江蓠属 (学名:Gracilaria ),其物种又名龙须菜 [ 2] 、海发 [ 3] 或海面条 [ 4] ,是红藻门 江蓠科 之下的一个属 ,因其作为一种琼脂植物 的经济重要性以及用作人类和各种贝类的食物而著称。该属内的各种物种在亚洲 、南美洲 、非洲 和大洋洲 均有栽培。
Quick Facts 江蓠属, 科学分类 ...
江蓠属
江蓠
科学分类
门:
红藻门 Rhodophyta
纲:
真红藻纲 Florideophyceae
目:
江蓠目 Gracilariales
科:
江蓠科 Gracilariaceae
属:
江蓠属 Gracilaria Greville , 1830
异名 [ 1]
Ceramianthemum V.Donati ex S.Léman, 1817
Corallopsis Greville, 1830
Flagellaria Stackhouse, 1809
Plocaria Nees, 1820
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本属物种分布于世界各地的温暖水域,但也季节性地出现在温带的水域。这些红藻不能承受低于10 °C(50 °F)的海水温度;除了北极 以外,江蓠属物种在其余所有海洋中均有发现。它的多样性中心是西太平洋 ,在那里它传统上被用作琼脂 (亦作琼胶 [ 5] 或洋菜 )的来源而被养殖[ 6] [ 7] 。而养殖水域的盐度,对琼脂的生产量亦有所影响[ 5] 。
Ogonori
Kkosiraegi-muchim (seasoned gracilaria)
江蓠属物种在菲律宾 、夏威夷 、日本 及韩国 等多国料理中均有使用[ 8] 。在缅甸 若开邦 北部对出海域设有江蓠属物种(可食龙须菜 ;Gracilaria edulis )的养殖场,有近90年历史[ 8] 。
日本料理将其称为ogonori 或ogo 。In the 菲律宾 , it is called gulaman and used to make 果冻 .[ 9] In 牙买加 , it is known as Irish moss .[ 10] 。在韩国,江蓠属物种有“海面条”(꼬시래기 )的外号[ 4] 。
无论是在体外(in vitro )或体内(in vivo )的实验中,通过琼脂酶 (agarase )消化从含琼脂的江蓠属物种多糖 中制备、聚合度 为6的江蓠寡糖 已被证明是针对日本脑炎 病毒感染的一种有效预防剂。来自江篱属物种的硫化寡糖似乎是进一步发展为抗病毒剂的有希望候选物。[ 11]
江蓠属物种常以大型藻类的形式在水产市场发售。对于刺尾鲷科 [ 12] 及不少其他植食性 的鱼类,它是一种高适口性藻类,而且其营养吸收能力使它成为一个合适的避难所(refugium)选择。
江蓠属物种有可能会被卵菌纲 的水霉 Pythium porphyrae 寄生 感染[ 13] 。
截至2021年6月26日 (2021-06-26 ) [update] ,WoRMS 纪录本属包括下列各物种[ 1] [ 14] :
Gracilaria abbottiana M.D.Hoyle, 1978
Gracilaria abyssalis Gurgel & Yoneshigue-Valentin, 2008[ 15]
Gracilaria aculeata (Hering) Papenfuss, 1967
Gracilaria aggregata J.D.Hooker & Harvey, 1845
Gracilaria ambigua Greville, 1935
Gracilaria apiculata P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan, 1865
Gracilaria apiculifera J.Agardh, 1901
弓龙须菜 Gracilaria arcuata Zanardini, 1858[ 14]
Gracilaria armata (C.Agardh) Greville, 1830
Gracilaria articulata C.F.Chang & B.M.Xia, 1976
Gracilaria ascidiicola E.Y.Dawson, 1961
Gracilaria attenuata (M.Umamaheswara Rao) V.Krishnamurthy
小共生龙须菜 Gracilaria babae (H.Yamamoto) P.-K. Ng , P.-E. Lim & S.-M. Phang, 2014[ 14] [ 16]
Gracilaria baiana Lyra, Gurgel, M.C.Oliveira & Nunes, 2016
繁枝江蓠 Graiclaria bangmeiana
Gracilaria beckeri (J.Agardh) Papenfuss, 1952
芋根江蓠 Gracilaria blodgettii Harvey, 1853[ 17]
Gracilaria brasiliensis Gurgel & Yoneshigue-Valentin, 2008[ 15]
Gracilaria brevis W.R.Taylor, 1945
Gracilaria bursa-pastoris (S.G.Gmelin) P.C.Silva, 1952:模式种 。
喀麦隆龙须菜 Gracilaria camerunensis Pilger, 1911
粗管龙须菜 Gracilaria canaliculata Sonder, 1871[ 14]
Gracilaria capensis F.Schmitz ex Mazza, 1907
Gracilaria cearensis (A.B.Joly & Pinheiro) A.B.Joly & Pinheiro, 1966
Gracilaria cerrosiana W.R.Taylor, 1945
Gracilaria cervicornis (Turner) J.Agardh, 1852
Gracilaria chondracantha (Kützing) Millar, 2005
Gracilaria chondroides (Kützing) P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan, 1878
