隨着歐洲人的到來,丘馬什人和他們的傳統生活方式受到了前所未有的衝擊[6]。聖路易斯奧比斯波傳教士所(Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa)成立於1772年,是在丘馬什地區的第一個傳教所,也是其五個傳教所中最北的。下一個成立的是1782年的、位於聖克拉拉河河口附近太平洋海岸的聖布埃納文圖拉傳教所(Mission San Buenaventura)。同樣位於太平洋海岸的還有1786年成立的聖巴巴拉傳教所(Mission Santa Barbara)。 布里斯瑪·康塞普西翁傳教所(Mission La Purisima Concepción)於1789年在聖巴巴拉北部到聖路易斯奧比斯波沿線建立。最後一個聖伊內斯傳教所(Mission Santa Ynez)於1804年在聖伊內斯河沿岸建立。大多數丘馬什人都在1772年至1806年間加入了一個或多個傳教所,但海峽群島的大部分土著居民直到1816年才加入[14]。
殖民者抵達前丘馬什人口數量有許多說法。人類學家阿爾弗雷德·路易斯·克魯伯認為1770年的人口可能約為10,000[17],艾倫·布朗(Alan K. Brown)認為約為15,000[18]。舍伯恩·庫克(Sherburne F. Cook)曾給出多個預測值,為8,000、13,650、20,400或18,500。[19]
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