塞拉比斯(拉丁語:Serapis、古希臘語:Σάραπις)或譯塞拉皮斯是希臘化時代的埃及神祇,是一個希臘-埃及複合神。公元前3世紀,托勒密王朝的法老托勒密一世將對塞拉皮斯的祭祀作為統治希臘人和埃及人的一種手段。[1]祭祀塞拉皮斯的神廟或宗教區域被稱作塞拉潘(英語:Serapeum)。托勒密王朝君主非常重視塞拉皮斯的祭祀,亞歷山大港的塞拉潘(英語:Serapeum of Alexandria)是最有名的塞拉皮斯神殿。391年,神殿被亞歷山卓主教提阿非羅(Theophilus)拆毀。塞拉皮斯在羅馬帝國期間繼續流行,在埃及以外的神廟內經常取代奧西里斯作為伊西斯的配偶。
Consulting the unabridged Lewis and Short Latin lexicon shows that "Serapis" was the most common Latin version of the name in antiquity: Serapis (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館). Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. A Latin Dictionary on Perseus Project. Lewis, Charlton; Short, Charles. A Latin Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1879: 1630. A Latin Dictionary. : 1678. On the Internet Archive.(英文)
"Of the Egyptian sanctuaries of Serapis the most famous is at Alexandria", Pausanias noted (Description of Greece, 1.18.4, 2nd century AD), in describing the Serapeion at Athens erected by Ptolemy on the steep slope of the Acropolis: "As you descend from here to the lower part of the city, is a sanctuary of Serapis, whose worship the Athenians introduced from Ptolemy."
According to James George Frazer's note to the Biblioteca of Pseudo-Apollodorus, 2.1.1: "Apollodorus identifies the Argive Apis with the Egyptian bull Apis, who was in turn identified with Serapis (Sarapis)"; Pausanias also conflates Serapis and Egyptian Apis: "Of the Egyptian sanctuaries of Serapis the most famous is at Alexandria, the oldest at Memphis. Into this neither stranger nor priest may enter, until they bury Apis" (Pausanias,Description of Greece, 1.18.4).