脆江蓠 Gracilaria chouae Zhang & B.M.Xia, 1992
Gracilaria cliftonii Withell, A.J.K.Millar & Kraft, 1994
Gracilaria comosa Withell, A.J.K.Millar & Kraft, 1994
Gracilaria conferta (Schousboe ex Montagne) Montagne, 1846
Gracilaria coppejansii Muangmai, Lewmanomont, Prathep, Terada & Zuccarello, 2017
Gracilaria corallicola Zanardini, 1868
Gracilaria corniculata (C.Agardh) J.Agardh, 1852
伞房龙须菜 Gracilaria coronopifolia J.Agardh, 1852[ 14] ,异名:可食江篱 Gracilaria edulis (Gmelin) Silva, 1952[ 14]
Gracilaria corticata (J.Agardh) J.Agardh, 1852
Gracilaria crispata Setchell & Gardner, 1924
Gracilaria crockeri E.Y.Dawson, 1949
Gracilaria cuneata J.E. Areschoug, 1854
Gracilaria cuneifolia (Okamura) I.K.Lee & Kurogi, 1977
Gracilaria curtissiae J.Agardh, 1885
Gracilaria cylindrica Børgesen, 1920
Gracilaria damicornis J.Agardh, 1852
Gracilaria dawsonii Hoyle, 1994
Gracilaria debilis (Forsskål) Børgesen, 1932
Gracilaria dendroides Gargiulo, De Masi & Tripodi, 1985
Gracilaria denticulata F.Schmitz ex Mazza, 1907
Gracilaria disticha (J.Agardh) J.Agardh, 1852
Gracilaria divaricata Harvey, 1853
Gracilaria divergens (C.Agardh) J.Agardh, 1847
Gracilaria domingensis (Kützing) Sonder ex Dickie, 1874
Gracilaria dotyi Hoyle, 1977
Gracilaria dumosa Harvey & J.W.Bailey, 1862
Gracilaria dura (C.Agardh) J.Agardh, 1842
厄瓜多尔江蓠 Gracilaria ecuadoreanus (W.R.Taylor) E.Y.Dawson, 1949
Gracilaria ephemera Skelton, South & Millar, 2004
Gracilaria epihippisora Hoyle, 1977
Gracilaria fanii B.M.Xia & Pan, 1995
粗龙须菜 Gracilaria firma Chang & Xia, 1976[ 18]
Gracilaria flabelliformis (P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan) Fredericq & Gurgel, 2004
Gracilaria flagelliformis (Sonder) Womersley, 1996
Gracilaria foliifera (Forsskål) Børgesen, 1932
Gracilaria fruticosa Harvey, 1855
Gracilaria galetensis C.F.D.Gurgel, S.Fredericq, & J.N.Norris, 2004
Gracilaria gardneri (Setchell) Gurgel, J.N.Norris & Fredericq, 2018
Gracilaria gigartinoides (P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan) P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan, 1866
Gracilaria gigas Harvey, 1860
Gracilaria glomerata Zhang & B.M.Xia, 1994
Gracilaria gracilis (Stackhouse) M.Steentoft, L.M.Irvine & W.F.Farnham, 1995
海南江蓠 Gracilaria hainanensis C.F.Chang & B.M.Xia, 1976
Gracilaria halogenea A.J.K.Millar, 1990
Gracilaria hancockii E.Y.Dawson, 1944
Gracilaria hauckii P.C.Silva, 1996
Gracilaria hayi Gurgel, Fredericq & J.N.Norris, 2004
Gracilaria hermonii Millar, 2004
Gracilaria heteroclada (Montagne) Feldmann & G.Feldmann, 1943
Gracilaria hikkaduwensis Durairatnam, 1962
Gracilaria howensis Lucas, 1935
Gracilaria incrustata J.Agardh, 1901
Gracilaria incurvata Okamura, 1931
印度江蓠 Gracilaria indica Umamaheswara Rao, 1974
Gracilaria intermedia J.Agardh, 1901
Gracilaria irregularis I.A.Abbott, 1988
