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蟬科（學名：Cicadidae）是蟬總科下的一科，其下物種通稱為蟬，其特色為雄蟲腹胸交界處有發聲器，收縮振動而產生很大的鳴叫聲，雌蟲則無此器官；成蟲與若蟲均頭寬大於胸寬，且具兩突出的複眼，均吸食植物汁液為生，惟若蟲於地下挖洞穴居，成熟後爬上樹幹羽化，成蟲四翅薄而多為透明。因其鳴叫聲音，又俗稱「知了」，或作：蛭
蟬科 化石時期：古新世晚期至今,
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| 日本暮蟬（Tanna japonensis） | |
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| 卡氏十七年蟬（Magicicada cassini） | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 節肢動物門 Arthropoda |
| 綱： | 昆蟲綱 Insecta |
| 目： | 半翅目 Hemiptera |
| 亞目： | 頸喙亞目 Auchenorrhyncha |
| 下目： | 蟬下目 Cicadomorpha |
| 總科： | 蟬總科 Cicadoidea |
| 科： | 蟬科 Cicadidae Westwood, 1840 |
| 亞科[註 1] | |
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「蟬」重新導向至此。關於北韓提供的一個熱帶風暴的命名，請見「颱風梅米」。蟬科廣泛分布於全球溫帶至熱帶地區（已知紀錄約2500種蟬）。一些分布於沙漠地區的種類，當體溫過熱時，會從背板（tergum）排出多餘的水分，進而達到冷卻及散熱的效果（原理與人類流汗類似）。[2][3]
漢字中「蟬」最早出現於商代至西周間，構造上屬於形聲字。形符「虫」為「蟲」的古字，在當時是對動物的泛稱（五蟲）；而聲符「單」亦兼表字義，帶有「發出聲響」的意涵。
古人對蟬的稱呼有：蜩[註 2][註 3]、螗[註 4]（較小的蟬）[4][5]、蜺[註 5]（寒蟬）、𧔢[6][註 6]、䗃[註 7]、䗁[註 8]、蝒[註 9]（聲響的大黑蟬）、螓[註 10]（方頭廣額的小蟬）、蠽[註 11]、五色、日暮、丕蜩、茅蜩、秋蜩、蚱蟬（同蝒）[7]、寒蜩[註 12]、寒螿[註 13]、蜋蜩[註 14]、蜻蜻、蜓蛛、蜩螗[8]、螗蜩（不同於蜩螗，為一種小蟬）[9][10]、蟪蛄、螗蛦[註 15]、馬蜩、蛁蟟[註 16][11]、螇螰[註 17][11]、蝭蟧[註 18][12][13]。
蟬的英語 cicada 源自拉丁語，意指「棲息於樹上，像蟋蟀一樣會鳴叫的」；但英語有時稱蟬為 locust[14]，儘管與蝗蟲沒有確切關係。希臘語為 τέττῑξ / téttīx （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） 或 τζίτζικας / tzítzikas （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館），兩者皆為擬聲詞，即模仿蟬的鳴聲。
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大多數蟬的體型通常不大，成蟲體長多在2至5公分（0.79至1.97英寸）之間，少數種類，例如世界最大的帝王蟬（Megapomponia imperatoria）翼展就達20公分（7.9英寸），體長約7公分（2.8英寸）[15][16]；同樣棲息於南亞地區的一種大型蟬（Tacua speciosa，有「青襟油蟬」或「婆羅洲巨蟬」等名稱）翼展也有18公分（7.1英寸），其體長則約4至5公分（1.6至2.0英寸）[17]。蟬的外骨骼很堅硬，雙翅相當發達，多為透明或半透明（雙翅完全不透明的種類通常翅面顏色較為鮮明，且多分布於靠近熱帶的地區），上面有明顯的翅脈。
一般來說，蟬的頭部寬而短，具有明顯突出的額唇基（clypeus）。觸角短，呈鬚狀。口器細長，口器內有食管與唾液管，屬於刺吸式。胸部則包括前胸、中胸及後胸，其中前胸和中胸較長。3個胸部都具有一對足，腿節粗壯發達（若蟲前腳用來挖掘，腿節膨大，帶刺）。
蟬的腹部呈長錐形，總共有10個腹節，第9腹節成為尾節。雄蟬第1、第2腹節具發音器，第10腹節形成肛門；雌蟬第10腹節形成產卵管，且較為膨大。
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Trommelorgan - 鼓室
Schallplatten - 鼓膜
Schallplattenmuskel - 發音肌
Trommelfell - 鏡膜
Stigma - 氣門
雄性蟬身體兩側有能夠發出很大聲響的發聲構造（也稱為「鼓室」），主要包括背瓣、腹瓣、鼓膜、發音肌（鼓膜肌）、腱盤、腱突起、腹面調節肌、鏡膜、褶膜（摺膜）、第三氣門、共鳴室（氣室）等。為了發音，牠們常趴在樹幹上，向前或左右扭動腹部來調節發出的聲響；而發出來的響聲常被稱為蟬的「歌聲」，與一般以摩擦方式發聲的昆蟲（如蟋蟀）不同。雌蟬沒有發聲器。
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比較著名的蟬是「十七年蟬」或周期蟬（Magicicada）。原產於美國東部地區，這些蟬的若蟲在地下蟄伏十三或十七年，然後破土而出。
根據牠們出現的年份，周期蟬被分為30個「群」。群1號到17號是十七年蟬，群18號到30號是十三年蟬。一些群並不存在，但為了方便起見而保留。群4號已於西元2003年出現。而下一次的十三年蟬為將於西元2011年出現的群19號。群10號，一種十七年蟬，已經出現於西元2004年5月的紐澤西州和北卡羅萊納州。
狹義的蟬僅侷限於蟬科的昆蟲[18][19]，廣義的蟬則指蟬總科的所有昆蟲（蟬總科有兩個科：蟬科與螽蟬科 Tettigarctidae）；此外，不只蟬總科的昆蟲，整個蟬下目的昆蟲都被冠上蟬的名字，分類如下（參見蟬下目）[20]：
