基礎代謝率（英語：basal metabolic rate，首字母縮寫BMR）是指在自然溫度環境中，恆溫動物（比如人）的身體在非劇烈活動的狀態下，處於非消化狀態，維持生命所需消耗的最低能量。這些能量主要用於保持各器官的機能，如呼吸（肺）、心跳（心臟）、腺體分泌（腦及其他神經系統）、過濾排泄（腎臟）、解毒（肝臟）、肌肉活動等等。基礎代謝率會隨着年齡增加或體重減輕而降低，而隨着肌肉增加而增加。疾病、進食、環境溫度變化、承受壓力水平變化都會改變人體的能量消耗，從而影響基礎代謝率。基礎代謝率的測量需要在嚴格的條件下進行，受測者必須處於清醒且完全靜止狀態，同時其交感神經系統需要保持非激活狀態。另一種相關的條件但較寬鬆的測量是「靜止代謝率」（單純維持生理消耗，此數據用在描述變溫動物居多）的測量[1]
基礎代謝率和靜止代謝率的測量可以採用量熱法來進行氣體分析而直接獲得結果，或通過一個包含有年齡、性別、身高、體重的公式來進行間接估算。基礎代謝率的單位為「千焦/平方米/小時」，表徵每小時每平方米體表所散發的熱量。
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