《小部·小义释(英语:Niddesa)》:“Janapadehi saṅgatā ti aṅgā ca magadhā ca kaliṅgā ca kāsiyā ca kosalā ca vajjiyā ca mallā ca cetiyamhā ca vaṁsā ca kurumhā ca pañcālā ca macchā ca surasenā ca assakā ca avantiyā ca yonā ca kambojā ca. ”
Shumbha, Sumbha, Śumbha: 10 definitions. [2020-06-04]. (原始内容存档于2020-06-04). A country in which was Desaka (?), where Udayi visited the Buddha during a stay there, and had a conversation with him Suhmas - Indianetzone. [2024-06-03]. (原始内容存档于2024-06-02). Rarhabhum - Region ( Rarhbhum / Rarhbhumi / Suhma / Subhabhumi /). [2024-06-03]. (原始内容存档于2024-06-03). All ancient literature from about 5 cent bce onward, abundantly refer to the region as Suhma, Subha, Sumbha with suffixes of -bhumi, -desa or -rasthra/-ratta) while the neighboring tract of land was called Prasuhma (actual name Punda/pundra and later Varendra). Yet simultaneously (during the same periods) there is occasional mention of Lara / Ladha people = Rarha and thus It is apparent that Rarha was the name of the peoples as they called themselves while Subha "auspicious" / Suhma was what outsiders called the peoples/region. By 1000ce Rarha had entirely replaced Suhma in literature as the name of the region/peoples and in 1500ce Nilakantha sums up the matter by stating that Suhma and Rarha (mentioned in ancient literature) refer to the same peoples / region.
Vanga - Palikanon. [2020-06-04]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-06). It is nowhere mentioned in the four Nikāyas, nor included among the Mahājanapadas.……The Milinda (p. 359) mentions Vanga as a trading place to be reached by sea.
Bhante Sujato. Is there a nice “literary” map of early Buddhism?. [2024-06-16]. (原始内容存档于2024-06-16). Vaṅga is the mainstream reading in the Mahasangiti edition, but it can be ruled out, as it is the name of a separate kingdom that is not mentioned in the Pali canon, east of Anga. I think Vanga is vi + anga, “divided Anga”, i.e. portion of Anga split off to the east. It is modern Bangla. It is unlikely that this is what is meant here, because the names are loosely in geographical order from the east (following the sun), and it’s in the wrong spot. Probably in the time of the suttas Vanga was not considered a separate kingdom.
Glossary to the Abhisamācārikā Dharmāḥ of the Mahāsāṃghika-Lokottaravādins. 佛学术语字辞典 -Glossary to the Abhisamācārikā Dharmāḥ of the Mahāsāṃghika-Lokottaravādins (比丘威仪法词典). [2024-06-20]. (原始内容存档于2024-06-20). Aṅga-Magadha-Mallī-Varji-Kāśi-Kośala-Kuru-Pañcāla-Ceti-Vatsa-Matsya-Śūrasena-Śibi-Daśārṇa-Aśvaki-Avanti
J.M. Kenoyer (2006), "Cultures and Societies of the Indus Tradition. In Historical Roots" in the Making of ‘the Aryan’, R. Thapar (ed.), pp. 21–49. New Delhi, National Book Trust.