- 蟬下目 Cicadomorpha（Clypeorrhyncha, Clypeata）
- 蟬總科 Cicadoidea
- 沫蟬總科 Cercopoidea
- 角蟬總科 Membracoidea：舊作葉蟬總科 Cicadelloidea
- † 古蟬總科 Palaeontinoidea
而蟬科的組成如下：
- 蟬科
- 草蟬族（Moganniini）[1]
- 草蟬屬（Mogannia）
- 扶桑蟬屬（Nipponosemia）
- 草蟬族（Moganniini）[1]
- 蟬族 Cicadini
- Abagazara Distant, 1905
- Abricta Stål, 1866
- Abroma Stål, 1866
- Acanthoventris Ruschel, 2023
- Aceropyga Duffels, 1977
- Acuticephala Torres, 1958
- Acyroneura Torres, 1958
- Adelia Moulds, 2012
- Adeniana Distant, 1906
- Adusella Haupt, 1918
- Aedeastria Boer, 1990
- Aestuansella Boulard, 1981
- Aetanna Lee, 2014
- Afromelampsalta Sanborn & Villet, 2020
- Afzeliada Boulard, 1972
- Ahomana Distant, 1905
- Akamba Distant, 1905
- Alarcta Torres, 1958
- Albanycada Villet, 1989
- Aleeta Moulds, 2003
- Allobroma Duffels, 2011
- Ambragaeana Chou & Yao, 1985
- Amphipsalta Flemming, 1969
- Anapsaltoda Ashton, 1921
- Angamiana Distant, 1890
- Anopercalna Boulard, 2008
- Anopercalnina Boulard, 2008
- Antankaria Distant, 1904
- Aragualna Champanhet, Boulard & Gaiani, 2000
- Arcystasia Distant, 1882
- Arenopsaltria Ashton, 1921
- Arfaka Distant, 1905
- Ariasa Distant, 1905
- Arunta Distant, 1904
- Atrapsalta Owen & Moulds, 2016
- Attenuella Boulard, 1973
- Auritibicen Lee, 2015
- Auscala Moulds, 2012
- Auta Distant, 1897
- Ayesha Distant, 1905
- Ayuthia Distant, 1919
- Babras Jacobi, 1907
- Baeturia Stål, 1866
- Bafutalna Boulard, 1993
- Balinta Distant, 1905
- Basa Distant, 1905
- Bavea Distant, 1905
- Beameria Davis, 1934
- Becquartina Kato, 1940
- Becquartinaria Boulard, 2005
- Berberigetta Costa, Nunes, Marabuto, Mendes & Simões, 2017
- Bergalna Boulard & Martinelli, 1996
- Bijaurana Distant, 1912
- Birrima Distant, 1906
- Bispinalta Delorme, 2017
- Biura Lee & Sanborn, 2015
- Borencona Davis, 1928
- Brachylobopyga Duffels, 1982
- Brevialavenosa Sanborn, 2021
- Brevisiana Boulard, 1972
- Brevitanna Lee, 2022
- Burbunga Distant, 1905
- Burbungoides Moulds, Frese & McCurry, 2022
- Burmacicada Poinar Jr. & Kritsky, 2012
- Burmacicada protera Poinar Jr. & Kritsky, 2012[21]
- Buyisa Distant, 1907
- Cabecita Lee, 2014
- Cacama Distant, 1904
- Cacamam
- Calcagninus Distant, 1892
- Caledopsalta Delorme, 2018
- Caliginopsalta Ewart, 2005
- Calipsalta Moulds & Marshall, 2022
- Calliopsida Torres, 1958
- Callogaeana Chou & Yao, 1985
- Calopsaltria Stål, 1861
- Calyria Stål, 1862
- Camuracicada Moulds, 2018
- Cantata Lee & Pham, 2021
- Canualna Boulard, 1985
- Capcicada Villet, 1989
- Carineta Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
- Cephalalna Boulard, 2006
- Chalumalna Boulard, 2001
- Champaka Distant, 1905
- Chelapsalta Moulds, 2012
- Chilecicada Sanborn, 2014
- Chinaria Davis, 1934
