鼠科（学名：Muridae），哺乳纲啮齿目的一科，包括家鼠、旅鼠、田鼠、草原兔尾鼠等许多常见动物，原产于亚洲、欧洲、非洲、澳洲等广大地区，现在则已遍布地球每个角落。
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现时鼠科物种可再细分为五个亚科，合共约140属650种：
本属包括以下物种：
- Abditomys Musser, 1982
- Abelmoschomys Baskin, 1986
- Abeomelomys Menzies, 1990
- Abudhabia de Bruijn & Whybrow, 1994
- 非洲刺毛鼠属 Acomys I.Geoffroy, 1838
- Acrolophomys Kelly & Whistler, 2014
- Adelomyarion Hugueney, 1969
- 蹊鼠属 Aethomys Thomas, 1915
- Afrocricetodon Lavocat, 1973
- Allocricetodon Freudenthal, 1994
- 短耳仓鼠属 Allocricetulus Milne-Edwards, 1867
- Alloeumyarion Qiu, 2010
- Allorattus Qiu & Storch, 2000
- Altaiomys Serdyuk & Tesakov, 2007
- Amblycricetus Zheng, 1993
- Ameuromys Mein & Pickford, 2010
- Ammodillus Thomas, 1904
- Anatolomys Schaub, 1934
- Anepsirhizomys Flynn, 1982
- Anisomys Thomas, 1904
- Anonymomys Musser, 1981
- Antemus Jacobs, 1977
- Anthracomys Schaub, 1938
- 姬鼠属 Apodemus Kaup, 1829
- 菲律宾家鼠属 Apomys Mearns, 1905
- Aralocricetodon Bendukidze, 1993
- Aratomys Zazhigin, 1977
- 伊山鼠属 Archboldomys Musser, 1982
- Argyromys Schaub, 1958
- Arrujaomys
- 垄鼠属 Arvicanthis Lesson, 1842
- Atavocricetodon Freudenthal, 1996
- Atopomys Patton, 1965
- Ayakozomys Tyutkova, 2000
- Bagacricetodon Gomes Rodrigues, Marivaux & Vianey-Liaud, 2012
- Baiyankamys Hinton, 1943
- 板齿鼠属 Bandicota Gray, 1873
- Baranomys Kormos, 1934
- 长颈姬鼠属 Batomys Thomas, 1895
- Bensonomys Gazin, 1942
- Beremendimys Kretzoi, 1956
- 长尾巨鼠属 Berylmys Ellerman, 1947
- Blancomys van de Weerd, Adrover, Mein & Soria, 1977
- Boltimys Senegas & Michaux, 2000
- Brachiones Thomas, 1925
- Brachymelis Miklouho-Maclay, 1884
- Brassomys Musser & Lunde, 2009
- 穹鼠属 Bullimus Mearns, 1905
- 丘鼠属 Bunomys Thomas, 1910
- Byzantinia de Bruijn, 1976
- 岛鼠属 Canariomys Crusafont-Pairo & F.Petter, 1964
- Carletonomys Pardinas, 2008
- 吕宋鼠属 Carpomys Thomas, 1895
- Castillomys Michaux, 1969
- Castromys Martín Suárez & Freudenthal, 1994
- Centralomys de Giuli, 1989
- Chardinomys Jacobs & Chuan-Kuei, 1982
- Chionomys Schrank, 1798
- Chiromyscus Thomas, 1925
- 笔尾鼠属 Chiropodomys Peters, 1868
- 粗尾卷尾鼠属 Chiruromys Thomas, 1888
- Cholomys Reig, 1980
- 吕宋纹鼠属 Chrotomys Thomas, 1895
- Chuanocricetus Zheng, 1993
- Cimarronomys Hibbard, 1953
- Cincamyarion Agusti & Arbiol, 1989
- 谷鼠属 Coccymys Menzies, 1990
- Collimys Daxner-Hock, 1972
- Colomys Thomas & Wroughton, 1907
- Coloradoeumys Martin, 1980
- Conilurus Ogilby, 1838
- Copemys Wood, 1936
- Cordimus Zijlstra, McFarlane, Van den Hoek Ostende & Lundberg, 2014
- Coryphomys Schaub, 1937
- Cosomys Wilson, 1932
- Crateromys Thomas, 1895
- Cremnomys Wroughton, 1912
- Cremnontys
- Cricetodon Lartet, 1851
- Cricetops Matthew & Granger, 1923
- Cromeromys Zazhigin, 1980
- Crossomys Thomas, 1907
- Crunomys Thomas, 1897
- Dacnomys Thomas, 1916
- Dakkamyoides Lindsay, 1988
- Dakkamys Jaeger, 1977
- Dankomys Reig, 1978
- Dasymys Peters, 1875
- Debruijnia Ünay, 1996
- Debruijnimys Castillo & Agusti, 1996
- Democricetodon Fahlbusch, 1964
