日本史前哺乳动物列表

本列表列出了从日本列岛的化石记录中发现的史前哺乳动物。关于该地区现存的哺乳动物，请参阅日本哺乳动物列表（包括国际自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录^[1]上最近灭绝的物种以及环境省红色名录^[2]上的国内对应物种）。本列表也列出了历史上已经灭绝的物种以及局部灭绝且不再构成日本动物群一部分但从化石或亚化石记录中已知的现存物种。

中生代

目	演化支	科	属	种	地质层位	图片	年代
枝兽类（英语：Trechnotheria）	†"对齿兽目（英语：Symmetrodonta）"	†鼹兽科（英语：Spalacotheriidae）	†对掠兽属（英语：Symmetrolestes） Symmetrolestes	†小对掠兽 S. parvus Tsubamoto & Rougier, 2004[3]	北谷组（英语：Kitadani Formation）		白垩纪早期
兽形亚纲（英语：Theriimorpha）	†真三尖齿兽目	†双型齿兽科（英语：Amphidontidae）	†白山齿兽属（英语：Hakusanodon） Hakusanodon	†古白山齿兽 H. archaeus Rougier et al., 2007[4]	桑岛组（英语：Kuwajima Formation）
†异兽亚纲	†多瘤齿兽目	†始俊兽科（英语：Eobaataridae）	†白山俊兽属 Hakusanobaatar	†松尾白山俊兽 H. matsuoi Kusuhashi, 2008[5]
			†手取俊兽属 Tedoribaatar	†雷氏手取俊兽 T. reini Kusuhashi, 2008[5]
真兽下纲	†亚洲掘猬目（英语：Asioryctitheria）		†筱山臼齿兽属（日语：ササヤマミロス） Sasayamamylos	†河合篠山臼齿兽 S. kawaii Kusuhashi & Saegusa, 2013[6]	筱山群（英语：Sasayama Group）
		†Zhelestidae（英语：Zhelestidae）	†Sorlestes（英语：Sorlestes）	†S. mifunensis Setoguchi et al., 1999[7]	御船层群（英语：Mifune Group）		白垩纪晚期

新生代

目	演化支	科	属	种	异名	图片	年代
†白垩掠兽目	†全齿亚目	†冠齿兽科		†冠齿兽科未定种 Coryphodontidae sp.[8]			始新世早期–始新世晚期
			†亚洲冠齿兽属 Asiocoryphodon	†亚洲冠齿兽未定种 Asiocoryphodon sp.[8]
	†裂齿目（英语：Tillodontia）	†凿齿兽科（英语：Esthonychidae）	†Trogosus（英语：Trogosus）	†Trogosus cf. T. latidens[8]
			†Higotherium（英语：Higotherium）	†H. hypsodon Miyata & Tomida, 1998[9]			始新世中期
长鼻目	†嵌齿象总科（英语：Gomphotherioidea）	†嵌齿象科	†嵌齿象属Gomphotherium	†连接嵌齿象G. annectens	连接半乳齿象 Hemimastodon annectens Matsumoto, 1924[10]		中新世早期
					Bunolophodon yokotii Makiyama, 1938[11]
			†中华乳齿象属（英语：Sinomastodon）Sinomastodon	†仙台中华乳齿象S. sendaicus[12]	仙台三棱齿象Trilophodon sendaicus Matsumoto, 1924[10]		上新世早期
	象总科	†剑齿象科	†脊棱齿象属 Stegolophodon	†伪阔齿脊棱齿象 S. pseudolatidens[13]	伪阔齿始剑齿象 Eostegodon pseudolatidens Yabe, 1950[14]		中新世
					津田氏脊棱齿象 Stegolophodon tsudai Shikama & Kirii, 1956[15]
					Stegolophodon miyokoae Hatai, 1959[16]
			†剑齿象属 Stegodon	†三重剑齿象（日语：ミエゾウ） S. miensis	Stegodon clifti miensis Matsumoto, 1941[17]		上新世
					信州脊棱齿象 Stegolophodon shinshuensis Fossil Elephant Research Group, 1979[18]
					Stegodon bombifrons Itsukaichi Stegodon Research Group, 1980[19]
					类象剑齿象相似种 Stegodon cf. elephantoides[20]
				†原曙光剑齿象 S. protoaurora Aiba, Baba & Matsukawa, 2010[21]			上新世晚期–更新世早期
				†曙光剑齿象 S. aurorae[20]	曙光象 Elephas aurorae Matsumoto, 1918[22]		更新世早期
