鳖甲蜗牛科

鳖甲蜗牛科（学名：Helicarionidae），又名勇蜗科，鳖甲螺科^[2]，是一个由陆地上的蜗牛及半蛞蝓（英语：Semi-slug）组成的科，皆为真有肺类柄眼类支序的成员，属于鳖甲蜗牛总科（Helicarionoidea）^[3]。

鳖甲蜗牛科
Five worn shells of Erepta setiliris at Réunion island
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	软体动物门 Mollusca
纲：	腹足纲 Gastropoda
目：	柄眼目 Stylommatophora
亚目：	旋蜗牛亚目 Helicina
下目：	蛞蝓下目 Limacoidei
总科：	勇蜗总科 Helicarionoidea
科：	鳖甲蜗牛科 Helicarionidae Bourguignat, 1877[1]

分布

本科物种分布于古北界东部，马尔加什（英语：Malagasy Republic）（马达加斯加、留尼汪及科摩罗）、印度、东南亚及澳大利亚^[4]。

解剖

本科的蜗牛都会在交配时伸出几丁质的交配器恋矢（love dart）插进对方的生殖孔，以交换精子^[5]。

此外，本科物种的单倍体染色体介乎21到30之间^[6]。

下级分类

本科包括以下属：

• Advena Gude, 1913
• Aenigmatoconcha C.Tumpeesuwan & S.Tumpeesuwan, 2017
  • Aenigmatoconcha clivicola C.Tumpeesuwan & S.Tumpeesuwan, 2017^[7]
  • Aenigmatoconcha eunetis Pholyotha & Panha, 2021^[8]
  • Aenigmatoconcha mitis (L.Pfeiffer, 1863)
  • Aenigmatoconcha sumonthai C.Tumpeesuwan & S.Tumpeesuwan, 2018
• Amenixesta Iredale, 1941
  • Amenixesta fifensis Iredale, 1941
  • Amenixesta hunsteini (E.A.Smith, 1887)
• Antiquarion Stanisic, 2010
  • Antiquarion boondah Hyman & Köhler, 2020
  • Antiquarion chooreechillum Hyman & Köhler, 2020
  • Antiquarion collinsae J.Stanisic, 2010
  • Antiquarion evelynensis Hyman & Köhler, 2020
  • Antiquarion limbus Hyman & Köhler, 2020
  • Antiquarion occultus Hyman & Köhler, 2020
  • Antiquarion ravenshoe Hyman & Köhler, 2020
  • Antiquarion swausi Hyman & Köhler, 2020
• Apothapsia D.T.Holyoak & G.A.Holyoak, 2020
• Attenborougharion Hyman & Köhler, 2017
• 奥氏蛞蝓属 Austenia G.Nevill, 1878
• Bathia Robson, 1914
• Belopygmaeus Solem, 1989
• Belopygmeus Baker, 1938
• Brevisentis Hyman, 2007
• Buffetia Iredale, 1945
• Burmochlamys Pholyotha & Panha, 2022
• Burnettia Stanisic, 2010
• Caldwellia H.Adams, 1873
• Caracolla Ehrenberg, 1831
• 疑难螺属 Chalepotaxis Ancey, 1887
  • 黑线小鳖甲蜗牛 Chalepotaxis spadix cinctus
• Colmanarion Stanisic, 2010
• 隐奥氏蛞蝓属 Cryptaustenia Cockerell, 1891
• Ctenoglypta Ancey, 1904
• Ctenophila Ancey, 1882
• Cucullarion Stanisic, 1998
• Dancea Zilch, 1960
• Dedrolamellaria
• Delinitesta Iredale, 1933
• Dendrolamellaria Preston, 1913
• Dendronitor Iredale, 1933
• Dupontia Godwin-Austen, 1908
• 小杜螺属 Durgella W.T.Blanford, 1863
  • Durgella aborense Godwin-Austen, 1916
  • Durgella assamica Gondwin-Austen, 1881
  • Durgella birmanica (Pfeiffer, 1847)
  • Durgella christianae (Theobald, 1864)
  • Durgella concinna Blanford & Godwin-Austen, 1908
  • Durgella densestriata Vermeulen, T.-S.Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015
  • Durgella dwipana (Gude, 1903)
  • Durgella edeana Godwin-Austen, 1910
  • Durgella erratica (Godwin-Austen, 1888)
  • Durgella hosei Godwin-Austen, 1891
  • Durgella khasiaca Godwin-Austen, 1883
  • Durgella kumahensis (Theobald & Stoliczka, 1872)
  • Durgella levicula (W.H.Benson, 1859)
  • Durgella libas Solem, 1966
  • Durgella mairangensis Godwin-Austen, 1898
  • Durgella naharaniensis Godwin-Austen, 1914
  • Durgella nulla Pholyotha & Panha, 2024^[9]
  • Durgella pentata Pholyotha & Panha, 2024^[9]
  • Durgella rhaphiellus (E.von Martens, 1867)
