吉茲語

吉茲語
吉茲語
格厄茲語
ግዕዝ Gəʿəz
發音	國際音標：[ɡɨʕɨz]
母語國家和地區	厄立特里亞、埃塞俄比亞
語言滅亡	估計在4世紀至10世紀之間。; 仍然作為禮拜語言使用。
語系	亞非語系閃米特語族西閃米特語支南閃族語言（英語：South Semitic languages）埃塞俄比亞閃族語言（英語：Ethiopian Semitic languages）北埃塞俄比亞語言（英語：North Ethiopic languages）吉茲語; ; ; ; ; ;
文字	吉茲字母
官方地位
作為官方語言	埃塞俄比亞正教會、厄立特里亞正教會（英語：Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church）、埃塞俄比亞禮天主教會及貝塔以色列人的禮拜語言。
語言代碼
ISO 639-2	gez
ISO 639-3	gez
	本條目包含國際音標符號。部分作業系統及瀏覽器需要特殊字母與符號支援才能正確顯示，否則可能顯示為亂碼、問號、空格等其它符號。

吉茲語^[5]^[6]（英語：Geʽez，/ˈɡiːɛz/^[7]^[8]）或格厄茲語^[9]（吉茲語：ግዕዝ，Gəʿəz，國際音標：[ɡɨʕɨz]^{[註 1]}），又稱古典埃塞俄比亞語，是一種古代的語言，現在只作宗教用途。這種語言在東非洲的非洲之角、埃塞俄比亞高原之上發展。

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[a]
/æ/ in the Amharic liturgical pronunciation,^[10] or /ɐ/^[11] (as in Tigrinya).
[b]
According to Lambdin.^[12]

[1]
Evans De Lacy O'Leary, 2000 "Comparative grammar of the semitic languages". Routledge. P 23.
[2]
Gene Gragg 1997. "The Semitic Languages". Taylor & Francis. Robert Hetzron Ed. ISBN 978-0-415-05767-7.
[3]
"No longer in popular use, Ge'ez has always remained the language of the Church", [CHA]
[4]
"They read the Bible in Geez" (Leaders and Religion of the Falashas); "after each passage, recited in Geez, the translation is read in Kailina" (Festivals). [PER]. Note the publication date of this source.
[5]
唐作藩. 中国语言文字学大辞典. 中國大百科全書出版社. 2007: 6. ISBN 9787500076803.
[6]
簡明大英百科全書. 臺灣中華書局. 1988: 56, 625.
[7]
Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student’s Handbook, Edinburgh
[8]
Geez. 牛津英語詞典 (第三版). 牛津大學出版社. 2005-09 （英語）.
[9]
洪放. 死海古卷. 揭示二千年前聖經真貌（下）. 基督教週報. No. 2487 (香港華人基督教聯會). 2012-04-22 [2020-09-30]. （原始內容存檔於2017-03-20）（中文（繁體））.
[10]
Gragg 1997a，第177頁: "/ä/ is low central front, higher and more forward than /a/, secondarily perhaps also shorter; approximates IPA [æ]."
[11]
Lambdin 1978，第3頁: "a [æ, ä]"
[12]
Lambdin 1978，第3頁: "ā [a, ɑ]"

[BUD] Budge, E. A. Wallis. 1928. A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia, Oosterhout, the Netherlands: Anthropological Publications, 1970.
CHA Chain, M. Ethiopia transcribed by: Donahue M. in The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume V. Published 1909. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Nihil Obstat, May 1, 1909. Remy Lafort, Censor. Imprimatur. + John M. Farley, Archbishop of New York
[DIR] Diringer, David. 1968. The Alphabet, A Key To The History of Mankind.
[KOB] Kobishchanov, Yuri M. 1979. Axum in SomeCollectionOfWritings^{[來源請求]}, edited by Joseph W. Michels; translated by: Lorraine T. Kapitanoff. University Park, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania. ISBN 978-0-271-00531-7.
MAT Matara Aksumite & Pre-Aksumite City Webpage
MUN（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） Munro-Hay Stuart. 1991. Aksum: An African Civilization of Late Antiquity. Edinburgh: University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-0106-6.
[PAN68] Pankhurst, Richard K.P. 1968.An Economic History of Ethiopia, 1800-1935, Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie I University Press.
PAN03 （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） Pankhurst, Richard K.P. A Glimpse into 16th. Century Ethiopian History Abba 'Enbaqom, Imam Ahmad Ibn Ibrahim, and the "Conquest of Abyssinia". Addis Tribune. November 14, 2003.
PER （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） Perruchon, J. D. and Gottheil, Richard. Falashas in The Jewish Encyclopidia. 1901-1906.

Aläqa Tayyä, Maṣḥafa sawāsəw. Monkullo: Swedish Mission 1896/7 (=1889 according to the Ethiopian calendar).
Dillmann, August; Bezold, Carl, Ethiopic Grammar, 2nd edition translated from German by James Crichton, London 1907. ISBN 978-1-59244-145-7 (2003 reprint). (Published in German: ¹1857, ²1899).
Kidanä Wäld Kəfle, Maṣḥafa sawāsəw wagəss wamazgaba ḳālāt ḥaddis ("A new grammar and dictionary"), Dire Dawa: Artistik Matämiya Bet 1955/6 (=1948 according to the Ethiopian calendar).
Lambdin, Thomas O., Introduction to Classical Ethiopic, Harvard Semitic Studies 24, Missoula, Mont.: Scholars Press 1978. ISBN 978-0-89130-263-6.
Stefan Weninger, Ge'ez grammar, Munich, ISBN 978-3-929075-04-5 (1st edition), ISBN 978-3-89586-604-3 (2nd revised edition).
Gene Gragg Ge`ez Phonology, in: Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Vol 1), ed. A. S. Kaye & P. T. Daniels, Eisenbrauns, Winona Lake, Indiana (1997).

Taddesse Adera, Ali Jimale Ahmed (eds.), Silence Is Not Golden: A Critical Anthology of Ethiopian Literature, Red Sea Press (1995), ISBN 978-0-932415-47-9.
Jon Bonk, Annotated and Classified Bibliography of English Literature Pertaining to the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, Atla Bibliography Series, Scarecrow Pr (1984), ISBN 978-0-8108-1710-4.

Dillmann, August, Lexicon linguæ Æthiopicæ cum indice Latino, Lipsiae 1865.
Leslau, Wolf, Comparative Dictionary of Geez (Classical Ethiopic): Geez-English, English-Geez, with an Index of the Semitic Roots, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 1987. ISBN 978-3-447-02592-8.
idem, Concise Dictionary of Ge`ez (Classical Ethiopic), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 1989. ISBN 978-3-447-02873-8.
Ludolf, Hiob, Lexicon Aethiopico-Latinum, Ed. by J. M. Wansleben, London 1661.
Wemmers, J., Lexicon Aethiopicum, Rome 1638.