對於超過60歲和以上的人群,治療中等和嚴重高血壓會降低死亡率和心血管病副作用。[101]對80歲以上的人群,之前的治療方法雖不能大幅將低死亡率但會減低心臟病危險。[101]噻嗪類利尿劑是美國的首選藥物,建議的血壓目標為低於140/90 mm Hg。[102]在修訂的英國指南中,鈣通道阻滯劑被視為首選治療方法,目標門診血壓讀數低於150/90 mmHg,或動態血壓檢測或家庭血壓檢測低於145/85 mmHg。[98]
世界衛生組織已經確認高血壓為導致心血管病死亡率的主要原因。世界高血壓聯盟(英語:The World Hypertension League)是85個國家高血壓社團和聯盟的聯盟組織,該組織認為,世界範圍內50%以上的高血壓患者不了解自身的情況。[120]為強調這一問題,WHL在2005年發起了一場全球性高血壓認知運動,並把每年的5月17日定為世界高血壓日。過去三年以來,更多的國家社團參與了世界高血壓日,並且通過其創新活動向公眾傳遞有關高血壓的信息。2007年,47個WHL成員國家參與了這一活動。在WHD所在的那個星期,所有這些國家與地方政府、學術團體、非政府組織、以及私人企業合作,促進高血壓認知,通過幾個媒體和公眾集會進行宣傳。他們採用的大眾傳播媒體包括互聯網和電視,信息受眾超過2.5億人。隨着發展勢頭的逐年壯大,WHL有信心把信息基本上傳遞到所預測的15億血壓升高人群。[121]
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