麗蠅是屬於麗蠅科的蒼蠅。麗蠅外表一般都呈金屬色，長約10-12毫米。
描述
麗蠅成蟲的外表有光澤的金屬色，一般都是藍色、綠色或黑色。觸角分三節及有芒。整條觸角芒都呈羽毛狀，第二節的觸角上有明顯的凹陷位。麗蠅一般都有額縫及腋瓣。
麗蠅的副基節上有剛毛，特別是在側至前接縫有兩條背側剛毛及最後的肩後剛毛。
胸部背上有連續的接縫。沒有後楯板，或是發育不良。有完整的前緣脈及明顯的亞前緣脈。
大部份麗蠅都是吸血生殖。雌蠅在產卵前會吃腐肉以吸取所需要的大量蛋白質，但這仍要更多證實。
麗蠅卵一般都是黃色或白色，約1.5毫米闊及0.4毫米長，產下時像飯糰。雌蠅是反覆生殖的，每次會產150-200顆卵，一生約產2000顆卵。麗蠅的性別比例一般為1:1，但緋顏裸金蠅及白頭裸金蠅則是產雄的或產雌的。
由卵孵化至一齡幼蟲階段只需8小時至1天的時間。幼蟲共有三個發育階段，每個階段都會脫皮。幼蟲會分泌蛋白水解酶來消化家畜或屍體的蛋白質。麗蠅可隨環境而改變體溫，所以牠們生長的速度很受溫度的影響。在室溫下，伏蠅只需150-266小時（即6-11天）的時間由卵結蛹。當三齡幼蟲階段完成後，幼蟲會離開屍體及鑽入地下，7-14日後出來就成為了成蟲。
麗蠅成蟲有時是吃花粉的，會被散發腐肉味的花朵所吸引，如巴婆或死馬海芋。麗蠅會消化花蜜為碳水化合物，但並不清楚怎樣轉換。麗蠅的視覺是觸發牠從飛行中收縮腳降落的關鍵。[2]
分佈
麗蠅已知有1100種，其中在新熱帶界有228種，而大部份的都在非洲及歐洲南部。最普遍的分佈在印度、日本、中美洲及美國南部。
經濟重點
麗蠅是芒果重要的授粉昆蟲，農民會以無食用價值或較低食用價值的魚頭等，吸引麗蠅前來產卵，並為其授粉，以增加產量。
麗蠅也是印度棗重要的授粉昆蟲之一，農民會以無食用價值或較低食用價值的魚肉、魚料等，來吸引麗蠅前來產卵，一般在網室或溫室內需要麗蠅的第二代，才具有其授粉效益。
由於引致人類及動物蠅蛆病的成因主要是來自狂蠅總科的麗蠅科及麻蠅科物種，故此麗蠅很多成為治療此病的研究對象。單單銅綠蠅在澳洲每年就造成超過$1億7千萬的經濟損失。在人類發生的蠅蛆病主要分類6種：皮膚及皮下、面部、傷口或創傷、胃腸道、陰道及一般的蠅蛆病。蠅蛆病的幼蟲一般都是在一齡階段。現時唯一的治療方法是清除蛆蟲，讓病人自行康復。[3]
螺旋蛆曾是美國南部的一種害蟲，被大量的滅殺。
蛆清創療法是利用嚴選、已測試及消毒後的蠅蛆來清理未能癒合的傷口。絲光綠蠅是這套療法常用的物種。[5]牠們會吃掉死去及感染的組織，殺死細菌及引發傷口癒合。這類治療的問題是一些物種會連同健康的組織也吃掉，但卻可以治療壓瘡、糖尿病足潰瘍傷口、鬱血性潰瘍及手術後傷口。[6]
麗蠅是痢疾及其他人類及動物疾病的傳播媒介。麗蠅及綠蠅屬的幼蟲或成蟲在吃腐肉時，會吸入屍體上的微生物及分枝桿菌屬。[7]牛、豬及鳥類也是從麗蠅中感染了副結核病。[8]
鑑證
麗蠅可以在1.6公里以外的地方嗅到屍體的氣味，故往往是最先與屍體接觸的昆蟲。雌蠅會在屍體身上產卵，由於幼蟲的發育是可以預算的，故麗蠅在鑑證上是重要的工具。傳統計算死亡時間在72小時後就變得不可靠。
紅頭麗蠅及屍藍蠅都是鑑證學上的重要蒼蠅，另外也會使用伏蠅、反吐麗蠅、銅綠蠅、絲光綠蠅、亮綠蠅、紅顏金蠅、大頭金蠅及次生錐蠅。有傳指綠蠅屬可以感受到死亡，並隨着死亡而出現。[11]
下級分類
本科包括以下屬：[12]
- Abago Grunin, 1966
- Adichosina Villeneuve, 1934
- Afrohelicobia Zumpt, 1972
- Albuquerquea Pinto de Melo, 1967
- 阿麗蠅屬 Aldrichina Townsend, 1934
- Amenia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830
- Angioneura Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1893
- Anisomyia Walker, 1859
- Apaulina Hall, 1948
- Aphyssura Hardy, 1940
- Arisbaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863
- Auchmeromyia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891
- Auchmeromyiella Townsend, 1918
- Avihospita Hendel, 1901
- 陪麗蠅屬 Bellardia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863
- Bengalia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830
- Bharatomyia Lehrer, 2009
- Biomyioides
- Blepharicnema Macquart, 1843
- Booponus Aldrich, 1923
- Bushrhina Lehrer, 2007
- Caiusa Surcouf, 1919
- 麗蠅屬 Calliphora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830
- Calliphoria
- Callitrogopsis Townsend, 1935
- Callyntropyga Enderlein, 1940
- 扁頭蠅屬 Catapicephala Macquart, 1851
- Ceylonomyia Fan, 1965
- Chaetocynomyia Enderlein, 1933
- Chlorobrachycoma Townsend, 1918
- Chloroprocta Wulp, 1896
- Choeromyia Roubaud, 1911
- Chopardia Surcouf, 1919
- Chopardimyia
- Chrysomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830
- Chrysomyia
- Chrysopyrellia Séguy, 1927
- Cochiliomyia