  • Durgella rogersi Godwin-Austen, 1907
  • Durgella russeola (Morelet, 1865)
  • Durgella salius (W.H.Benson, 1859)
  • Durgella seposita (W.H.Benson, 1859)
  • Durgella siamensis Möllendorff, 1902
  • Durgella sundana B.Rensch, 1930
• Durgellina Thiele, 1928
• Echonitor Iredale, 1937
• Eddiella Stanisic, 2010
• Einasleighana Stanisic, 2010
• Elatonitor Stanisic, 2010
• Ellarion Iredale, 1941
• Epiglypta Pilsbry, 1893
• Erepta Albers, 1850
• Eufretum H.B.Baker, 1941
• Eurychlamys Godwin-Austen, 1899
• Expocystis Iredale, 1937
• Fastosarion Iredale, 1933
• Fenestrarion Stanisic, 2010
• Fijia Gude, 1913
• 吉拉蛞蝓属 Girasia Gray, 1855
• Gudeconcha
• Gudeoconcha Iredale, 1944
• Haleakala Baker, 1940
• Harmogenanina Germain, 1918
• 勇蜗属 Helicarion Férussac, 1821
• Hiloaa Baker, 1940
• Hiona Cooke, 1940
• Hionarion Baker, 1940
• Hionella Baker, 1940
• Holkeion Godwin-Austen, 1908
• Howearion Iredale, 1944
• 伊比蛞蝓属 Ibycus Heynemann, 1863
  • 小玉蜗牛 Ibycus hiraseanus
• Insulorbis Baker, 1940
• Irenella Gude, 1913
• Kalidos Gude, 1911
• Kermarion Iredale, 1944
• Kipua Baker, 1940
• Laconia Gray, 1855
• Laocaia Kuzminykh, 1999
• Levidens Hyman, 2007
• Limpidarion Hyman & Köhler, 2020
• Luinarion Iredale, 1933
• Malandena Iredale, 1933
• Mauka Baker, 1940
• Medyla Martens, 1860
• Minororbis Baker, 1940
• Mistarion Iredale, 1941
• Montanocystis Stanisic, 2010
• Muangnua Solem, 1966
• Mysticarion Iredale, 1941
• Nesaecia Gude, 1911
• Nesarion Baker, 1940
• Nesocyclus Baker, 1940
• Nesonanina C.R.Boettger, 1918
• Neutra Baker, 1940
• Nitor Gude, 1911
• Nukupiena Baker, 1940
• Oafatua Baker, 1940
• Opara Baker, 1940
• 圆鳖甲蜗牛属 Ovachlamys Habe, 1946
• Pachystyla Mörch, 1852
• Palmervillea Stanisic, 2010
• Panulena
• Parmacochlea E.A.Smith, 1884
• Parmavitrina Iredale, 1937
• Parmella H.Adams, 1867
• Parmellops Iredale, 1944
• Peloparion Iredale, 1937
• Periclocystis Iredale, 1937
• 扁楯蛞蝓属 Petalochlamys Godwin-Austen, 1907，叶楯蛞蝓属
• Pitcairnia Baker, 1940
• Pittoconcha Preston, 1913
• Plegma Gude, 1911
• Pravonitor Iredale, 1937
• Pseudaustenia Cockerell, 1891
• Pseudoguppya Baker, 1925
• Pseudophasis Germain, 1918
• Pseudosaphtia de Winter, 2008
• Pseudosesara Solem, 1962
• Quirosella Clench, 1958
• Rapafila Baker, 1940
• 曙螺属 Rasama Laidlaw, 1932
• Rhadella Godwin-Austen, 1914
• Rhyssotopsis Ancey, 1887
• 若通螺属 Rotungia Godwin-Austen, 1918
• Saphtia de Winter, 2008
• Satiella W.T.Blanford & Godwin-Austen, 1908
• Sesara Martens, 1860
• Sheaia Hyman, 2007
• Sigaloeista Shea & Griffiths, 2010
• 昔塔螺属 Sitala H.Adams, 1865
• Sitalarion H.B.Baker, 1941
• Sivella W.T.Blanford, 1863
• Sodaleta Iredale, 1937
• Sophina Benson, 1859
• Stanisicarion Hyman & Ponder, 2010
• Tarocystis Iredale, 1937
• Teraia Solem, 1966
• Thularion Stanisic, 1993
• Torrecystis Stanisic, 2010
• Tropicystis Stanisic, 2010
• Uafatua Baker, 1940
• Uapuneutra Baker, 1940
• Ubiquitarion Hyman, Lamborena & Köhler, 2017
• Urazirochlamys Habe, 1946
• Vanmolia de Winter, 2008
• Vercularion Iredale, 1933
• Waihoua Baker, 1940
• Westracystis Iredale, 1939
• Zagmena Iredale, 1941