					关东副剑齿象 Parastegodon? kwantoensis Tokunaga, 1934[23]
					杉山氏副剑齿象 Parastegodon sugiyamai Tokunaga, 1935[24]
					明石副剑齿象 Parastegodon akashiensis Takai, 1936[25]
					罕见副剑齿象 Parastegodon infrequens Shikama, 1937[26]
					Stegodon shodoensis (partim)[20]
				†东方剑齿象（日语：トウヨウゾウ） S. orientalis[20][27]	Stegodon orientalis shodoensis Matsumoto, 1924[28]		更新世中期
		象科	†古菱齿象属 Palaeoloxodon	†诺氏古菱齿象 P. naumanni[11][29]:86	诺氏纳玛象 Elephas namadicus naumanni Makiyama, 1924[30]		更新世中期-更新世晚期
					德永氏古棱齿象 Loxodonta (Palaeoloxodon) tokunagai Matsumoto, 1924[31]
					布氏印度象 Elephas indicus buski Matsumoto, 1927[32]
					矢部纳玛象 Loxodonta (Palaeoloxodon) namadica yabei Matsumoto, 1929[33]
					横滨古菱齿象 Palaeoloxodon yokohamanus Tokunaga, 1934[34]
					世冈氏古菱齿象 Palaeoloxodon aomoriensis Tokunaga & Takai, 1936[35]
					濑户纳玛象 Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) namadicus setoensis Makiyama, 1929[36]
			†猛犸象属 Mammuthus	†草原猛犸 M. trogontherii[37]:347[38]	原猛犸真象 Euelephas protomammonteus Matsumoto, 1924[39]		更新世早期
					Parelephas protomammonteus proximus Matsumoto, 1926[40]
					模式原猛犸副象 Parelephas protomammonteus typicus Matsumoto, 1926[40]
					松本真猛犸象 Elephas primigenius matsumotoi Dietrich, 1927[41]
					Parelephas proximus uehataensis Shikama, 1937[42]
					四贺副猛犸原齿象 Archidiskodon paramammonteus shigensis Matsumoto & Ozaki, 1959[43]
				†真猛犸象 M. primigenius[44]			更新世晚期
海牛目		儒艮科	†杜氏海牛属 Dusisiren	†D. dewana Takahashi, Domning & Saito, 1986[45]			中新世晚期
				†高郷杜氏海牛 D. takasatensis Kobayashi, Horikawa & Miyazaki, 1995[46]
			†无齿海牛属 Hydrodamalis	†泷川海牛 H. spissa Furusawa, 1988[47]			上新世晚期
兔形目		鼠兔科	†跳鼠兔属（西班牙语：Alloptox） Alloptox	†日本跳鼠兔 A. japonicus Tomida, 2012[48]			中新世早期
啮齿目	豪猪亚目			梳齿鼠总科（英语：Ctenodactyloidea）未定种 Ctenodactyloidea sp.[8]			始新世早期-始新世中期
		硅藻鼠科	†硅藻鼠属（英语：Diatomys） Diatomys	†山东硅藻鼠 D. shantungensis[49][50]			中新世早期
	河狸亚目	河狸科	†窄颅河狸属（英语：Steneofiber） Steneofiber	†窄颅河狸未定种 Steneofiber sp.[49]			渐新世晚期
			†杨氏河狸属（英语：Youngofiber）Youngofiber	†中国杨氏河狸 Y. sinensis[51]	中国大河狸 Trogontherium sinensis Young, 1955[52]		中新世早期
			†Minocastor（英语：Minocastor）	†M. godai Mörs, Tomida & Kalthoff, 2016[53]
			†Euroxenomys（英语：Euroxenomys）	†E. nanus Mörs & Tomida, 2018[54]
	†始鼠总科（英语：Eomyoidea）	†始鼠科	†Megapeomys	†M. repenningi Tomida, 2011[55]			中新世早期
			†日本始鼠属 Japaneomys	†安野氏日本始鼠 J. yasunoi Kimura et al., 2019[56]