- Cochliomyia Townsend, 1915
- Coganomyia Dear, 1977
- Compsomyia Rondani, 1875
- Compsomyiops Townsend, 1918
- Cordylobia Gruenberg, 1903
- Cretaphormia McAlpine, 1970
- Curranitopia Zumpt, 1961
- Cyanus Hall, 1948
- 藍蠅屬 Cynomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830
- 擬藍蠅屬 Cynomyiomima Rohdendorf, 1924
- Cynophaga Lioy, 1864
- Decaryella Séguy, 1926
- Denatella
- Dexopollenia Townsend, 1917
- Dobrogiella Lehrer & Oprisan, 2013
- Dyscritomyia Grimshaw, 1901
- Eggisops Rondani, 1862
- Elephantolaemus
- Elephantoloemus Austen, 1930
- Epiplastocerus Silvestri, 1920
- Episthetosoma Hollande, Cachon & Vaillant, 1952
- Ethiochoa Lehrer, 2008
- Eucalliphora Townsend, 1908
- Eucompsomyia Malloch, 1927
- Eumesembrinella Townsend, 1931
- Euphumosia Malloch, 1926
- Eurychaeta Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891
- Formosiomima Enderlein, 1936
- Gerschia Lehrer, 1970
- Ghanacyclea Lehrer, 2013
- Giovanella Bonatto & Marinoni, 2005
- Glutoxys Aldrich, 1929
- Gulmargia Rognes, 1993
- 裸變麗蠅屬 Gymnadichosia Villeneuve, 1927
- Habeshomyia Lehrer, 2010
- Hemichrysomyia Séguy, 1925
- Hemigymnochaeta Corti, 1895
- Hemilucilia Brauer, 1895
- 帶綠蠅屬 Hemipyrellia Townsend, 1918
- Henriquella Bonatto & Marinoni, 2005
- Huascaromusca Townsend, 1918
- 巨尾蠅屬 Hypopygiopsis Townsend, 1916
- 等彩蠅屬 Isomyia Walker, 1859
- Kenia Malloch, 1927
- Keniella Malloch, 1929
- Kerichophalla Lehrer, 2009
- Kilimophalla Lehrer, 2010
- Klinzigia Lehrer, 1970
- Kuschelomyia De Souza Lopes, 1961
- Laneella Mello, 1967
- Liostiria Enderlein, 1936
- Lispoparea Aldrich, 1930
- Lomwerhina Lehrer, 2007
- 綠蠅屬 Lucilia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830
- Mafikengia
- Mallochomyia Townsend, 1926
- Megaloprepes Bigot, 1859
- Melanocephala
- Melanodexia Williston, 1893
- Melanomya Rondani, 1856
- 蝸蠅屬 Melinda Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830
- Melindopsis Kurahashi, 1964
- Microcalliphora Townsend, 1916
- Mindanosia Lehrer, 2011
- Mongoliopsis Lehrer, 1970
- Morinia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830
- Mufetia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830
- Mufetiella Villeneuve, 1933
- Mya
- Myiolucilia Hall, 1948
- Neoamenia Malloch, 1930
- Neocordylobia Villeneuve, 1929
- Neomelinda Pic, 1928
- Nepalonesia
- Nepenthomyia Kurahashi & Beaver, 1979
- Nesodexia Villeneuve, 1911
- Neta Shannon, 1926
- Nitellia
- Noviculicauda Fan, 1997
- Obscuria Malloch, 1925
- Oceanocalliphora Kurahashi, 1972
- Ochracea
- Ochromelinda Villeneuve, 1915
- Ochromyia Macquart, 1835
- Ocrisia Séguy, 1935
- 蚓蠅屬 Onesia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830
- Onesihoplisa Villeneuve, 1926
- Onesioides Schumann, 1974
- 擬蚓蠅屬 Onesiomima Rodendorf, 1962
- Onesohoplisa
- Opelodexia Reinhard, 1945