- Deomys Thomas, 1888
- Deperetomys Mein & Freudenthal, 1971
- Dephomys Thomas, 1926
- Desmodilliscus Wettstein, 1916
- Desmodillus Thomas & Schwann, 1904
- Desmomys Thomas, 1910
- Dilatomys Sen, 1983
- Diomys Thomas, 1917
- Diplothrix Thomas, 1916
- Dipodillus Lataste, 1881
- Dolomys Nehring, 1898
- Dushimys Zijlstra, 2012
- Echiothrix Gray, 1867
- Edirnella Unay-Bayraktar, 1989
- Eicooryctes Flynn, 1982
- Enginia de Bruijn & von Königswald, 1994
- Eoeumys Martin, 1980
- Epicricetodon Kretzoi, 1941
- Epimeriones Daxner-Hock, 1972
- Eropeplus Miller & Hollister, 1921
- Eucricetodon Thaler, 1966
- Eulmus Ameur-Chehbeur, 1991
- Eumyarion Thaler, 1966
- Eumys Leidy, 1856
- Eumysodon Argyropulo, 1939
- Euphaiomys Ruiz Bustos, 1988
- Euryotomys Pocock, 1976
- Extrarius Erten, 2017
- Fahlbuschia Mein & Freudenthal, 1971
- Faraframys Mein & Pickford, 2010
- Galushamys Jacobs, 1977
- Georychus Fleming, 1822
- Gerbilliscus Thomas, 1897
- Gerbillurus Shortridge, 1942
- Gerbillus Desmarest, 1804
- Geringia Martin, 1980
- Gobicricetodon Qiu, 1996
- Golunda Gray, 1837
- Goniodontomys Wilson, 1937
- Gracilimus Rowe, Achmadi & Esselstyn, 2016
- Grammomys Thomas, 1915
- Guildayomys Zakrzewski, 1984
- Hadromys Thomas, 1911
- Haeromys Thomas, 1911
- Halmaheramys Fabre, Pagès, Musser, Fitriana, Semiadi & Helgen, 2013
- Halmaheramys bokimekot Fabre, Pagès, Musser, Fitriana, Semiadi & Helgen, 2013[1]
- Hansdebruijnia Storch & Dahlmann, 1995
- Hapalomys Blyth, 1859
- Harimyscus Mein, Pickford & Senut, 2000
- Hasegawanema
- Hattomys Freudenthal, 1985
- Heimyscus Misonne, 1969
- Helgenema Smales, 2020
- Heramys Hofmeijer & de Bruijn, 1985
- Heterocricetodon Schaub, 1925
- Heteromimomys Zhang, Jin & Kawamura, 2010
- Hibbardomys Zakrzewski, 1984
- Hispanomys Mein & Freudenthal, 1971
- Hooijeromys Musser, 1981
- Huananomys Zheng, 1992
- Huaxiamys Wu & Flynn, 1992
- Huerzelerimys Mein, Martin Suarez & Agusti, 1993
- Hughjonestrongylus
- Hybomys Thomas, 1910
- Hydromys É.Geoffroy, 1804
- Hylomyscus Thomas, 1926
- Hyomys Thomas, 1904
- Hyorhinomys
- Hypsocricetus Daxner-Höck, 1992
- Ischymomys Zazhigin, 1977
- Jacobsomys Czaplewski, 1987
- Jebelus Kraatz, 2022
- Jordanomys Haas, 1966
- Kadarsanomys Musser, 1981
- Kalymnomys von Königswald, Fejfar & Tchernov, 1992
- Kanisamys Wood, 1937
- Karnimata Jacobs, 1978
- Karstocricetus Kordos, 1987
- Kerosinia Unay-Bayraktar, 1989
- Kilarcola Sahni & Kotlia, 1985
- Komodomys Musser & Boeadi, 1980
- Kowalskia Fahlbusch, 1969
- Krishnasamyos
- Kritimys Kuss & Misonne, 1968
- Lamottemys F.Petter, 1986
- Lartetomys Mein & Freudenthal, 1971
- Leakeymys Lavocat, 1964
- Leggadina Thomas, 1910
- Leidymys Wood, 1936
- Leilaomys Storch & Ni, 2002
- Leimacomys Matschie, 1893
- Lemniscomys Trouessart, 1881
- Lenomys Thomas, 1898
- Lenothrix Miller, 1903
- Leopoldamys Ellerman, 1947
- Leporillus Thomas, 1906
- Leptomys Thomas, 1897
- Lignitella Unay-Bayraktar, 1989
- Limnomys Mearns, 1905