	鼠形亚目	仓鼠科	田鼠属 Microtus	†M. epiratticepoides Kawamura, 1988[57]			更新世中期-更新世晚期
			䶄属 Clethrionomys	†日本䶄 C. japonicus Kawamura, 1988[57]			更新世中期
			仓鼠属 Cricetulus	仓鼠未定种 Cricetulus sp.[58]
		鼠科	白腹鼠属 Niviventer	白腹鼠未定种 Niviventer sp.[59]			更新世晚期-全新世
			大鼠属 Rattus	†宫古鼠 R. miyakoensis Kawaguchi, Kaneko & Hasegawa, 2009[60]			更新世晚期
灵长目	简鼻亚目	猴科	†神奈川猴属（英语：Kanagawapithecus） Kanagawapithecus	†薄眶后神奈川猴 K. leptopostorbitalis	Dolichopithecus (Kanagawapithecus) leptopostorbitalis Iwamoto, Hasegawa & Koizumi, 2005[61]		上新世
	原猴亚目	†西瓦兔猴科		†西瓦兔猴科未定种 Sivaladapidae sp.[8]			始新世早期-始新世中期
真盲缺目		†近鼩鼱科（英语：Plesiosoricidae）	†近鼩鼱属（义大利语：Plesiosorex） Plesiosorex	†P. fejfari Oshima, Tomida & Orihara, 2017[62]			中新世早期
		鼩鼱科	†鹿间鼩鼱属（英语：Shikamainosorex） Shikamainosorex	†S. densicingulata Hasegawa, 1957[63]			更新世中期
			短尾鼩属 Anourosorex	†日本短尾鼩 A. japonicus Shikama & Hasegawa, 1958[64]			更新世晚期
翼手目	阳翼手亚目	蝙蝠科	†更新鼠耳蝠属（英语：Pleistomyotis） Pleistomyotis	†P. longihumeralis[65][58]			更新世中期
			鼠耳蝠属 Myotis	†冈藤鼠耳蝠 M. okafujii[58]
				†别府鼠耳蝠 M. beppuensis[58]
†索齿兽目			†贝西摩斯兽属（英语：Behemotops） Behemotops	†B. katsuiei Inuzuka, 2000[66]			渐新世晚期
		†索齿兽科（英语：Desmostylidae）	†足寄兽属（英语：Ashoroa） Ashoroa	†A. laticosta Inuzuka, 2000[66]
			†索齿兽属 Desmostylus	†日本索齿兽 D. japonicus Tokunaga & Iwasaki, 1914[67][68]			4.0 !Miocene
		†古索齿兽科（英语：Paleoparadoxiidae）	†古索齿兽属（英语：Paleoparadoxia） Paleoparadoxia	†P. tabatai	Cornwallius tabatai Tokunaga, 1939[69]
				†P. media Inuzuka, 2005[70]
偶蹄目	猪形亚目	猪科		猪科未定属 Suidae indet.[50]	Palaeochoerus japonicus Takai, 1954[71]		中新世早期
			†猪兽属（英语：Hyotherium） Hyotherium	†山旺猪兽 H. shanwangense[72]			中新世中期
	鲸凹齿形类	†豨科	†完齿豨属 Entelodon	†戈壁完齿豨 E. gobiensis[73]			始新世晚期
				†双锥齿兽总科（英语：Dichobunoidea）未定种 Dichobunoidea sp.[8]			始新世中期–始新世晚期
		†石炭兽科	†Bothriogenys（英语：Bothriogenys）	†Bothriogenys sp.[73]			始新世晚期
			†沟齿兽属 Bothriodon	†三田沟齿兽 B. sandaensis Tsubamoto et al., 2007[74]			始新世中期–始新世晚期
			†Elomeryx（英语：Elomeryx）	†E. japonicus[75]	Brachyodus japonicus Matsumoto, 1925[76]		渐新世中期
	鲸下目		†信浓海豚属（英语：Sinanodelphis） Sinanodelphis	†泉田信浓海豚 S. izumidaensis Makiyama, 1936[77]			中新世
		海豚科	†始海豚属（英语：Eodelphinus） Eodelphinus	†桦户始海豚 E. kabatensis	Stenella kabatensis Horikawa, 1977[78]
			†黎明豚属 Norisdelphis	†安中黎明豚 N. annakaensis Kimura & Hasegawa, 2020[79]
			伪虎鲸属 Pseudorca	†横山伪虎鲸（英语：Pseudorca yokoyamai） P. yokoyamai Matsumoto, 1926[80]			上新世
