What follows are estimations. Afrikaans has 16.3 million speakers; see de Swaan 2001,第216頁 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFde_Swaan2001 (help). Afrikaans has a total of 16 million speakers; see Machan 2009,第174頁 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMachan2009 (help). About 9 million people speak Afrikaans as a second or third language; see Alant 2004,第45頁 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAlant2004 (help), Proost 2006,第402頁 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFProost2006 (help). Afrikaans has over 5 million native speakers and 15 million second-language speakers; see Réguer 2004,第20頁 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRéguer2004 (help). Afrikaans has about 6 million native and 16 million second language speakers; see Domínguez & López 1995,第340頁 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDomínguezLópez1995 (help). In South Africa, over 23 million people speak Afrikaans, of which a third are first-language speakers; see Page & Sonnenburg 2003,第7頁 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPageSonnenburg2003 (help). L2 "Black Afrikaans" is spoken, with different degrees of fluency, by an estimated 15 million; see Stell 2008–2011,第1頁 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFStell2008–2011 (help).
In his latest book, Eric Hamp supports the thesis that the Illyrian language belongs to the Northwestern group, that the Albanian language is descended from Illyrian, and that Albanian is related to Messapic which is an earlier Illyrian dialect (Comparative Studies on Albanian, 2007).
Curtis, Matthew Cowan. Slavic–Albanian Language Contact, Convergence, and Coexistence. ProQuest LLC. 2011-11-30: 18 [31 March 2017]. ISBN 978-1-267-58033-7. (原始內容存檔於2017-03-31) (英語). So while linguists may debate about the ties between Albanian and older languages of the Balkans, and while most Albanians may take the genealogical connection to Illyrian as incontrovertible, the fact remains that there is simply insufficient evidence to connect Illyrian, Thracian, or Dacian with any language, including Albanian
David W. Anthony, "Two IE phylogenies, three PIE migrations, and four kinds of steppe pastoralism", Journal of Language Relationship, vol. 9 (2013), pp. 1–22
Persian | Department of Asian Studies. [2 January 2019]. (原始內容存檔於2021-02-08) (美國英語). There are numerous reasons to study Persian: for one thing, Persian is an important language of the Middle East and Central Asia, spoken by approximately 70 million native speakers and roughly 110 million people worldwide.