- Chlorocysta Westwood, 1851
- Chloropsalta Haupt, 1920
- Chonosia Distant, 1905
- Chremistica Stål, 1870
- Chrysocicada Boulard, 1989
- Chrysolasia Moulds, 2003
- Cicada Linnaeus, 1758
- Cicadatra Kolenati, 1857
- Cicadatrini Distant, 1905
- Cicadetta Kolenati, 1857
- Cicadettana Marshall & Hil, 2017
- Cicadmalleus Boulard & Puissant, 2013
- Citroriginis Sanborn, 2021
- Clidophleps Van Duzee, 1915
- Clinata Moulds, 2012
- Clinopsalta Moulds, 2012
- Coata Distant, 1906
- Cochleopsaltria Pham & Constant, 2017
- Conibosa Distant, 1905
- Cornuplura Davis, 1944
- Cosmopsaltria Stål, 1866
- Cracenpsaltria Sanborn, 2016
- Crassisternalna Boulard, 1980
- Crassopsaltria Boulard, 2008
- Crotopsalta Ewart, 2005
- 熊蟬屬 Cryptotympana Stål, 1861
- Curvicicada Chou & Lu, 1997
- Cyclochila Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
- Cylochila
- Cystopsaltria Goding & Froggatt, 1904
- Cystosoma Westwood, 1842
- Davispia Cooper, 1941
- Daza Distant, 1905
- Dazollina Sanborn, 2018
- Decebalus Distant, 1920
- Deremeces Sanborn, 2021
- Derotettix Berg, 1882
- Diceroprocta Stål, 1870
- Diceropyga Stål, 1870
- Diemeniana Distant, 1906
- Dilobopyga Duffels, 1977
- Dimissalna Boulard, 2007
- Dinarobia Mamet, 1957
- Dipsopsalta Moulds, 2012
- Distantada Orian, 1963
- Distantalna Boulard, 2009
- Dominicicada Poinar Jr. & Kritsky, 2012
- Dominicicada youngi Poinar Jr. & Kritsky, 2012[21]
- Dorachosa Distant, 1892
- Dorisiana Metcalf, 1952
- Drymopsalta Ewart, 2005
- Duffelsa Wang, Jiang & Wei, 2023
- Dulderana Distant, 1905
- Dundubia Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
- Durangona Distant, 1911
- Dyticodopoea Sanborn, 2020
- Dyticopycna Sanborn, 2020
- Elachysoma Torres, 1964
- Elassoneura Torres, 1964
- Emathia Stål, 1866
- Eopycna Sanborn, 2020
- Epora Stål, 1866
- Erempsalta Moulds, 2012
- Esada Boulard, 1973
- Euboeana Gogala, Trilar & Drosopoulos, 2011
- Euryphara Horváth, 1912
- 姬春蟬屬 Euterpnosia Matsumura, 1917
- Euthemopsaltria Moulds, 2014
- Ewartia Moulds, 2012
- Falcatpsalta Owen & Moulds, 2016
- Feoichnus Krause, Bown, Bellosi & Genise, 2008
- Fidicina Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
- Fidicinoides Boulard & Martinelli, 1996
- Fijipsalta Duffels, 1988
- Fonsecacicada Martins-Neto & Mendes, 2002
- 虎翅蟬屬 Formocicada Lee & Hayashi, 2004
- Formosemia Matsumura, 1917
- Formotosena Kato, 1925
- Fractuosella Boulard, 1979
- Froggattoides Distant, 1910
- Gaeana Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
- Gagatopsalta Ewart, 2005
- Galanga Moulds, 2012
- Galgoria Lee, 2016
- Gazuma Distant, 1905
- Gelidea Moulds, 2012
- Germalna Delorme, 2018
- Ggomapsalta Lee, 2009
