1B型活化素受體(Activin receptor type-1B),縮寫為ACVR1B或ALK-4,在人體中是一種由ACVR1B基因編碼的蛋白質[5][6]。
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ALK-4能夠對活化素或活化素樣配體(即抑制素)的信號進行轉導。活化素首先與ACVR2A或ACVR2B結合,之後再與ALK-4形成複合物。上述過程能夠招募R-SMAD、SMAD2或者SMAD3分子[7]。ALK-4也可以轉導NODAL、GDF-1、Vg1的信號。但是,和活化素不同,這些分子(與ALK-4的結合)需要Cripto蛋白等共受體[8]。
活化素是一類二聚體生長分化因子,屬於TGF-β蛋白質超家族,一類結構上相關的信號蛋白。活化素信號能夠通過一個包含至少兩分子1型以及兩分子2型受體的受體絲氨酸激酶異聚複合體進行轉導。這些受體都屬於跨膜蛋白,包含一個含有豐富半胱氨酸區域的細胞外配體結合結構域,一個跨膜結構域,以及一個推測具有絲氨酸或蘇氨酸專一性的細胞內(即細胞質中的)(激酶)結構域。1型受體對信號轉導來說是必要的,2型受體則對1型受體的表達以及配體的結合來說不可或缺。在配體結合後,1型受體以及2型受體能夠形成一個穩定的複合物,並使1型受體被2型受體磷酸化[6]。
編碼ALK-4基因含有11個外含子。可變剪接以及Poly(A)(多聚腺嘌呤)尾巴的變化使該基因擁有多個轉錄本,目前已有3個轉錄本得到闡明,另外,此基因可能存在第四個包含8號外顯子,且8號外顯子與11號外顯子缺乏9號外顯子的轉錄本,但是這種轉錄本對應的mRNA還沒有得到確認[6]。
ALK能與ACVR2A、ACVR2B發生相互作用[9][10][11]。
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