			虎鲸属 Orcinus	†古虎鲸（英语：Orcinus paleorca） O. paleorca	Orca paleorca Matsumoto, 1937[81]		更新世早期
		†肯氏海豚科	†肯氏海豚属 Kentriodon	†菅原肯氏海豚 K. sugawarai Guo & Kohno, 2021[82]			中新世早期–中新世中期
				†穗别肯氏海豚 K. hobetsu Ichishima, 1994[83]			中新世中期
		一角鲸科	†羽幌鲸属（英语：Haborodelphis） Haborodelphis	†日本羽幌鲸 H. japonicus Ichishima et al., 2018[84]			上新世早期
		鼠海豚科	†中新鼠海豚属 Miophocaena	†西野中新鼠海豚 M. nishinoi Murakami et al., 2012[85]			中新世晚期
			†原鼠海豚属 Archaeophocaena	†天盐原鼠海豚 A. teshioensis Murakami et al., 2012[85]
			†翼鼠海豚属 Pterophocaena	†西野翼鼠海豚 P. nishinoi Murakami et al., 2012[86]
			†羽幌鼠海豚属 Haborophocoena	†丰岛北海道鼠海豚 H. toyoshimai Ichishima & Kimura, 2005[87]			上新世早期
				†微小北海道鼠海豚 H. minutus Ichishima & Kimura, 2009[88]
			†沼津鼠海豚属 Numataphocoena	†山下沼津鼠海豚 N. yamashitai Ichishima & Kimura, 2000[89]
		喙鲸科	贝喙鲸属 Berardius	†小林氏贝喙鲸 B. kobayashii Kawatani & Kohno, 2021[90]			中新世中期–中新世晚期
		†异海豚科	†忍者海豚属（英语：Ninjadelphis） Ninjadelphis	†氏原忍者海豚 Ninjadelphis ujiharai Kimura & Barnes, 2016[91]			中新世早期
			†安房海豚属（英语：Awadelphis） Awadelphis	†平山氏安房海豚 A. hirayamai Murakami, 2016[92]			中新世早期
			†中新抹香鲸属（英语：Miophyseter） Miophyseter	†知多中新抹香鲸 M. chitaensis Kimura & Hasegawa, 2022[93]			中新世早期
			†噬抹香鲸属 Brygmophyseter	†四贺噬抹香鲸 B. shigensis	四贺斯卡尔鲸 Scaldicetus shigensis Hirota & Barnes, 1994[94]		中新世中期
		†始弓鲸科（英语：Eomysticetidae）	†大和鲸属（英语：Yamatocetus） Yamatocetus	†有凹槽大和鲸 Y. canaliculatus Okazaki, 2012[95]			渐新世晚期
		露脊鲸科	†独特鲸属（英语：Idiocetus） Idiocetus	†津轻独特鲸 I. tsugarensis Matsumoto, 1926[80]			中新世晚期
			†古露脊鲸属 Archaeobalaena	†道产子古露脊鲸 A. dosanko Tanaka, Furusawa & Kimura, 2020[96]			上新世早期
			†大树鲸属（英语：Taikicetus） Taikicetus	†井上大树鲸 T. inouei Tanaka, Ando & Sawamura, 2018[97]			中新世中期
			†勇鱼鲸属（英语：Isanacetus） Isanacetus	†宽头勇鱼鲸 Isanacetus laticephalus Kimura & Ozawa, 2002[98]			中新世早期
			†蒂奥鲸属（英语：Diorocetus） Diorocetus	†秩父蒂奥鲸 D. chichibuensis Yoshida, Kimura & Hasegawa, 2003[99]			中新世
				†庄原蒂奥鲸（日语：ショウバラクジラ） D. shobarensi Otsuka & Ota, 2008[100]			中新世中期
			†隔板鳁鲸属（英语：Parietobalaena） Parietobalaena	†山冈隔板鳁鲸 P. yamaokai Otsuka & Ota, 2008[100]
		新须鲸科	†比婆鲸属（英语：Hibacetus） Hibacetus	†广瀬比婆鲸 H. hirosei Otsuka & Ota, 2008[100]
			†上毛鲸属（英语：Joumocetus） Joumocetus	†清水上毛鲸J. shimizui Kimura & Hasegawa, 2010[101]			中新世晚期
		须鲸科	灰鲸属 Eschrichtius	†昭岛鲸（英语：Akishima_whale） E. akishimaensis Kimura, Hasegawa & Kohno, 2018[102]			更新世早期