Gracilaria isabellana Gurgel, Fredericq & J.N.Norris, 2004
Gracilaria kanyakumariensis Umamaheswara Rao, 1974
Gracilaria khanjanapajiae Saengkaew, Muangmai, Bulan & Zuccarello, 2022[ 19]
Gracilaria kilakkaraiensis V.Krishnamurthy & Rajendran, 1987
Gracilaria lacerata Setchell & Gardner, 1924
Gracilaria lantaensis Muangmai, Zuccarello, Noiraksa & Lewmanomont [ 20]
Gracilaria latifronds P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan, 1865
Gracilaria longa Gargiulo, De Masi & Tripodi, 1987
长喙江蓠 Gracilaria longirostris Zhang & Wang, 1995[ 17]
Gracilaria longissima (S.G.Gmelin) Steentoft, L.M.Irvine & Farnham, 1995
Gracilaria mamillaris (Montagne) Howe
Gracilaria mammillaris (Montagne) M.A.Howe, 1918
Gracilaria manilaensis Yamamoto & Trono, 1994
Gracilaria mannarensis Umamaheswara Rao, 1974
Gracilaria mannariensis Umamaheswara Rao, 1974
Gracilaria maramae G.R.South, 1995
Gracilaria marcialana E.Y.Dawson, 1949
Gracilaria mayae A.J.K.Millar, 1997
Gracilaria megaspora (E.Y.Dawson) Papenfuss, 1967
墨西哥江蓠 Gracilaria mexicana (Kützing) P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan, 1878
Gracilaria microdendron J.Agardh, 1901
Gracilaria millardetii (Montagne) J.Agardh, 1885
小江蓠 Gracilaria minor (Sonder) Durairatnam, 1961
Gracilaria minuta Lewmanomont, 1994
Gracilaria mixta I.A.Abbott, J.Zhang & B.M.Xia, 1991
Gracilaria multipartita (Clemente) Harvey, 1846
Gracilaria occidentalis (Børgesen) M.Bodard, 1965
Gracilaria oliveirarum Gurgel, Fredericq & J.N.Norris, 2004
Gracilaria opuntia Durairatnam, 1962
Gracilaria ornata Areschoug, 1854
Gracilaria pachydermatica Setchell & Gardner, 1924
Gracilaria pacifica I.A.Abbott, 1985
Gracilaria palmettoides P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan, 1865
Gracilaria papenfussii I.A.Abbott, 1983
Gracilaria parvispora I.A.Abbott, 1985
Gracilaria patens P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan, 1865
Gracilaria pauciramosa (N.Rodríguez de Ríos) A.M.Bellorin, M.C.Oliveira, & E.C.Oliveira
Gracilaria percurrens (I.A.Abbott) I.A.Abbott, 1991
Gracilaria perplexa Byrne, K., Zuccarello, G.C., West, J., Liao, M.-L.& Kraft, G.T., 2002
Gracilaria peruana Piccone & Grunow, 1886
Gracilaria pinnata Setchell & N.L.Gardner, 1924
Gracilaria prolifica (Kützing) P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan, 1878
Gracilaria protea J.Agardh, 1901
Gracilaria pudumadamensis V.Krishnamurthy & N.R.Rajendran, 1987
Gracilaria pulvinata Skottsberg, 1923
斑点龙须菜 Gracilaria punctata (Okamura) Yamada, 1941:又名斑江笼 [ 14]
Gracilaria pygmaea Børgesen, 1937
Gracilaria pygmaea V.J.Chapman, 1979
Gracilaria ramisecunda E.Y.Dawson, 1949
Gracilaria reptans (Weber-van Bosse) P.C.Silva, 1996
Gracilaria rhodocaudata Yamamoto & Kudo, 1995
Gracilaria rhodymenioides A.J.K.Millar, 1997