The following two subfamilies were recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):^[3]

• 亚科 Helicarioninae Bourguignat, 1877 - synonyms: Pseudotrochatellinae A. J. Wagner, 1905;^[10] Ereptinae Godwin-Austen, 1908;^[11] Xestinae Gude & B. B. Woodward, 1921;^[12] Sesarinae Thiele, 1931;^[13] Nitoridae Iredale, 1937;^[14] Epiglyptidae Iredale, 1944;^[15] Gudeoconchidae Iredale, 1944^[15]
• 亚科 Durgellinae Godwin-Austen, 1888^[16]
  • 族 Durgellini Godwin-Austen, 1888 - synonyms: Sitalinae Godwin-Austen, 1900;^[17] Sophininae W. Blanford & Godwin-Austen, 1908;^[18] Satiellini Schileyko, 2003^[19]
  • 族 Girasiini Collinge, 1902^[20]

属

下列本科所有的属：

Helicarioninae亚科

• Epiglypta Pilsbry, 1893^[3]
• Erepta Albers, 1850^[3]
• Gudeoconcha Iredale, 1914^[3]
• Helicarion Férussac, 1821 - type genus of the family Helicarionidae^[3]
• Nitor Gude, 1911^[3]
• Pseudotrochatella G. Nevill, 1881^[3]
• Sesara Albers, 1860^[3]
• Wilhelminaia Preston, 1913 ^[21]
• Xesta Albers, 1850^[3]

Durgellinae亚科

族 Durgellini

• Durgella Blanford, 1863 - type genus of the subfamily Durgellinae^[3]
• Satiella Godwin-Austen, 1908^[3]
• Sitala H. Adams, 1865^[3]
• Sophina Benson, 1859^[3]

• 族 Girasiini

• Girasia Gray, 1855 - 本族的模式属^[3]

亚科未定

• Advena
• Atrichotoxon
• Buffetia
• Diastole
• Dolapex
• Elisolimax
• Harmogenanina
• Iredaleoconcha
• 恰里螺属 Kaliella
• Lutilodix
• Mathewsoconcha
• Mysticarion
• Nancibella
• 圆鳖甲蜗牛属 Ovachlamys Habe, 1946， 卵楯蛞蝓属
• Panulena
• Philonesia
• Pittoconcha
• Quintalia
• Ryssota
• Thapsia
• Trichotoxon
• Zingis

亲缘支序图

以下的系统发生学分支图显示了根据Hausdorf (2000)所描述蛞蝓下目各科之间的亲缘关系^[4]：

蛞蝓下目 Limacoidei

Staffordioidea（英语：Staffordioidea）  Staffordiidae        Dyakioidea（英语：Dyakioidea）  Dyakiidae    Gastrodontoidea（英语：Gastrodontoidea）    Pristilomatidae（英语：Pristilomatidae）       克氏螺科 Chronidae       真蛞蝓科 Euconulidae     Trochomorphidae（英语：Trochomorphidae）         腹齿螺科 Gastrodontidae     Oxychilidae（英语：Oxychilidae）              Parmacelloidea（英语：Parmacelloidea）    Trigonochlamydidae（英语：Trigonochlamydidae）     Parmacellidae（英语：Parmacellidae）     Milacidae（英语：Milacidae）          带螺总科 Zonitoidea  带螺科 Zonitidae    鳖甲蜗牛总科（英语：Helicarionoidea） Helicarionoidea（英语：Helicarionoidea）    鳖甲蜗牛科 Helicarionidae       拟阿勇蛞蝓科 Ariophantidae     Urocyclidae（英语：Urocyclidae）          Limacoidea（英语：Limacoidea）    Vitrinidae（英语：Vitrinidae）       Boettgerillidae（英语：Boettgerillidae）       蛞蝓科 Limacidae     野蛞蝓科 Agriolimacidae

