閉後圓唇元音是元音的一種。用於部份口說語言當中。國際音標用以表示此音的符號為⟨u⟩;而X-SAMPA則以 u
代表此音。
Quick Facts 閉後圓唇元音, u ...
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More information 國際音標:元音, 閉 ...
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普通話的韻母u就是此音。
在多數有此音的語言中,此音以唇內(endolabial)的方式發音;然而在少部份的狀況下,此音以唇外(exolabial)的方式發音。
閉後突出元音是閉後圓唇元音最常見的變體。它通常在IPA中被轉錄為⟨u⟩,本文中亦依照此慣例。由於沒有專門用於表示「突出」(英語:protruded)的IPA變音符號,因此可以使用表示唇化作用的舊式符號⟨ ̫⟩,即⟨u̫⟩。另一種可能的寫法是⟨uʷ⟩ 或 ⟨ɯʷ⟩(被唇內化的閉後元音),但這種寫法可能會被理解為雙元音。
- 其元音高度為閉,這意指舌頭的位置會盡量接近齒齦,但不會阻礙氣流而被歸類為子音。
- 其元音舌位是後,表示舌頭的位置會盡可能地朝向口腔後部,但不至於阻礙氣流而被歸類為子音。
- 其圓唇度為圓唇元音,這表示嘴唇向前突起並圓形的開口,且唇內側並不露出。
- 其元音圓唇度為突出,即將嘴角聚攏,且嘴唇內側向外露出。
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Quick Facts 閉後不突出元音, u͍ ...
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在瑞典語、日語等語言中,其閉後元音使用了一種特別的圓唇方式,這樣的情況被稱作「不突出」(compressed)或唇外音(exolabial)。已知的語言中僅有上海話擁有與突出元音互相對比的閉後元音。但事實上,兩個元音的高度都可以從可以在閉到半閉之間自由變化。
沒有確定的變音符號來描述是否突出。但唇的不突出度可被⟨β̞⟩描寫為⟨ɯ͡β̞⟩或⟨ɯᵝ⟩。展唇化變音符號⟨ ͍ ⟩作為ad hoc標用在圓唇元音⟨u͍⟩也可以,但'展'實際上意味着不圓唇。
- 其元音高度為閉,這意指舌頭的位置會盡量接近齒齦,但不會阻礙氣流而被歸類為子音。
- 其元音舌位是後,表示舌頭的位置會盡可能地朝向口腔後部,但不至於阻礙氣流而被歸類為子音。
- 其元音圓唇度為不突出,即嘴唇的邊緣緊繃而聚在一起,且嘴唇內側不向外露出。
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Fattah描述此音是長央元音 (p. 116)。
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