Gracilaria robusta Setchell, 1899
红江蓠 Gracilaria rubra (C.Agardh) J.Agardh
Gracilaria rubra C.F.Chang & B.M.Xia, 1976
Gracilaria rubrimembra E.Y.Dawson, 1949
缢龙须菜 Gracilaria salicornia (C.Agardh) E.Y.Dawson, 1954[ 14]
Gracilaria salzmannii Bornet ex Möbius, 1889
Gracilaria secunda (C.Agardh) Zanardini, 1840
Gracilaria secundata Harvey, 1863
下田龙须菜 Gracilaria shimodensis Terada, R.& Yamamoto, H., 2000
Gracilaria silviae Lyra, Gurgel, M.C.Oliveira & J.M.C.Nunes, 2015
Gracilaria skottsbergii W.R.Taylor, 1945
Gracilaria smithsoniensis Gurgel, Fredericq & J.N.Norris, 2004
Gracilaria spinigera E.Y.Dawson, 1949
Gracilaria spinuligera Børgesen, 1952
刺边江篱 Gracilaria spinulosa (Okamura) Chang & B.M.Xia, 1976[ 14]
Gracilaria srilankia (Chang & B.Xia) Withell, A.J.K.Millar & Kraft, 1994
Gracilaria stellata I.A.Abbott, Zhang & B.M.Xia, 1991
Gracilaria stipitata A.F.Withell, A.J.K.Millar & Kraft, 1994
Gracilaria sublittoralis Yamada & Segawa ex H.Yamamoto, 1994
Gracilaria subsecundata Setchell & N.L.Gardner, 1924
Gracilaria subtilis (B.M.Xia & I.A.Abbott) B.M.Xia & I.A.Abbott, 1991
Gracilaria sullivanii Yamamoto & Trono, 1994
Gracilaria suzannae [ 21]
Gracilaria symmetrica E.Y.Dawson, 1949
台湾龙须菜 Gracilaria taiwanensis S.-M.Lin, L.-C.Liu & Payri, 2012:原作Gracilaria vieillardii [ 22]
Gracilaria tepocensis (E.Y.Dawson) E.Y.Dawson, 1961
Gracilaria textorii (Suringar) De Toni, 1895
Gracilaria tikvahiae McLachlan, 1979
Gracilaria truncata Kraft, 1977
Gracilaria turgida E.Y.Dawson, 1949
Gracilaria tuticorinensis V.Krishnamurthy & Rajendran, 1987
Gracilaria vanbosseae (I.A.Abbott) I.A.Abbott, 1991
Gracilaria veloroae E.Y.Dawson, 1944
委内瑞拉龙须菜 Gracilaria venezuelensis W.R.Taylor, 1942
真江篱 Gracilaria vermiculata P.J.L.Dangeard, 1949[ 23]
Gracilaria vieillardii P.C.Silva, 1987
Gracilaria vieirae M.P.Reis, 1977
绿龙须菜 Gracilaria viridis A.Sfriso, M.A.Wolf, K.Sciuto, M.Morabito, C.Andreoli & I.Moro, 2013[ 24]
Gracilaria yamamotoi Zhang & B.M.Xia, 1994
莺歌海龙须菜 Gracilaria yinggehaiensis Xia & Wang, 2002
异名:
Gracilaria andersonii
Gracilaria asiatica
异枝江蓠 Gracilaria bailinae Chang et Xia[ 17]
Gracilaria birdiae Palastino & E.C.Oliveira, 2002
Gracilaria cacalia
张氏龙须菜 Gracilaria changii (B.M.Xia & I.A.Abbott) I.A.Abbott, J.Zhang & B.M.Xia, 1991[ 14]
Gracilaria chilensis C.J.Bird, McLachlan & E.C.Oliveira, 1986
Gracilaria confervoides
Gracilaria cornea
细基江蓠 Gracilaria tenuistipitata C. F. Chang et B. M. Xia ,1976:今作 Agarophyton tenuistipitatum (C.F.Chang & B.-M.Xia) Gurgel, J.N.Norris & Fredericq, 2018
Gracilaria urvilleii
Gracilaria usneoides
江蓠 Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Ohmi) Papenfuss, 1967,オゴノリ
Gracilaria yoneshigueana Gurgel, Fredericq & J.N.Norris, 2004
木村修次; 黒泽弘光 (编). 大修館現代漢和辞典. 大修馆出版. 1996-12-10: 687 (日语) .
