蓼科[1](Polygonaceae),蓼科是被子植物的一個科,在美國也被非正式地稱為虎杖科knotweed family或春蓼—蕎麥科smartweed-buckwheat family。蓼科名稱基於蓼屬,由Antoine Laurent de Jussieu於1789 年首次使用。這個名字可能指的是某些物種的莖上有許多突出的莖節,源自希臘語[poly意思是「許多」,gony意思是「膝蓋」或「關節」]。或者,它可能有不同的起源,意思是「許多種子」。大部分蓼科植物是多年生草本植物,莖節龐大,但蓼科也有喬木、灌木和藤本植物。蓼科植物的葉子為單葉,互生。高從40公分到160公分以上都有。葉子通常呈現兩兩互生及長針狀,有柄。花朵則通常長成穗狀。一般來說,該種植物都生長在水田,人造溝渠或濕地。[2]
蓼科約有50屬,1120種。本科植物主要分佈於溫帶地區,有少數種類分佈於熱帶地區,中國有12屬約200餘種。植株為草本、灌木或小喬木。花雌雄同株或雌雄異株。
下屬分類
本科包括以下屬:
- Acanthoscyphus Small
- Aconogonum (Meisn.) Rchb.
- Afrobrunnichia Hutch. & Dalziel
- 珊瑚藤屬 Antigonon Endl.
- Aristocapsa Reveal & C.B.Hardham
- 木蓼屬 Atraphaxis L.
- Avicularia Steud., 1840
- Bactria Yurtseva & Mavrodiev
- Bergeria J.Koenig ex Steud.
- 拳參屬 Bistorta (L.) Mill., 1754
- Bistorta (L.) Scop.
- Bistorta Adans.
- Bruennichia Willd., 1799
- Brunnichia Banks ex Gaertn.
- Caelestium Yurtseva & Mavrodiev
- 沙拐棗屬 Calligonum L.
- Centinodium Friche-Joset & Montandon, 1856
- Centropodium Lindl., 1836
- Centrostegia A.Gray
- Centrostegia A.Gray ex Benth.
- Cephalophilum Börner, 1913
- 刺花蓼屬 Chorizanthe R.Br. ex Benth.
- 海葡萄屬 Coccoloba L., 1759
- Coccolobites Berry, 1916
- Coccolobites Visiani, 1858
- Cocoloba Raf., 1837
- Conobaea Bert. ex Steud.
- Dedeckera Reveal & J.T.Howell
- Dodecahema Reveal & C.B.Hardham
- Duma T.M.Schust.
- 刺酸模屬 Emex L.
- Encycla Benth., 1856
- Enneatypus Herzog
- Eriogonum Michx.
- Eskemukerjea Malick & Sengupta
- Espinosa Lagasca, 1816
- 蕎麥屬 Fagopyrum Mill.
- Fagopyrum Tourn. ex Haller
- 首烏屬 Fallopia Adans.,蔓蓼屬
- Falopia Steud., 1821
- Favrodina L.Reynier ex J.D.Reuss, 1802
- Gilmania Coville
- Goodmania Reveal & Ertter
- Guaiabara Plum. ex Boehm.
- Gymnopodium Rolfe
- Harfordia Greene & Parry
- Harpagocarpus Hutch. & Dandy
- Heptarinia Raf.
- Hollisteria S.Watson
- Johanneshowellia Reveal
- 西伯利亞蓼屬 Knorringia (Czukav.) S.P.Hong, 1990
- Knorringia (Czukav.) Tzvelev.
- 冰島蓼屬 Koenigia L.
- Lagunaena Ritgen
- Lapathum Adans., 1763
- 燈台蓼屬 Lastarriaca J.Rémy, 1851
- 海地蓼屬 Leptogonum Benth., 1880
- Magoniella Adr.Sanchez
- Mucronea Benth.
- 千葉蘭屬 Muehlenbeckia Meisn.
- 絨頭蓼屬 Nemacaulis Nutt., 1848
- 木虎杖屬 Neomillspaughia S.F.Blake, 1921
- Nibo Steud., 1821
- Oxygonum Burchell ex Campderá
- 山蓼屬 Oxyria Hill
- Oxytheca Nutt.
- Parogonum (Haraldson) Desjardins & J.P.Bailey
- Pauladolphia Börner, 1913
- Persicana Tourn. ex Scop.
- 春蓼屬 Persicaria (L.) Mill.
- Persicaria Scopoli
- Podopterus Humb. & Bonpl.
- Poligonum Neck.
- Polycolporopollenites M.Kedves, 1965
- Polygonacidites S.C.D.Sah & S.K.Dutta, 1968
- Polygonella Michx.
- Polygonites Saporta, 1865
- Polygonocarpum H.Weyland, 1937
- 萹蓄屬 Polygonum L.
- Pteropyrum Jaub. & Spach
- Pterostegia Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
- 翼蓼屬 Pteroxygonum Dammer & Diels
- Rayania Meisn., 1856
- 虎杖屬 Reynoutria Houtt.
- Rhabarbarum Tourn. ex Adans., 1763
- 大黃屬 Rheum L.
- 酸模屬 Rumex L.
- Ruprechtia C.A.Mey.
- Salta Adr.Sanchez
- Schlosseria Mill. ex Steud.
- Sidotheca Reveal
- Stenogonum Nutt.
- Styphorrhiza Ehrh., 1789
- Symmeria Benth.
- Symmeria Meisn.
- Systenotheca Reveal & C.B.Hardham
- 蓼樹屬 Triplaris Loefl. ex L.
- Velasquezia Pritz., 1855
- ×Fallenbeckia M.H.J.van der Meer
- ×Polygonorumex J.Weill
- ×Reyllopia Holub
註釋
參考文獻
外部連結
Wikiwand in your browser!
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.
Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.