鼠亚科（学名：Murinae）是鼠科之下五个亚科之一[1]，分布于非洲和欧洲、亚洲以及大洋洲（例如：新几内亚大鼠属，Anisomys）的大、小鼠，包含至少519个物种、超过100个属。这庞大的物种数量甚至比一些其他哺乳动物的科还要大，只有仓鼠科及鼠科能与之匹敌；本亚科甚至只比蝙蝠及啮齿目馀下的分类单元为小，其他哺乳动物的目都没有鼠亚科之物种数量庞大[2]。
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绝大多数鼠亚科物种的研究并不深，更遑论这些属的再分组。有文献把整个亚科超过100个属组成10个族。
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