- Lindsaymys Kelly & Whistler, 2014
- Linomys Storch & Ni, 2002
- Lophuromys Peters, 1874
- Lorentzimys Jentink, 1911
- Loupomys Königswald & Martin, 1984
- Lukeinomys Mein & Pickford, 2006
- Mabokomys Winkler, 1998
- Macruromys Stein, 1933
- Madromys Sody, 1941
- Malacomys Milne-Edwards, 1877
- Mallomys Thomas, 1898
- Malpaisomys Hutterer, Lopez-Martinez & Michaux, 1988
- Mammelomys Menzies, 1996
- Margaretamys Musser, 1981
- Mascaramys Tong, 1986
- Mastacomys Thomas, 1882
- Mastomys Thomas, 1915
- Maxomys Sody, 1936
- Megacricetodon Fahlbusch, 1964
- Melasmothrix Miller & Hollister, 1921
- Melissiodon Schaub, 1920
- Mellalomys Jaeger, 1977
- Melomys Thomas, 1922
- Meriones Illiger, 1811
- Mesembriomys Palmer, 1906
- Meteamys de Bruijn, Unay, van den Hoek Ostende & Sarac, 1992
- Micaelamys Ellerman, 1941
- Microdillus Thomas, 1910
- Microhydromys Tate & Archbold, 1941
- Microlophiomys Topacevski & Skorik, 1984
- Micromys Dehne, 1841
- Microtocricetus Fahlbusch & Mayr, 1975
- Microtodon Miller, 1928
- Microtoscoptes Schaub, 1934
- Mikrotia Freudenthal, 2006
- Millardia Thomas, 1911
- Mimomys Forstyth Mayor, 1902
- Mioharimys Mein, Pickford & Senut, 2000
- Miorhizomys Flynn, 2009
- Miotomodon Korth, 2011
- Mirabella
- Mirzamys Helgen & L.Helgen, 2009
- Muhsinia de Bruijn, Unay, van den Hoek Ostende & Sarac, 1992
- Muriculus Thomas, 1903
- Mus Linnaeus, 1758
- Musseromys Heaney, Balete, Rickart, Veluz & Jansa, 2009
- Mylomys Thomas, 1906
- Myocricetodon Afoudensis
- Myocricetodon Lavocat, 1952
- Myomyscus Shortridge, 1942
- Myotomys Thomas, 1918
- Nakalimys Flynn & Sabatier, 1984
- Namibimys Mein, Pickford & Senut, 2000
- Nannocricetus Schaub, 1934
- Nannospalax Nordmann, 1840
- Nebraskomys Hibbard, 1957
- Neocometes Schaub & Zapfe, 1953
- Neocricetodon Schaub, 1934
- Neomys Gray, 1873
- Nesokia Alston, 1876
- Nesokia Gray, 1842
- Nesoromys Thomas, 1922
- Nevadomys Mou, 2011
- Nilopegamys Osgood, 1928
- Niviventer J.T.Marshall Jr., 1976
- Notocricetodon Lavocat, 1973
- Notomys Lesson, 1842
- Occitanomys Michaux, 1969
- Oenomys Thomas, 1904
- Ogmodontomys Hibbard, 1941
- Ophiomys Hibbard & Zakrzewski, 1967
- Orchopeas
- Orientalomys de Bruijn & van der Meulen, 1975
- Otavimys Mein, Pickford & Senut, 2004
- Otomys F.Cuvier, 1824
- Pachyuromys Lataste, 1880
- Paciculus Cope, 1879
- Palawanomys Musser & Newcomb, 1983[2]
- Palawanomys furvus Musser & Newcomb, 1983
- Pannonicola Kretzoi, 1965
- Papagomys Sody, 1941
- Pappocricetodon Tong, 1992
- Paracricetodon Schaub, 1925
- Paracricetops Maridet & Ni, 2013
- Paracricetulus Young, 1927
- Paradakkamys Lindsay, 1988
- Paraethomys Petter, 1968
- Parahydromys Poche, 1906
- Paraleptomys Tate & Archbold, 1941
- Paramelomys Rümmler, 1936
- Paramelomystrongylus Smales, 2020
- Paramicrotoscoptes Martin, 1975
- Parapelomys Jacobs, 1978
- Parapodemus Schaub, 1938
- Pararhizomys Teilhard & Young, 1931
- Parasaidomys Agusti & Llenas, 1996
- Pardinamys Ortiz, Jayat & Steppan, 2012
