1700年西班牙的哈布斯堡王朝的最後一位國王卡洛斯二世去世，沒有子女後代，群臣脅迫卡洛斯二世在遺囑裏傳位於其姐和法國國王路易十四 的次孫菲利普 （Felipe de Anjou），引來奧地利的哈布斯堡王朝不滿，認為應由奧地利哈布斯堡王朝的查理大公爵（即後來的皇帝查理六世）繼承西班牙王位，因此，和當時反對法國王室入主西班牙王位的英國、荷蘭、葡萄牙、神聖羅馬帝國等結盟，與支持法國王室的西班牙、巴伐利亞等宣戰，西班牙王位繼承戰爭因此而起。
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