- Gibbocicada Ruschel, 2018
- Glaucopsaltria Goding & Froggatt, 1904
- Graminitigrina Ewart & Marques, 2008
- Graminitigrina aurora Ewart, Popple & Hill, 2017
- Graminitigrina bolloni Ewart & Marques, 2008
- Graminitigrina bowensis Ewart & Marques, 2008
- Graminitigrina carnarvonensis Ewart & Marques, 2008
- Graminitigrina einasleighi Ewart, Popple & Hill, 2017
- Graminitigrina flindensis Ewart, Popple & Hill, 2017
- Graminitigrina karumbae Ewart & Marques, 2008
- Graminitigrina selwynensis Ewart, Popple & Hill, 2017
- Graminitigrina triodiae Ewart & Marques, 2008
- Graminitigrina uluruensis Ewart, Popple & Hill, 2017[22]
- Graptopsaltria Motschulsky, 1866
- Graptopsaltria Stål, 1866
- Graptotettix Stål, 1866
- Guaranisaria Distant, 1905
- Gudanga Distant, 1905
- Guineapsaltria Boer, 1993
- Guyalna Boulard & Martinelli, 1996
- Gymnotympana Stål, 1861
- Hadoa Moulds, 2015
- Haemopsalta Owen & Moulds, 2016
- Hainanosemia Kato, 1927
- Hamza Distant, 1904
- Haphsa Distant, 1905
- 碧蟬屬 Hea Distant, 1906
- Heliopsalta Moulds, 2012
- Hemidictya Burmeister, 1835
- Hemisciera Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
- Henicopsaltria Stål, 1866
- Henicotettix Stål, 1858
- Heremusina Ewart, 2018
- Herrera Distant, 1905
- Heteropsaltria Jacobi, 1902
- Hilaphura Webb, 1979
- Hovana Distant, 1905
- Huechys Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
- Hyalessa China, 1925
- Hyantia Stål, 1866
- Hylora Boulard, 1971
- Illyria Moulds, 1985
- Imbabura Distant, 1911
- Inflatopyga Duffels, 1997
- Ingcainyenzane Sanborn & Villet, 2020
- Inthaxara Distant, 1913
- Ioba Distant, 1904
- Iruana Distant, 1905
- Jacatra Distant, 1905
- Jafuna Distant, 1912
- Jassopsaltria Ashton, 1914
- Juanaria Distant, 1920
- Kageralna Boulard, 2012
- Kalabita Moulton, 1923
- Kalarko Moulds & Marshall, 2022
- Kamalata Distant, 1889
- Kanakia Distant, 1892
- Kaphsa Lee, 2012
- Karenia Distant, 1888
- Karscheliana Boulard, 1990
- Katoa Ôuchi, 1938
- Khimbya Distant, 1905
- Kikihia Dugdale, 1972
- Kimberpsaltria Moulds, Marshall & Popple, 2021
- Kintusamo Szwedo, 2019
- Klapperichicen Dlabola, 1957
- Kobonga Distant, 1906
- Koma Distant, 1904
- Kongota Distant, 1904
- Koranna Distant, 1905
- Kosemia Matsumura, 1927
- Kumanga Distant, 1905
- Lacetas Karsch, 1890
- Lahugada Distant, 1905
- Lamotialna Boulard, 1976
- Laopsaltria Moulds, Frese & McCurry, 2022
- Lembeja Distant, 1892
- Lemuriana Distant, 1905
- Leptopsaltria Stål, 1866
- Leptosemia Matsumura, 1917
- Lethama Distant, 1905
- Ligymolpa Karsch, 1890
- Limnopsalta Moulds, 2012
- Linguacicada Chou & Lu, 1997
- Lithocicada Cockerell, 1906
- Luangwana Distant, 1914
- Lycurgus China, 1925
