动,并选择亚历山大二世来代表安条克四世支脉后裔,举他为对立国王(英语:Anti-king)。同年,在埃及托勒密八世的军队和资金帮助下,亚历山大二世夺下塞琉古帝国首都安条克城登基,继续扩大与德米特里二世的内战,并在前125年决定性会战击败他。德米特里二世被迫逃亡至王后克丽奥佩脱拉·特娅所控制的腓尼基的托勒迈斯(英语:Ptolemais in Phoenicia)处求助,但被她驱逐,他在逃往另一座城市泰尔寻求庇护中被杀。
在前127年8月到前126年8月期间某刻,托勒密八世在埃及内战中重新夺回首都亚历山大[90],克丽奥佩脱拉二世带着国库的财宝逃往塞琉古德米特里二世处[91]。尽管亚历山大二世成功获取首都安条克城,但德米特里二世仍占有奇里乞亚和塞琉西亚·佩里亚以及柯里叙利亚许多城市[92]。亚历山大二世对此发动军事行动意图征服该地区[93],两位国王的军队在犹地亚地区调兵遣将作战,造成当地居民很大困扰,迫使犹太人派遣使者前往罗马抱怨,希望罗马“禁止国王的士兵们通过犹太人和他们属国的领地[注 15][95]”,这次出访罗马约在前127年到前125年间[96]。到了前126年10月,亚历山大二世攻陷亚实基伦,钱币证据也显示撒马利亚也受到亚历山大控制[96]。在前125年德米特里二世在大马士革附近遭到击败,他逃往腓尼基的托勒迈斯(英语:Ptolemais in Phoenicia)寻求王后克丽奥佩脱拉·特娅庇护。王后拒绝让德米特里二世进入城内,他只得继续乘船逃往泰尔城。前125年春、夏季德米特里向泰尔城寻求庇护,但被该城守将所杀[97]。
特洛古斯的《腓利史》残篇被引用在数个古代作家的作品中,其中不知名作者在某个时间曾对44卷的《腓利史》做个各册摘要序言,今称为《〈腓利史〉序言》(Prologues of Trogus)亦同,这些保存残存篇章的手稿与查士丁对原著的《概要》而可以留存到今世[27]。很有可能《〈腓利史〉序言》的句子是来自特洛古斯的原著[28]。
这座拉塔基亚城很可能指的是大城市叙利亚的拉塔基亚,这点受到多位历史学者如布谢-勒克莱尔、Getzel M. Cohen和John D Grainger认同[86]。另一位历史学者埃德温·贝文(英语:Edwyn Bevan)则认为是腓尼基的拉塔基亚(英语:Beirut),且叛乱发生在德米特里二世去世以后[87]。历史学者Adolf Kuhn则把这件事和亚历山大二世和德米特里二世之子安条克八世发生的战争连结,认为叛乱发生在前123年[88]。学者奥古斯都·布谢-勒克莱尔认同Adolf Kuhn的推论,但不认同埃德温·贝文的论点[89]。
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More information 亚历山大二世 (塞琉古帝国) 塞琉古王朝出生于:前150年逝世于:前123年 ...