奧地亞語即烏荼語(/əˈdiːə/,ଓଡ଼ିଆ oṛiā,先前慣稱奧里亞語 /ɒˈriːə/))是印度的24種官方語言之一,主要在奧迪沙邦使用。由於勞工遷移的關係,在印度西部的古吉拉特邦也很流行。奧地亞語屬印歐語系印度語族的東部分支。使用人口約2,000萬。奧地亞語和阿薩姆語及孟加拉語是近親語。它的標準語形成於15世紀。由於奧迪沙地處偏僻,較晚為外族所征服,所以奧地亞語受外來語(波斯語和英語)的影響不大,而較多保留了本族語的特點。
此條目可參照英語維基百科相應條目來擴充。 |
標記
母音字
ଅ | ଆ | ଇ | ଈ | ଉ | ଊ | ଋ | ୠ | ଌ | ୡ | ଏ | ଐ | ଓ | ଔ |
a | ā | i | ī | u | ū | r̥ | r̥̄ | l̥ | l̥̄ | e | ai | o | au |
[ɔ] | [aː] | [i] | [iː] | [u] | [uː] | [ru] | [ruː] | [lu] | [luː] | [eː] | [ɔi̯] | [ɔ] | [ɔu̯] |
子音字
କ | ଖ | ଗ | ଘ | ଙ | ଚ | ଛ | ଜ | ଝ | ଞ | ଟ | ଠ | ଡ |
ka | kha | ga | gha | ṅa | ca | cha | ja | jha | ña | ṭa | ṭha | ḍa |
[kɔ] | [kʰɔ] | [ɡɔ] | [ɡʱɔ] | [ŋɔ] | [tʃɔ] | [tʃʰɔ] | [dʒɔ] | [dʒʱɔ] | [ɲɔ] | [ʈɔ] | [ʈʱɔ] | [ɖɔ] |
ଢ | ଡ଼ | ଢ଼ | ଣ | ତ | ଥ | ଦ | ଧ | ନ | ପ | ଫ | ବ | ଵ |
ḍha | ṛa | ṛha | ṇa | ta | tha | da | dha | na | pa | pha | ba | va |
[ɖʱɔ] | [ɽɔ] | [ɽʱɔ] | [ɳɔ] | [t̪ɔ] | [t̪ʰɔ] | [d̪ɔ] | [d̪ʱɔ] | [nɔ] | [pɔ] | [pʰɔ] | [bɔ] | 空 |
ଭ | ମ | ଯ | ୟ | ର | ଲ | ଳ | ୱ | ଶ | ଷ | ସ | ହ | |
bha | ma | ya | ẏa | ra | ḷa | la | va | śa | ṣa | sa | ha | |
[bʱɔ] | [mɔ] | [dʒɔ] | [jɔ] | [rɔ] | [ɭɔ] | [lɔ] | [wɔ] | [sɔ] | [sɔ] | [sɔ] | [hɔ] |
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音系
奧里亞語有 28 個輔音音位和 6 個元音音位。
前 | 後 | |
---|---|---|
高 | i | u |
中 | e | o |
低 | a | ɔ |
唇音 | 齒音 | 齒齦音 | 捲舌音 | 硬齶音 | 軟齶音 | 聲門音 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
鼻音 | m | n | ɳ | ||||
清塞音 | p pʰ |
t̪ t̪ʰ |
ʈ ʈʰ |
ʧ ʧʰ |
k kʰ |
||
濁塞音 | b bʱ |
d̪ d̪ʱ |
ɖ ɖʱ |
ʤ ʤʱ |
ɡ ɡʱ |
||
清擦音 | s | h | |||||
流音 | l, r | ɭ |
參考文獻
外部連結
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