19-去甲睾酮(英語:19-nortestosterone)也被稱為諾龍(Nandrolone)是一種雄激素和同化類固醇(AAS)。其酯類衍生物(如其苯丙酸酯、癸酸酯等[2][10][6][11])常作為貧血、惡病體質、骨質疏鬆症、乳癌的治療藥物[6],不能通過口服給藥,只能進行肌肉注射給藥[6][11]。
Quick Facts 臨床資料, 讀音 ...
19-去甲睾酮 |
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讀音 | [1] |
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商品名 | • Deca-Durabolin (as ND) • Durabolin (as NPP) • Many others (see here) |
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其他名稱 | • 19-Nortestosterone • 10-Nortestosterone • Estr-4-en-17β-ol-3-one • Estrenolone / Oestrenolone • 19-Norandrost-4-en-17β-ol-3-one • Norandrostenolone • Nortestrionate / Nortestonate • SG-4341[2] |
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懷孕分級 | |
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給藥途徑 | • Intramuscular injection (esters) • Eye drops (as NS) |
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藥物類別 | Androgen; Anabolic steroid; Progestogen |
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ATC碼 | |
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法律規範 |
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生物利用度 | • Oral: <3% (pigs)[3] • Intramuscular: high[4] |
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藥物代謝 | Liver (reduction)[5][7] |
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代謝產物 | • 5α-Dihydronandrolone[5][6] • 19-Norandrosterone[5] • 19-Noretiocholanolone[5] • Conjugates[7] |
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生物半衰期 | • Nandrolone: <4.3 hours[5] • ND (IM): 6–12 days[5][6][8] • NPP: 2.7 days[8] |
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作用時間 | • ND (IM): 2–3 weeks[6][9] • NPP (IM): 5–7 days[6][8] |
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排泄途徑 | Urine[5] |
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(8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-17-hydroxy-13-methyl-2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
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CAS號 | 434-22-0 Y |
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PubChem CID | |
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IUPHAR/BPS | |
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ChemSpider | |
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UNII | |
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ChEBI | |
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ChEMBL | |
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.006.457 |
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化學式 | C18H26O2 |
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摩爾質量 | 274.404 g/mol |
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3D模型(JSmol) | |
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O=C4\C=C2/[C@@H]([C@H]1CC[C@@]3([C@@H](O)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC2)C)CC4
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InChI=1S/C18H26O2/c1-18-9-8-14-13-5-3-12(19)10-11(13)2-4-15(14)16(18)6-7-17(18)20/h10,13-17,20H,2-9H2,1H3/t13-,14+,15+,16-,17-,18-/m0/s1 YKey:NPAGDVCDWIYMMC-IZPLOLCNSA-N Y
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由於19-去甲睾酮是雄激素睾酮的去甲基化類似物,因此它能作為睾酮和雙氫睾酮(DHT)的生物學靶點——雄激素受體(AR)的激動劑[6][12],在人體內引起一些雄性化症狀,如痤瘡、毛髮增長、聲音嘶啞、性慾增強等副作用[6]。相比較而言,19-去甲睾酮的一些酯化產物蛋白同化活性較強,而雄激素活性較弱,可以作為適用於婦女兒童的較溫和藥物[6][12][13],以及具有緩釋作用的前體藥物[6]。
存档副本 (PDF). [2019-02-15]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2020-11-11).
Minto CF, Howe C, Wishart S, Conway AJ, Handelsman DJ. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nandrolone esters in oil vehicle: effects of ester, injection site and injection volume. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1997, 281 (1): 93–102. PMID 9103484.
存档副本 (PDF). [2019-02-15]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2019-03-09).
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- Pan MM, Kovac JR. Beyond testosterone cypionate: evidence behind the use of nandrolone in male health and wellness. Transl Androl Urol. 2016, 5 (2): 213–9. PMC 4837307 . PMID 27141449. doi:10.21037/tau.2016.03.03.