参考文献

1. Bourguignat J. R. (1877). "Description de deux nouveaux genres algériens, suive d'une classification des families et des genres de Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles du système européen". Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles de Toulouse 3(1): 49-101. page 64.
2. 施乃普. 綠島小形貝殼. 中国贝志 (中华民国贝类学会). 1975, 2: 33–46 [2018-08-28] （中文（繁体））.
3. Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.
4. Hausdorf, B. Biogeography of the Limacoidea sensu lato (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): Vicariance Events and Long-Distance Dispersal. Journal of Biogeography. 2000, 27 (2): 379–390. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00403.x （英语）.
5. 記用蝸牛來作實驗. 2013-07-19 （中文（繁体））.
6. G. M. Barker. The Biology of Terrestrial Molluscs. CABI. 2001: 139. ISBN 978-0-85199-318-8.
7. Chanidaporn Tumpeesuwan and Sakboworn Tumpeesuwan. 2017. Discovery of An Overlooked Helicarionid Land Snail (Helicarionidae: Durgellinae) from northeastern Thailand, with Description of A New Genus and New Species, and Note on Radula Morphology and Genital System. RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY. 65; 181–188.
8. Arthit Pholyotha, Chirasak Sutcharit, Piyoros Tongkerd and Somsak Panha. 2021. Systematic Revision of the Limestone Karst-restricted Land Snail Genus Aenigmatoconcha (Eupulmonata: Helicarionidae), with Description of A New Species. European Journal of Taxonomy. 767(1), 55-82. DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.767.1487
9. Arthit Pholyotha, Chirasak Sutcharit, Ngwe Lwin and Panha Somsak. 2024. Unveiling the Diversity of the Semislug Gnus Durgella Blanford, 1863 (Eupulmonata: Helicarionidae) from Thailand and Myanmar, with Description of Two New Species. Zool Stud. 63:14. DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2024.63-14.
10. Wagner A. J. (1905). Denkschriften der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften 77: 365.
11. Godwin-Austen H. H. (1908). "On the Animals of Genera and Species of Mascarene Land-Mollusca belonging to the family Zonitidae, collected by Monsieur E. Dupont". Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8)2: 422-436. 432. Plate 9-11.
12. Gude G. P. L. K. & Woodward B. B. (1921). "On Helicella, Férussac". Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 14(5-6): 174-190. page 185.
13. Thiele (1931). Handbuch der systematischen Weichtierkunde 1(2): 620.
14. Iredale T. (1937). The Australian Zoologist 9(1): 2.
15. Iredale T. (1944). The Australian Zoologist 10(3): page 326 and page 328.
16. Godwin-Austen H. H. (1888). Land and freshwater Mollusca of India 1(6): 253.
17. Godwin-Austen H. H. (1900). In: Sykes Mollusca. In: Sharp (ed.) Fauna Hawaiiensis 2(4): 283.
18. Blanford W. T. & Godwin-Austen H. H. (1908). The fauna of British India. Mollusca. Testacellidae and Zonitidae, page 283.
19. Schileyko (2003). Treatise on Recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, part 10: 1319.
20. Collinge (1902). The Journal of Malacology 9(3): 71, 73.
21. {{cite journal |last=Ho |first=Wai Hoong |title=A Review Of The Land-Snail Fauna of Singapore |journal=[[The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology ||year=1995 |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=91-113 |url=http://malaypeninsularsnail.myspecies.info/node/30 |language=en |access-date=2017-02-16 |archive-date=2017-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216224248/http://malaypeninsularsnail.myspecies.info/node/30 |dead-url=no }}

外部链接

• 维基物种上的相关信息：鳖甲蜗牛科
• Helicarionidae. NCBI （英语）.

• Video of a Helicarionid in Sulawesi （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）