- Paronychomys Jacobs, 1977
- 旱台鼠属 Parotomys Thomas, 1918
- Paruromys Ellerman, 1954
- Paucidentomys Esselstyn, Achmadi & Rowe, 2012[3]
- Paucidentomys vermidax Esselstyn, Achmadi & Rowe, 2012[4]
- Paulamys Musser, 1986
- 沟齿泽鼠属 Pelomys Peters, 1852
- Peracomys Petter & Roche, 1983
- 云鼠属 Phloeomys Waterhouse, 1839
- 猴足鼠属 Pithecheir Lesson, 1840
- Pithecheirops Emmons, 1993
- Plesiodipus Young, 1929
- Pliolemmus Hibbard, 1937
- Pliomys Méhely, 1914
- Pliophenacomys Hibbard, 1938
- Pliopotamys Hibbard, 1938
- Pliospalax Kormos, 1932
- Pliotomodon Hoffmeister, 1945
- Poamys Matthew, 1924
- 芒鼠属 Pogonomelomys Rümmler, 1936
- 卷尾鼠属 Pogonomys Milne-Edwards, 1877
- Portalactaga
- Postcopemys Lindsay & Czaplewski, 2011
- Potwarmus Antoñanzas, 2009
- Potwarmus Flynni, 2009
- Potwarmus Lindsay, 1988
- Praedicrostonyx
- 非洲柔毛鼠属 Praomys Thomas, 1915
- Preacomys Geraads, 2001
- Predicrostonyx Guthrie & Matthews, 1971
- Primoprismus Maridet, Wu, Ye, Meng, Bi & Ni, 2014
- Primus De Bruijn, Hussain & Leinders, 1981
- Proceromys Brandy, 1979
- Progonomys Debruijni Jacobs, 1978
- Progonomys Schaub, 1938
- Prohadromys Chaimanee, 1998
- Prokanisamys de Bruijn, Hussain & Leinders, 1981
- Pronakalimys Tong & Jaeger, 1993
- Proneofiber Hibbard & Dalquest, 1973
- Proodontomys Pocock, 1987
- Prosigmodon Jacobs & Lindsay, 1981
- Prosiphneus Teilhard de Chardin, 1926
- Prosomys Shotwell, 1956
- Protachyoryctes Hinton, 1933
- Protarsomys Lavocat, 1973
- Protatera Jaeger, 1977
- Protochromys Menzies, 1996
- Protolophiomys Aguilar & Thaler, 1987
- 肥沙鼠属 Psammomys Cretzschmar, 1828
- Pseudoberylmys
- Pseudocricetodon Thaler, 1969
- Pseudocricetops Gomes Rodrigues, Marivaux & Vianey-Liaud, 2012
- Pseudofahlbuschia Freudenthal & Daams, 1988
- 短尾水鼠属 Pseudohydromys Rümmler, 1934
- Pseudomeriones Schaub, 1934
- Pseudomys Gray, 1832
- Punjabemys Lindsay, 1988
- Qaidamomys Li & Wang, 2014
- Qianomys Zheng, 1993
- Ratchaburimys Chaimanee, Suteethorn, Triamwichanon & Jaeger, 1996
- Rattus Fischer, 1803
- Reigomys Machado, Leite, Christoff & Giugliano, 2014
- Renzimys Lacomba, 1983
- Repomys May, 1981
- Rhabdomys Thomas, 1916
- Rhagamys Forsyth Major, 1905
- Rhagapodemus Kretzoi, 1959
- Rhinocricetus Kretzoi, 1956
- Rhipodomys Tschudi, 1845
- Rhizomyides Bohlin, 1946
- Rhombomys Wagner, 1841
- Rhynchomys Thomas, 1895
- Rotundomys Mein, 1965
- Ruscinomys Depéret, 1890
- Saharamys Mein & Pickford, 2010
- Saidomys James & Slaughter, 1974
- Saxatilomys Musser, Smith, Robinson & Lunde, 2005
- Scottimus Wood, 1937
- Sekeetamys Ellerman, 1947
- Selenomys Matthew & Granger, 1923
- Senoussimys Ameur, 1984
- Shamalina Whybrow, Collinson, Daams, Gentry & McClure, 1982
- Sinocricetus Schaub, 1930
- Solomys Thomas, 1922
- Sommeromys Musser & Durden, 2002
- Soricomys Balete, Rickart, Heaney, Alviola, M.V.Duya, M.R.M.Duya, Sosa & Jansa, 2012
- Spanocricetodon Li, 1977
- Spelaeomys Hooijer, 1957
- Srilankamys Musser, 1981