Oliveira, E.C., de; Plastino, E.M. Gracilariaceae. Akatsuka, Isamu (编). Biology of Economic Algae. SPB Academic Publishing. 1994. ISBN 9789051030938 .
Davidson, Alan . Seafood of South-East Asia: A Comprehensive Guide with Recipes. Ten Speed Press . 2004: 197. ISBN 978-1-58008-452-9 .
Kazłowski B, Chiu YH, Kazłowska K, Pan CL, Wu CJ. Prevention of Japanese encephalitis virus infections by low-degree-polymerisation sulfated saccharides from Gracilaria sp. and Monostroma nitidum . Food Chem . 2012-08, 133 (3): 866–74. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.106 (英语) .
Volynkin, Alex. Growing Gracilaria Parvispora . Salt Water Reefing. 2013-09-28 [2016-12-18 ] . (原始内容存档 于2021-06-29) (英语) . This brings me back to Achilles’s diet. The guy apparently really likes Gracilaria macro algae. No wonder, especially considering that the grass is indigenous to Hawaii as well, and is considered the favorite food for tangs.
Spencer, M. A. Pythium porphyrae. (Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria) . IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria . 2004, 162 (Sheet 1617) [2017-10-10 ] (英语) . A description is provided for Pythium porphyrae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASES: Red-rot disease, red-wasting disease. HOSTS: Bangia atropurpurea, Callophyllis adhaerens, Polyopes affinis (syn
Carlos Frederico D. Gurgel, Suzanne Fredericq, James N. Norris & Yocie Yoneshigue-Valentin (2008) Two new flat species of Gracilaria (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) from Brazil: G. abyssalis sp. nov. and G. brasiliensis sp. nov., Phycologia, 47:3, 249-264, DOI: 10.2216/PH06-59.1
Ng, P.-K. ; Lim, P.-E.; Phang, S.-M. Radiation of the red algal parasite Congracilaria babae onto a secondary host species, Hydropuntia sp. (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta). PLoS One . 2014, 9 ({5, e97450}): 1–11, 4 fig, 3 tables (英语) .
藻類:粗龍鬚菜 Gracilaria firma | Chang & Xia, 1976. 臺灣常見經濟性水產:動植物圖鑑 . 行政院农业委员会渔业署. : 52 [2021-08-19 ] . (原始内容存档 于2019-12-30) (中文(繁体)) .
Jantana Saengkaew, Narongrit Muangmai, Jakaphan Bulan and Giuseppe C. Zuccarello. 2022. Gracilaria khanjanapajiae sp. nov. (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) from the Andaman Coast of Thailand. Phycologia. DOI: 10.1080/00318884.2022.2062189
Narongrit Muangmai, Giuseppe C. Zuccarello, Thidarat Noiraksa and Khanjanapaj Lewmanomont. 2014. A New Flat Gracilaria: Gracilaria lantaensis sp. nov. (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) from the Andaman Coast of Thailand. Phycologia. 53(2); 137-145. DOI: 10.2216/13-215.1
Luanda Pereira Soares, Carlos Frederico D. Gurgel & Mutue Toyota Fujii (2018) Gracilaria suzannae sp. nov. (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta), a new flattened species from northeast Brazil based on morphological and molecular evidence, Phycologia, 57:3, 345-353, DOI: 10.2216/17-102.1
Lin, S.-M.; Liu, L.-C. Liu; Payri, C. Characterization of Gracilaria vieillardii and molecular phylogeny of foliose species from the western Pacific Ocean, including a description of G. taiwanensis. Phycologia. 2012, 51 (4): 421–431 (英语) .
Adriano Sfriso, Marion Adelheid Wolf, Katia Sciuto, Marina Morabito, Carlo Andreoli & Isabella Moro (2013) Gracilaria viridis sp. nov. (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta): a new red algal species from the Mediterranean Sea, Phycologia, 52:1, 65-73, DOI: 10.2216/12-007.1
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