- Lyristes Horváth, 1926
- 大蟬屬 Macrosemia Kato, 1925
- Macrotristria Stål, 1870
- 周期蟬 Magicicada Davis, 1925
- Majeorona Distant, 1905
- Malagasia Distant, 1882
- Malgachialna Boulard, 1980
- Malgotilia Boulard, 1980
- Malloryalna Sanborn, 2016
- Manna Lee & Emery, 2013
- Maoricicada Dugdale, 1972
- Mapondera Distant, 1905
- Mariekea Jong & Boer, 2004
- Maroboduus Distant, 1920
- Marteena Moulds, 1986
- Masamia Lee & Emery, 2013
- Masupha Distant, 1892
- Mata Distant, 1906
- Maua Distant, 1905
- Megapomponia Boulard, 2005
- Megatibicen Sanborn & Heath, 2016
- Meimuna Distant, 1905
- Melampsalta Amyot, 1847
- Melampsalta Kolenati, 1857
- Melanesiana Delorme, 2017
- Mendozana Distant, 1906
- Minilomia Lee, 2013
- Minipomponia Boulard, 2008
- Miniterpnosia Lee, 2013
- Minyscapheus Poinar Jr., Kritsky & Brown, 2012
- Minyscapheus dominicanus Poinar Jr., Kritsky & Brown, 2012[23]
- Miocenoprasia Boulard & Riou, 1999
- Mirabilopsaltria Boer, 1996
- Miranha Distant, 1905
- Moana Myers, 1928
- Mogannia Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
- Monomatapa Distant, 1897
- Mosaica Lee & Emery, 2013
- Mouia Distant, 1920
- Mouldspsaltria Sanborn, 2021
- Muansa Distant, 1904
- Muda Distant, 1897
- Mugadina Moulds, 2012
- Munza Distant, 1904
- Mura Distant, 1905
- Muraoides Sanborn, 2018
- Murmurillana Delorme, 2016
- Murphyalna Boulard, 2012
- Musimoia China, 1929
- Musoda Karsch, 1890
- Myersalna Boulard, 1988
- Myopsalta Moulds, 2012
- Nabalua Moulton, 1923
- Nablistes Karsch, 1891
- Nanopsalta Moulds, 2012
- Nelbroma Sanborn, 2021
- Nelcyndana Distant, 1906
- Neocicada Kato, 1932
- Neomuda Distant, 1920
- Neoncotympana Lee, 2011
- Neoplatypedia Davis, 1920
- Neopsaltoda Distant, 1910
- Neopunia Moulds, 2012
- Neopurana Lee & Marshall, 2023
- Neoterpnosia Lee & Emery, 2014
- Neotibicen Hill & Moulds, 2015
- Nggeliana Boulard, 1979
- Nigripsaltria Boer, 1999
- Noongara Moulds, 2012
- Nosoarna Ruschel & Sanborn, 2021
- Nosola Stål, 1866
- Notopsalta Dugdale, 1972
- Novemcella Goding, 1925
- Nyara Villet, 1999
- Odopoea Stål, 1861
- Okanagana Distant, 1905
- Okanagodes Davis, 1919
- Oligoglena Horváth, 1912
- Ollanta Distant, 1905
- 蛁蟟屬 Oncotympana Stål, 1870
- Onomacritus Distant, 1912
- Onoralna Boulard, 1996
- Orapa Distant, 1905
- Orellana Distant, 1905
- Orialella Metcalf, 1952
- Orientafroinsularis Sanborn, 2021
- Orientopsaltria Kato, 1944
- Oudeboschia Distant, 1920
- Oudeboshia Distant, 1920
- Owra Ashton, 1912
- Oxypleura Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
- Pacarina Distant, 1905
- Pachypsaltria Stål, 1861
- Paectira Karsch, 1890
- Pagiphora Horváth, 1912
- Paharia Distant, 1905
