馬鮫屬(學名:Scomberomorus),又稱馬加鰆屬,通稱馬加鰆、馬鮫魚、馬交魚、馬加魚、鰆魚、鮁魚、竹鮫、梭齒魚;屬鯖形目(或傳統鱸形目)鯖科海魚。
特徵
馬鮫魚身體延長,一般長為25至50厘米,體重300至1000克,最大可達一米左右,體重達到4.5千克以上。身體銀灰色,具有暗色橫紋,肋下有7-8個灰色斑點;吻尖突,口大斜裂,牙齒偏側,似刀刃般鋒利,上下頜各一行;魚鱗細小或退化;背鰭2個,第2背鰭及臀鰭後部各具有7-9個小鰭。
習性
分布
分布於北太平洋西部、產於東海、黃海、渤海和南海。在產區,以大洲島海域出產的馬鮫魚為佳。
食用
- 烤馬鮫魚:為中國古時宮廷料理,被美食家譽為「仙界美食」,自古以來就備受寵愛。
- 鮁魚肉餡餃子:中國渤海灣沿岸地區常見的食品。
臺灣人重視此魚類,列為十大美味魚類之一,稱一鯃、二紅魦、三鯧、四馬鮫、五鮸、六嘉鱲、七赤鯮、八馬頭、九烏喉、十寸子[2]。
下屬物種
本屬包括以下物種:
- Scomberomorus avirostrus Abdussamad, Toji, Margaret, Mini, Rajesh, Azeez, Vinothkumar, Retheesh, Abbas, Shihab, Sneha, Prathibha & Gopalakrishnan, 2023[4]
- Scomberomorus avitus Bannikov, 1985
- Scomberomorus bleekeri (Storms, 1892)
- 巴西馬鮫 Scomberomorus brasilensis Collette et al., 1978
- Scomberomorus brasiliensis Collette, Russo & Zavala-Camin, 1978
- 大耳馬鮫 Scomberomorus cavalla (Cuvier, 1829)
- 康氏馬鮫 Scomberomorus commerson (Lacepède, 1800),康氏馬加鰆
- 美洲馬鮫 Scomberomorus concolor (Lockington, 1879)
- 斑點馬鮫 Scomberomorus guttatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801),台灣馬加鰆
- 朝鮮馬鮫 Scomberomorus koreanus (Kishinouye, 1915),高麗馬加鰆
- 線紋馬鮫 Scomberomorus lineolatus (Cuvier, 1829)
- 橢斑馬鮫 Scomberomorus maculatus (Mitchill, 1815)
- 巴布亞馬鮫 Scomberomorus multiradiatus Munro, 1964
- Scomberomorus munroi Collette & Russo, 1980
- 澳洲馬鮫 Scomberomorus munroi Spotty
- Scomberomorus munroi x Scomberomorus semifasciatus
- Scomberomorus munroi x semifasciatus
- 藍點馬鮫 Scomberomorus niphonius (Cuvier, 1832),日本馬加鰆
- Scomberomorus orientalis Lacepede
- 南非馬鮫 Scomberomorus plurilineatus Fourmanoir, 1966
- Scomberomorus priscus Casier, 1966
- 昆士蘭馬鮫 Scomberomorus queenslandicus Munro, 1943
- 條斑馬鮫 Scomberomorus regalis (Bloch, 1793)
- Scomberomorus saevus Bannikov, 1982
- 半線馬鮫 Scomberomorus semifasciatus (Macleay, 1883)
- 東太平洋馬鮫 Scomberomorus sierra Jordan & Starks, 1895
- 中華馬鮫 Scomberomorus sinensis (Lacepède, 1800),中華馬加鰆
- 西非馬鮫 Scomberomorus tritor (Cuvier, 1832)
- 歸入本屬的物種:
- Cybium bartonense Woodward, 1901
- Cybium excelsum Woodward, 1901
- Cybium loczyi Weiler, 1938
- Cybium macropomum (Agassiz, 1839)
- Cybium mertensii Cuvier, 1832
- Cybium stormsi (Leriche, 1905)
註釋
延伸閱讀
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