	反刍亚目			鹿超科（英语：Cervoidea）未定属 Cervoidea indet.[50]	美浓两栖鼷鹿 Amphitragulus（英语：Amphitragulus） minoensis Matsumoto, 1918[103]		中新世早期
		鹿科	†叉角鹿属 Dicrocerus	†德永氏叉角鹿 D. tokunagai Matsumoto, 1927[104][105]
			†祖父鹿属 Cervavus	†平林氏欧文祖父鹿 C. oweni hirabayashii Tokunaga, 1926[106][105]			中新世晚期
			†后宽角鹿属 Metaplatyceros	†红杉后宽角鹿 M. sequoiae Shikama, 1941[107]			上新世晚期
			花鹿属 Axis	†日本花鹿 A. japonicus[108]	日本花鹿 Cervus (Axis) japonicus Otsuka, 1967[109]		更新世早期
					九州花鹿 Axis kyushuensis[110]
			麋鹿属 Elaphurus	†明石麋鹿 E. akashiensis	明石鹿 Cervus akasiensis Shikama, 1941[107]		上新世晚期
				†鹿间双叉麋鹿 E. bifurcatus shikamai[111]	鹿间麋鹿 Elaphurus shikamai Otsuka, 1968[112]		更新世早期
				†多摩麋鹿 E. davidianus tamaensis[111]	多摩麋鹿 Elaphurus (Elaphurus) tamaensis Shikama & Hasegawa, 1976[113]
				† 梅氏四不像 E. davidianus menziesianus[111]	Capreolus (Capreolina) mayai Tokunaga & Takai, 1936[114]		更新世中期–更新世晚期
					Elaphurus mayai[115]
			鹿属 Cervus	†加津佐鹿 C. (Nipponicervus) kazusensis[116][108]	Cervus (Sika) kazusensis Matsumoto, 1926[117]		更新世
					Cervus (Deperetia) trassaerti Shikama, 1941[107]
					Cervus (Deperetia) urbanus Shikama, 1941[107]
					日本古鹿 C. (Anoglochis) praenipponicus Shikama, 1936[118]
					直良氏鹿 Cervus (Deperetia) naorai Shikama, 1936[119]
					高野氏鹿 Cervus (Nipponicervus?) takaoi Otsuka & Shikama, 1977[120]
					岛原鹿 Cervus (Deperetia) shimabarensis Otsuka, 1967[109]
				†琉球侏儒鹿 C. astylodon'	琉球侏儒麂 Muntiacus astylodon Matsumoto, 1926[117]
					琉球侏儒泽鹿 Cervus (Rucervus) riukiuensis Matsumoto, 1926[117]
				†加藤清正格氏鹿 C. greyi katokiyomasai[121][122]	Cervus (Rucervus) katokiyomasai Shikama & Hasegawa, 1965[123]
					Cervus (Sika) natsumei Matsumoto, 1938[124]
					古虾夷鹿 Cervus (Sika) paleoezoensis Otsuka & Shikama, 1977[120]
				†九州鹿 C. kyushuensis	九州水鹿 Cervus (Rusa) kyushuensis Otsuka, 1966[125]		更新世早期
				†秋吉鹿 C. akiyoshiensis	秋吉日本鹿 Cervus (Nipponicervus) akiyoshiensis Otsuka, 1977[126]		更新世晚期
			†中华大角鹿属 Sinomegaceros	†矢部中华大角鹿 S. yabei[120]	矢部鹿 Cervus (Sinomegaceros) yabei Shikama, 1938[127]		更新世
					金流大角鹿 Megaceros kinryuensis Matsumoto & Mori, 1956[128]
小河套大角鹿 Megaceros (Sinomegaceros) ordosianus minor Kamei, 1958[129]
日本长颈鹿 Giraffa (Orasius?) nipponica Matsumoto, 1926[117][130]
狍属 Capreolus			†德永氏狍 C. tokunagai Otuka, 1941[131]	宫古狍 Capreolus miyakoensis Hasegawa, Otsuka & Nohara, 1973[132]		更新世–全新世