- Pakidetta Sanborn & Ahmed, 2017
- Palapsalta Moulds, 2012
- Paleopsalta Moulds, 2018
- Panialna Delorme, 2016
- Panka Distant, 1905
- Papuapsaltria Boer, 1995
- Paracicadetta Boulard & Nel, 1990
- Paradina Moulds, 2012
- Paranistria Metcalf, 1952
- Paranosia Lee, 2014
- Paratalainga He, 1984
- Paratanna Lee, 2012
- Parnisa Stål, 1862
- Parnkalla Distant, 1905
- Parnquila Moulds, 2012
- Parvittya Distant, 1905
- Parvopsalta Moulds & Marshall, 2022
- Paulaudalna Delorme, 2017
- Pauropsalta Goding & Froggatt, 1904
- Pedana Moulds & Marshall, 2022
- Pegapsaltria Moulds & Marshall, 2022
- Pericallea Moulds, Marshall & Hutchinson, 2022
- Philipsalta Lee, Marshall & Hill, 2016
- Physeema Moulds, 2012
- Pictila Moulds, 2012
- Pinheya Dlabola, 1965
- Pipilopsalta Ewart, 2005
- Platylomia Stål, 1870
- Platypedia Uhler, 1888
- 蟪蛄屬 Platypleura Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
- Platypsalta Moulds, 2012
- Plautilla Stål, 1865
- Plerapsalta Moulds, 2012
- Polyneura Westwood, 1840
- Pompanonia Boulard, 1982
- Pomponia Stål, 1866
- Popplepsalta Owen & Moulds, 2016
- Poviliana Boulard, 1997
- Prasia Stål, 1863
- Prasinosoma Torres, 1963
- Proarna Stål, 1864
- Procollina Metcalf, 1952
- Prosotettix Jacobi, 1907
- Prunasis Stål, 1862
- Psallodia Uhler, 1903
- Psalmocharias Kirkaldy, 1908
- Psaltoda Stål, 1861
- Psephenotettix Torres, 1958
- Pseudokanakia Delorme, 2016
- Pseudotettigetta Puissant, 2010
- Psilotympana Stål, 1861
- Psithyristria Stål, 1870
- Punia Moulds, 2012
- Purana Distant, 1905
- Puranoides Moulton, 1917
- Pycna Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
- Pygmaeodopoea Sanborn, 2020
- Pyropsalta Moulds, 2012
- Quesada Distant, 1905
- Quintilia Stål, 1866
- Qurana Lee, 2009
- Raiateana Boulard, 1979
- Relictapsalta Owen & Moulds, 2016
- Rhadinopyga Duffels, 1985
- Rhaeboepelis Ruschel & Sanborn, 2021
- Rhinopsalta Melichar, 1908
- Rhodopsalta Dugdale, 1972
- Rouxalna Boulard, 1999
- Rustia Stål, 1866
- Sadaka Distant, 1904
- Sahyaterpnosia Sadasivan & Sarkar, 2023
- Sahyaterpnosia laevospina Sadasivan & Sarkar, 2023[24]
- Salvazana Distant, 1913
- Samaecicada Popple & Emery, 2010
- Sapantanga Distant, 1905
- Sapantanga Ruschel & Campos, 2019
- Saticula Stål, 1866
- Scieroptera Stål, 1866
- Scolopita Chou & Lei, 1997
- Scottotympana Boer, 1991
- Sechellalna Boulard, 2010
- Selymbria Stål, 1861
- Semia Matsumura, 1917
- Severiana Boulard, 1972
- Shaoshia Wei, Ahmed & Rizvi, 2010
- Simona Moulds, 2012
- Sinapsaltria Kato, 1940
- Sinocicadoprosbole Mi, Zhang & Sun, 1993
- Songga Lee, 2016
- Soudaniella Boulard, 1972
- Spoerryana Boulard, 1974
- Stagea Villet, 1994
- Stagira Stål, 1861
