查理一世的處決是指在1649年1月30日，英格蘭、蘇格蘭和愛爾蘭國王查理一世在倫敦白廳國宴廳外公開處決。這次處決源於英格蘭內戰爆發，英國騎士黨和圓顱黨之間發生激烈的政治和軍事衝突。最終導致查理一世在英格蘭內戰中戰敗，被指控是「暴君、叛徒和國家的敵人」，並遭到逮捕並接受審判。1649年1月27日，議會高等司法院宣布查理一世的罪名成立，將其罪名定為企圖「維護自己身上的無限暴虐權力，按照自己的意願進行統治，並推翻人民的權利和自由」，並判處斬首處決[1]。其後查理一世在聖詹姆士宮度過最後幾天，由他最忠誠的臣民陪同，並接受家屬的探望。
1月30日，查理一世被帶到國宴廳前搭建的黑色鷹架上，並有一大群人聚集。查理一世在斷頭臺發表最後一次演講，宣稱自己無罪，繼續為絕對君主制辯護，並自稱是「人民的烈士」。由於許多議員、衛兵擋住斷頭臺，人群聽不到演講，但查理一世的支持者威廉·賈克森主教將其速記下來。查爾斯向賈克森說了最後幾句話，便接受匿名劊子手將其斬首，劊子手將查理一世的頭顱舉向人群，不久後將其扔進士兵群中。在這次處決11年過後，英國隨著斯圖亞特王朝復辟而恢復君主制，原先判處查理一世死刑的法官被以弒君罪處死。
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