牛科		水牛属 Bubalus	水牛属未定种 Bubalus sp.[58]			更新世中期
		野牛属 Bison	†花泉野牛（日语：ハナイズミモリウシ） B. hanaizumiensis	花泉细野牛 Leptobison hanaizumiensis Matsumoto & Mori, 1956[128]		更新世晚期
			†西伯利亚野牛 B. priscus[58]
		长鬃山羊属 Capricornis	†C. (?) nikitini[116]	Naemorhedus nikitini Shikama, 1949[133]		更新世
奇蹄目		†豕齿兽科（英语：Hyopsodontidae）	†猪齿兽属 Hyopsodus	†猪齿兽未定种 Hyopsodus sp.[8]			始新世早期-始新世中期
	马形亚目（英语：Hippomorpha）	†雷兽科		†雷兽科未定种 Brontotheriidae sp.[8]
		马科	†安琪马属（英语：Anchitherium） Anchitherium	†戈壁安琪马近缘种Anchitherium aff. A. gobiense[134]	下伪马安琪马 Anchitherium hypohippoides Matsumoto, 1921[135]		中新世早期
	†爪兽亚目	†等外脊貘科	†等外脊貘属（英语：Isectolophus） Isectolophus	†等外脊貘未定种 Isectolophus sp.[8]			始新世早期-始新世中期
		†爪兽科		†裂爪兽亚科未定种 Schizotheriinae sp.[136]			中新世早期
	貘总科（英语：Tapiroidea）	†沼貘科	†Plesiocolopirus（英语：Plesiocolopirus）	†谷氏貘 P. grangeri[8]	Desmatotherium（英语：Desmatotherium） grangeri Tokunaga, 1933[137]		始新世中期
				†钏路貘（日语：クシロムカシバク） P. kushiroensis	Colodon（英语：Colodon） kushiroensis Tomida, 1983[138]		始新世中期–渐新世早期
		貘科	†近貘属（英语：Plesiotapirus） Plesiotapirus	†八木氏近貘 P. yagii	八木氏古貘 Palaeotapirus（英语：Palaeotapirus） yagii Matsumoto, 1921[135]		中新世早期
	犀总科	†貘犀科	†貘犀属 Hyrachyus	貘犀属未定种相似种 cf. †Hyrachyus sp.[74]			始新世早期–始新世中期
		†两栖犀科（英语：Amynodontidae）	†宰桑两栖犀属（英语：Zaisanamynodon） Zaisanamynodon	†Zaisanamynodon cf. Z. protheroi[8]			始新世中期-始新世晚期
				cf. †Z. borisovi[8]			始新世晚期
			†两栖犀属（英语：Amynodon） Amynodon	†渡边氏两栖犀 A. watanabei[8]	†渡边氏两栖犀？ Amynodon (?) watanabei Tokunaga, 1926[139]		始新世中期-始新世晚期
		犀科	†矮脚犀属 Brachypotherium	†战士矮脚犀 B. pugnator[136]	战士远角犀 Teleoceras (Brachypotherium) pugnator Matsumoto, 1921[135]		中新世早期
					战士大唇犀 Chilotherium pugnator
					可儿远角犀 Teleoceras (?) kaniensis Tokunaga, 1926[139]
					东京远角犀 Teleoceras (?) tokiensis Tokunaga, 1926[139]
			†近无角犀属（英语：Plesiaceratherium） Plesiaceratherium	†近无角犀未定种 Plesiaceratherium sp.[50]
			†斯迪凡犀属 Stephanorhinus	†基什贝尔格犀 S. kirchbergensis[140]	日本犀 Dicerorhinus nipponicus Shikama, 1967[141]		更新世中期
					新土居犀 Rhinoceros shindoi Tokunaga, 1931[142]
食肉目		†细齿兽科		†细齿兽科未定种 Miacidae sp.[8]			始新世早期–始新世中期
	猫型亚目	猫科	豹属 Panthera	†杨氏虎 P. youngi[143]	Felis youngi		更新世中期
			猫属 Felis	†小野猫 F. microtus[144]			更新世
	†犬熊总科	†犬熊科	†伊森格林狼属（英语：Ysengrinia） Ysengrinia	†伊森格林狼未定种 Ysengrinia sp.[145]			中新世中期
	犬总科（英语：Canoidea）	犬科	犬属 Canis	†法氏犬 C. falconeri[146]			更新世早期
			豺属Cuon	豺属未定种 Cuon sp.[147]			更新世中期