- Stellenboschia Distant, 1920
- Strepuntalna Delorme, 2017
- Strumosella Boulard, 1973
- Strumoseura Villet, 1999
- Subpsaltria Chen, 1943
- Subtibicina Lee, 2012
- Suisha Kato, 1928
- Sulphogaeana Chou & Yao, 1985
- Sundabroma Duffels, 2011
- Sylphoides Moulds, 2012
- Tacua Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
- Taipinga Distant, 1905
- 暗蟬屬 Taiwanosemia Matsumura, 1917
- Takapsalta Matsumura, 1927
- 紅眼蟬屬 Talainga Distant, 1890
- Talcopsaltria Moulds, 2008
- Tamasa Distant, 1905
- Tanna Distant, 1905
- Tanyocicada Moulds, 2020
- Taona Distant, 1909
- Taphura Stål, 1862
- Taungia Ollenbach, 1928
- Taurella Moulds, 2012
- Telmapsalta Moulds, 2012
- Terepsalta Moulds, 2012
- Terpnosia Distant, 1892
- Tettigades Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
- Tettigetta Kolenati, 1857
- Tettigettacula Puissant, 2010
- Tettigettalna Puissant, 2010
- Tettigettula Puissant, 2010
- Tettigomyia Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
- Tettigotoma Torres, 1942
- Thaumastopsaltria Kirkaldy, 1900
- Thopha Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
- Tibeta Lei & Chou, 1997
- Tibicina Kolenati, 1857
- Tibicinoides Distant, 1914
- Timbaltransversa Sanborn, 2021
- Tithopsaltria Moulds, Frese & McCurry, 2022
- Torrescada Sanborn & Heath, 2017
- Tosena Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
- Toseria
- Toulgoetalna Boulard, 1982
- Toxala Moulds, 2012
- Toxopeusella Schmidt, 1926
- Trengganua Moulton, 1923
- Triglena Fieber, 1875
- Trismarcha Karsch, 1891
- Tryella Moulds, 2003
- Tymocicada Becker-Migdisova, 1954
- Tympanistalna Boulard, 1982
- Tympanoterpes Stål, 1861
- Ueana Distant, 1905
- Ugada Distant, 1904
- Uhleroides Distant, 1912
- Umjaba Distant, 1904
- Unduncus Duffels, 2011
- Unipomponia Lee, 2014
- Urabunana Distant, 1905
- Uradolichos Moulds, 2012
- Vagitanus Distant, 1918
- Vastarena Delorme, 2016
- Venustria Goding & Froggatt, 1904
- Versicolora Wei, Wang, Hayashi, He & Pham, 2020
- Vietanna Lee & Pham, 2021
- Viettealna Boulard, 1980
- Vittagaeana Hill et al., 2021
- Vittagaeana Moulds, Sarkar, Lee & Marshall, 2021
- Xeropsalta Ewart, 2018
- Xosopsaltria Kirkaldy, 1904
- Xossarella Boulard, 1980
- Yanga Distant, 1904
- Yezoterpnosia Matsumura, 1917
- Yoyetta Moulds, 2012
- Zammara Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
- Zammaralna Boulard & Sueur, 1996
- Zaphsa Lee & Emery, 2014
- Zouga Distant, 1906
在中國，蟬的剛出土的若蟲，稱知了猴、知了龜、蟬牛、蟬猴等，被視為一種食材，油炸、蒸煮或燒烤後可以食用。活的或醃漬後的蟬若蟲也會在市面上銷售。[25]但因富含異體蛋白，過敏體質者應謹慎食用。[26]
蟬若蟲的殼—「蟬蛻」，是一種中藥材[註 19]。此外，卵、若蟲、成蟲等遭受如真菌等微生物寄生，將產生「蟬花」，原理可以以冬蟲夏草的方式思維，只是它們應用上的藥效卻大不相同。[27]。
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