- Stachomys Kowalski, 1960
- Stenocephalemys Frick, 1914
- Stenodontomys Pocock, 1987
- Stephanomys Schaub, 1938
- Stochomys Thomas, 1926
- Sundamys Musser & Newcomb, 1983
- Syafruddinema
- Symmetrodontomys Hibbard, 1941
- Tachyoryctoides Bohlin, 1937
- Taeromys Sody, 1941
- Tarsomys Mearns, 1905
- Tateomys Musser, 1969
- Tatera Lataste, 1882
- Taterillus Thomas, 1910
- Tcharinomys Savinov & Tutkova, 1987
- Tectonomys Winkler, 1997
- Ternania Tong & Jaeger, 1993
- Thallomys Thomas, 1920
- Thamnomys Thomas, 1907
- Tokudaia Kuroda, 1943
- Tonkinomys Musser, Lunde & Nguyen Truong Son, 2006
- Tragomys Agustí, Bover & Alcover, 2012
- Trakymys Unay-Bayraktar, 1989
- Trilophomys Depéret, 1892
- Tryphomys Miller, 1910
- Tsaganocricetus Topachevsky & Skorik, 1988
- Ungaromys Kormos, 1933
- Uranomys Dollman, 1909
- Uromys Peters, 1867
- Valerimys
- Vallaris Wessels, Theocharopoulos, de Bruijn & Unay, 2001
- Vandeleuria Gray, 1842
- Vernaya Anthony, 1941
- Vetusspalax de Bruijn, Marcovic & Wessels, 2013
- Villanyia Kretzoi, 1955
- Visternomys Radulesco & Samson, 1986
- Waiomys Rowe, Achmadi & Esselstyn, 2014[5]
- Waiomys mamasae Rowe, Achmadi & Esselstyn, 2014[6]
- Wilsoneumys Martin, 1980
- Wushanomys Zheng, 1993
- Xenuromys Tate & Archbold, 1941
- Xeromys Thomas, 1889
- Yatkolamys Martin & Corner, 1980
- Yunomys Qui & Storch, 1990
- Zelotomys Osgood, 1910
- Zramys Jaeger & Michaux, 1973
- 澳洲白尾鼠属 Zyzomys Thomas, 1909
Pierre-Henri Fabre, Marie Pagès, Guy G. Musser, Yuli S. Fitriana, Jon Fjeldså, Andy Jennings, Knud A. Jønsson, Jonathan Kennedy, Johan Michaux, Gono Semiadi, Nanang Supriatna and Kristofer M. Helgen. 2013. A New Genus of Rodent from Wallacea (Rodentia: Muridae: Murinae: Rattini), and its implication for Biogeography and Indo-Pacific Rattini Systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 169(2), 408–447; doi: 10.1111/zoj.12061
Musser, Guy G., and Cameron Newcomb. (1983). Malaysian Murids and the Giant Rat of Sumatra. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol. 174, No. 4.
Esselstyn, Jacob A., Anang Setiawan Achmadi, and Kevin C. Rowe. (2012). Evolutionary novelty in a rat with no molars. Biology Letters, Vol. 8, No. 6.
Jacob A. Esselstyn, Anang Setiawan Achmadi and Kevin C. Rowe. 2012. Evolutionary Novelty in A Rat with No Molars. Biology Letters, published online 22 August 2012, doi: dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0574
Rowe, Kevin C., Anang S. Achmadi, and Jacob A. Esselstyn. (2014). Convergent evolution of aquatic foraging in a new genus and species (Rodentia: Muridae) from Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. Zootaxa, Issue 3815, No. 4.
Rowe, Kevin C., Anang S. Achmadi & Jacob A. Esselstyn. 2014. Convergent Evolution of Aquatic Foraging in A New Genus and Species (Rodentia: Muridae) from Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. Zootaxa. 3815(4): 541–564. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3815.4.5