- Opelousia Townsend, 1919
- Opsodexia Townsend, 1915
- Orneocalliphora Peus, 1960
- Pachychoeromyia Villeneuve, 1920
- Parachromyia
- Paracompsomyia Hough, 1898
- 變麗蠅屬 Paradichosia Senior-White, 1923
- Paraethiopisca Zumpt, 1972
- Paralucilia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891
- Paramenia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1890
- Paraphumosia Séguy, 1926
- Paraplastocerus Hollande, Cachon & Vaillant, 1952
- Paraplatytropesa Crosskey, 1965
- Parapyrellia Townsend, 1915
- Paratricyclea Villeneuve, 1913
- Parochromyia Hough, 1898
- Paurothrix Bezzi, 1927
- Pavlovskiomyia Grunin, 1948
- Pericallimyia Villeneuve, 1915
- Phamosia
- Phormia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830
- Phormiata Grunin, 1971
- Phumolucilia Malloch, 1929
- Phumonesia Villeneuve, 1914
- Phumosia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830
- Plastocerontus Silvestri, 1920
- Platytropesa Macquart, 1851
- Plinthomyia Rondani, 1875
- Poeciphalloides Zumpt, 1972
- 粉蠅屬 Pollenia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830
- Polleniella
- 擬粉蠅屬 Polleniopsis Townsend, 1917
- Pollenoides Matsumura, 1916
- 粉腹麗蠅屬 Pollenomyia Séguy, 1925
- Pollinia
- Prosthetochaeta Grimshaw, 1901
- Prosthetosoma Silvestri, 1920
- Protocalliphora Hough, 1899
- 原伏蠅屬 Protophormia Townsend, 1908
- Pseudopsodexia Townsend, 1935
- Pseudormia Séguy, 1926
- Ptilonesia Bezzi, 1927
- Ptylostylum Macquart, 1851
- Rhynchoestrus Séguy, 1926
- Rohdendorfia Townsend, 1934
- Rohdendorfina Townsend, 1935
- Roraimomusca Townsend, 1935
- Sarconesia Bigot, 1857
- Sarconesiomima Lopes & Albuquerque, 1955
- Sarconesiopsis Townsend, 1918
- Shakaniella Lehrer, 2005
- 閃迷蠅屬 Silbomyia Macquart, 1843
- Sindhigalia Lehrer, 2006
- Sisyhelicobia Zumpt, 1972
- Somalia Hough, 1898
- Somomya Rondani, 1861
- Spinthemyia Bigot, 1859
- Stasisia Surcouf, 1914
- Stilbomyella Malloch, 1935
- Stilbomyia Agassiz, 1846
- Stomorhina Rondani, 1861
- 台南蠅屬 Tainanina Villeneuve, 1926
- Termitocalliphora Bauristhene, 1964
- Termitoloemus Baranov, 1936
- Tetraplastocerus Silvestri, 1920
- Thairhina Lehrer, 2007
- Theria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830
- Toxotarsus Macquart, 1851
- 叉麗蠅屬 Triceratopyga Rohdendorf, 1931
- Tricycleala Villeneuve, 1937
- 鬃腹麗蠅屬 Tricycleopsis Villeneuve, 1927
- Tricyclodes Curran, 1927
- Trixoneura Shannon, 1926
- Trongia Townsend, 1916
- Trypocalliphora Peus, 1960
- Vanemdenia Peris, 1951
- Verticia Malloch, 1927
- Viridinsula Shannon, 1926
- Wilhelmina Villeneuve, 1932
- Xenocalliphora Malloch, 1924
- Xerophilophaga Enderlein, 1933
- Zernyiella Zumpt, 1956
- Zonochroa Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891
參考
外部連結
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