次闭后不圆唇元音是一种元音。在声学上,更准确的称呼应为次闭次后不圆唇元音[1]。国际音标写作⟨ɯ̞⟩(较低的[ɯ])或⟨ɤ̝⟩(较高的[ɤ])。
Quick Facts 次闭后不圆唇元音, ɯ̞ ...
Close
More information 国际音标:元音, 闭 ...
Close
若与[ʊ]相比, 这个元音可以写作中央化的闭后不圆唇元音 [ɯ],即ɯ̽。这亦等价于更复杂的表示法⟨ɯ̞̈⟩(较低且央化的[ɯ])。
然而,由丹尼尔·琼斯和约翰·C·威尔斯制作的主要元音声学分析显示,基本上所有的不圆唇后元音(除了[ɑ]以外)在调音时都是次后元音。因此,“次闭后不圆唇元音”与“次闭次后不圆唇元音”两者间可能没有本质上的差异。[1]威尔斯在其著作《英语各地口音》(Accents of English)中,将这个元音转写为未被IPA收录的音标⟨ω⟩。
理论上来说,它也可以在IPA中表示为⟨ʊ̜⟩(较不圆唇的[ʊ]),但因 [ʊ]在《国际音标使用指南》(Handbook of the International Phonetic Association)已经被定义为圆唇的元音(而不像[ə]与[ɐ]未指定圆唇度),⟨ʊ̜⟩也可以表示稍微圆唇的[ʊ],而不一定是本文中完全不圆唇的元音。
次闭后不圆唇元音在韩语中是独立的音位。
- 其元音舌位是后,表示舌头的位置会尽可能地朝向口腔后部,但不至于阻碍气流而被归类为子音。
- 其圆唇度为不圆唇元音,嘴唇自然放松,不特别向前突起。
More information 语言, 词汇 ...
Close
NZE Phonology (PDF). Victoria University of Wellington: 3. [2019-05-30]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-11-18).
- Bauer, Laurie; Warren, Paul, New Zealand English: phonology, Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive (编), A handbook of varieties of English, 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter: 580–602, 2004, ISBN 3-11-017532-0
- Bowerman, Sean, White South African English: phonology, Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive (编), A handbook of varieties of English, 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter: 931–942, 2004, ISBN 3-11-017532-0
- Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M., The Phonetics of Cardiff English, Coupland, Nikolas; Thomas, Alan Richard (编), English in Wales: Diversity, Conflict, and Change, Multilingual Matters Ltd.: 87–103, 1990 [2019-05-30], ISBN 1-85359-032-0, (原始内容存档于2017-03-11)
- Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena, European Portuguese, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 1995, 25 (2): 90–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223
- Göksel, Asli; Kerslake, Celia, Turkish: a comprehensive grammar (PDF), Routledge, 2005, ISBN 978-0415114943, (原始内容 (PDF)存档于26 November 2014)
- Gordon, Matthew J., New York, Philadelphia, and other northern cities: phonology, Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive (编), A handbook of varieties of English, 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter: 282–299, 2004, ISBN 3-11-017532-0
- International Phonetic Association, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-521-65236-7
- Kirby, James P., Vietnamese (Hanoi Vietnamese) (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2011, 41 (3): 381–392 [2019-05-30], doi:10.1017/S0025100311000181, (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-10-11)
- Ladefoged, Peter, American English, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, Cambridge University Press: 41–44, 1999
- Lee, Hyun Bok, Korean, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, Cambridge University Press: 120–122, 1999, ISBN 0-521-63751-1
- Ní Chasaide, Ailbhe, Irish, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, Cambridge University Press: 111–16, 1999, ISBN 0-521-63751-1
- Urquía Sebastián, Rittma; Marlett, Stephen A., Yine, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2008, 38 (3): 365–369, doi:10.1017/S0025100308003356
- Wells, John C. (1982). Accents of English. Volume 2: The British Isles (pp. i–xx, 279–466), Volume 3: Beyond the British Isles (pp. i–xx, 467–674). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-52128540-2, 0-52128541-0.
- Zimmer, Karl; Orgun, Orhan, Turkish (PDF), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 154–158, 1999 [2019-05-30], ISBN 0-521-65236-7, (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2018-07-25)