逊奈与大众派（阿拉伯语：أهل السنة والجماعة，罗马化：Ahl ūs-Sunnah wa āl-Jamāʿah），简称逊尼派（阿拉伯语：أهل السنة，罗马化：ʾAhl ūs-Sunnah），是伊斯兰教的多数派，占全球穆斯林的85－90%[1][2]。教派的名称源自圣行（逊奈）一词，该词的意思是先知穆罕默德的榜样，逊尼派强调穆斯林要遵从他的所作所为。逊尼派穆斯林的日常生活受到四大法学派别的指导，这些法学派别务求要从真主的启示当中找到应用和落实在生活当中的方式。尽管逊尼派有不同的法学和神学派别，其面貌和特性也受到历史背景、地域及文化影响，但共同的观点是承认四大哈里发的正统地位，并指其他的伊斯兰教教派自创（阿拉伯语：بدعة），偏离了主流信仰[3]。
西北非的柏柏尔人亦打造了一个与塞尔柱王朝类似的国度。受到逊尼派宗教的狂热刺激，穆拉比特王朝在1070至1080年代控制了整个西北非[44](后包括西班牙)。根据汉弗莱·费希尔（Humphrey J. Fisher）等学者的研究，指出“与穆拉比特王朝交好的加纳索宁克人受到劝导信奉逊尼派，使之成为加纳帝国的国教”[45]。
一些倡议现代化的穆斯林试图重新审视过往的宗教立论，例如赛义德·艾哈默德·汗提出以科学的角度看待《古兰经》里描述的奇迹，又认为一些圣训不合时宜，不适用于当代穆斯林[69]。埃及法学家穆罕默德·穆斯塔法·沙拉比（Muhammad Mustafa Shalabi）提倡重新应用伊智提哈德，设立宗教立法机关，根据现世需要探讨和修正早期穆斯林学者的法律诠释[70]。逊尼派神学家法兹勒·拉赫曼（乌尔都语：فضل الرحمن ملک）被认为是“20世纪末最重要和最具影响力的穆斯林现代主义思想家”，他认为看待伊斯兰教的历史传统要考虑其时代背景[71]。
所有穆斯林都同意真主只有一个，穆斯林哲学家伊本·西那提出真主在哲学上是“必然存在”，后来经过逊尼派神学家法赫尔丁·拉齐（阿拉伯语：فخر الدين الرازي）等人的发扬光大，真主“必然存在”的说法得到逊尼派的接纳[82]。逊尼派与什叶派都恪守一神论[83]。逊尼派的一神论有四个原则，分别是崇拜的对象只有安拉、确立《古兰经》地位和认证圣行里提到的神性、安拉是不可比拟及安拉是所有法则的根源[84]。
穆尔太齐赖派批评这种主张，指出在真主内外另存永恒不朽的神性违反一神论。为了解决这个问题，学者塔夫塔扎尼（波斯语：تفتازانی）指出这些神性各不相同，它们不是神的本质，而是构成神的部分，这成为了逊尼派的基本看法[89]。俄国穆斯林学者阿布·纳斯尔·夸萨维（Abu Nasr Qursawi）认同真主的独一性和超然地位，并指这些特质十分重要，确保了祂的永恒不朽和必然存在[90]。
随着西方在穆斯林世界的影响力与日俱增及受到殖民主义的影响，奥斯曼帝国衰落，变成殖民托管地及独立国家，促使穆斯林学者重新审视哈里发制度。埃及学者阿里·阿卜杜勒·拉齐克（阿拉伯语：علي عبد الرازق）提出，《古兰经》及圣行都没有提到穆斯林有建立哈里发国的义务，哈里发国只是历史发展的产物，并非加诸于现代穆斯林身上的义务[117]。拉齐克支持伊斯兰教与政治完全切割，又称“哈里发制没有宗教职能，只有司法和其他重要功能，是国家权力的机器。这些职能都是纯政治性质，与宗教无关”[118]。
伊制玛尔是逊尼派伊斯兰教法的四大支柱之一，它是指法学家对特定议题一致的法律意见。逊尼派法学家阿米迪（阿拉伯语：سيف الدين الآمدي）把它定义为穆智台希德（伊斯兰教法的权威学者）的一致意见，他们在穆罕默德逝世后可就穆斯林社群的问题作出决议。安萨里则定义为是穆罕默德的族群在宗教观点上的共识[162]。它的根源来自穆罕默德曾经说过“我的子民绝不对谬见妥协”[163]。获逊尼派认可的首任哈里发阿布·伯克尔就是通过穆斯林社群领导人的共识，同意由他来继承穆罕默德[164]。当《古兰经》和圣训都无法解决新问题的时候，熟识法律的穆智台希德可就有关问题决议和提供意见。新的法规可以通过伊制玛尔而产生，满足伊斯兰社会不断演变的需求[165]。
圣训学者伊本·阿比·杜尼亚（阿拉伯语：ابن أبي الدنيا）援引倭马亚王朝哈里发韦立德一世所指“歌唱降低了人们的羞耻心，增加了他们的欲望，败坏男子气慨，行醉酒之事”，概括了伊斯兰学者对音乐反感的态度[187]。罕百里派学者伊本·泰米叶甚至抨击苏菲派的歌唱舞蹈是异端和多神信仰[188]。不过，卡热达维的取态却较温和，他认为应否禁制音乐要视乎听众的反应，如果音乐可以倡导爱意、使人们可以亲近真主和爱人，那就没有反对的理由，但如果它们诱使人们滥药和进行非法性行为，那么这些音乐便违反教律[189]。
逊尼派法学家认为婚姻的目的是要建立终生的合法关系，故婚约不能包含时限，禁止临时婚姻，但哈乃斐派法学家扎法尔·伊本·胡第尔（Zafar ibn Hudhail）认为临时婚姻依然是有效的婚姻，但有关限时的条款是无效[194]。根据逊尼派的法律，婚约的缔结需要两位合资格的见证人见证，但离婚却不需要见证人[195]。《古兰经》提到穆斯林男子可迎娶贞洁的犹太人及基督徒，逊尼派并无异议，哈里发奥斯曼也娶了身为基督徒的奈拉[196]。
创立穆尔太齐赖派的瓦西尔·伊本·阿塔（阿拉伯语：واصل بن عطاء）原本师承神学家哈桑·巴斯里（阿拉伯语：الحسن البصري），但他们因一次法学争辩而分道扬镳。他开办了自己的讲道班，解释他的法律和神学见解，因此他们一派被称为穆尔太齐赖（阿拉伯语里“分离者”的意思）。穆尔太齐赖派根据其学说而发展出一套信仰和理论，包括五大要点：坚信一神论；相信真主的本质是正义，不对人类的行为负责；不在哈瓦利吉派与穆尔吉埃派（阿拉伯语：مرجئة）的激辩之间选边站；相信真主的赏罚取决于实际功过，而非意识；鼓励隐恶扬善[202]。
除了科摩罗，大多数逊尼派为主的国家都没有指明该派为国教。科摩罗在2018年修宪，指明逊尼派是该国的国教，国民在宗教习俗和社交上应遵行逊尼派的教义[参 1]。虽然马尔代夫在宪法上只称伊斯兰教为国教，但总统、法官及议员都必须是逊尼派穆斯林[239]。埃及宪法（英语：Constitution of Egypt）第219条强调了逊尼派在社会上的特殊地位和重要性，2012年修宪把伊斯兰教法的定义收窄为逊尼派伊斯兰教法[240][241]。
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