			貉属 Nyctereutes	†日本日本貉（日语：ホンドタヌキ） N. viverrinus nipponicus Shikama, 1949[133]			更新世早期
	鼬总科	小熊猫科	†副小猫熊属（英语：Parailurus） Parailurus	†副小猫熊属未定种 Parailurus sp.[148]			上新世早期–上新世中期
		鼬科	狗獾属 Meles	†古日本獾 M. mukasianakuma Shikama, 1949[133][58]			更新世中期
				†葛生獾 M. leucurus kuzuuensis Shikama, 1949[133][58]
			貂属 Martes	†貂貂 M. ten Shikama, 1949[133]			更新世
			†海獭貂属（英语：Enhydrictis） Enhydrictis	†日本海獭貂 E. (Oriensictis) nipponica	日本水獭 Lutra nipponica Naora, 1968[149]		更新世中期
					日本东方鼬 Oriensictis nipponica[150]
			鼬属 Mustela	†M. constricta[58][144]
				†葛生鼬 M. kuzuuensis[58]	Putorius kuzuuensis Shikama, 1949[133]		更新世晚期
	鳍足类[151]	†海虎科（英语：Desmatophocidae）	†异海虎属 Allodesmus[152]	†浦幌异海虎 A. uraiporensis Tonomori et al., 2018[152]			中新世中期
				†直良氏异海虎 A. naorai Kohno, 1996[153]
				†信浓异海虎 A. sinanoensis[153]	信浓北海狮 Eumetopias sinanoensis Nagao, 1941[154]
					信浓巨钉兽 Megagomphos sinanoensis[155]
					Allodesmus megallos Hirota, 1995[155]
					佐渡异海虎 Allodesmus sadoensis Hirota, 1995[155]
				†异海虎属未定种 Allodesmus sp.[156]
		海狮科	†溟海狮属 Thalassoleon	†井上氏溟海狮 T. inouei Kohno, 1992[157]			上新世
			†东海狮属 Oriensarctos	†渡濑氏东海狮 O. watasei Matsumoto, 1925	渡濑氏北海狮 Eumetopias watasei Matsumoto, 1925[158]		更新世早期
			北海狗属 Callorhinus	†吉氏北海狗 C. gilmorei[159]			上新世
				海狮科未定种 Otariidae sp.	小千谷北海狮 Eumetopias ojiyaensis Horikawa, 1981[160]		更新世晚期
		海象科	†原狮海象属 Prototaria	†扁头原狮海象 P. planicephala Kohno, 1994[161]			中新世中期
				†始祖原狮海象 P. primigena Takeyama & Ozawa, 1984[162]
			†伪狮海象属 Pseudotaria	†村本氏伪狮海象 P. muramotoi Kohno, 2006[163]			中新世
			†古海象属 Archaeodobenus	†赤松氏古海象 A. akamatsui Tanaka & Kohno, 2015[164]			中新世晚期
			†原海象属 Protodobenus	†日本原海象 Protodobenus japonicus Horikawa, 1995[165]			上新世早期
			海象属 Odobenus	†万田野海象 Odobenus mandanoensis Tomida, 1989[166]			更新世中期

历史灭绝或区域灭绝

目	演化支	科	属	种	图片	年代
海牛目		儒艮科	†无齿海牛属 Hydrodamalis	†大海牛 H. gigas[46]		早更新世-中更新世
啮齿目	鼠形亚目	仓鼠科	田鼠属 Microtus	根田鼠 M. oeconomus[58]		晚更新世
				东方田鼠 M. fortis[58]
			黑足旅鼠属 Myopus	黑足旅鼠 M. schisticolor[58]		中更新世
偶蹄目	反刍亚目	鹿科	鹿属 Cervus	水鹿 C. unicolor[167]		上新世
			驼鹿属 Alces	驼鹿 A. alces[168]		晚更新世
		麝科	麝属 Moschus	原麝 M. moschiferus[133]		更新世
		牛科	牛属 Bos	†原牛 B. primigenius[58]		晚更新世
食肉目	猫型亚目	猫科	豹属 Panthera	豹 P. pardus[144]		更新世
				虎 Panthera tigris[144][116]
			猞猁属 Lynx	欧亚猞猁 L. lynx[144][169]		晚更新世-全新世

化石物种与现存或最近灭绝的物种同义词

目	演化支	科	属	种	异名	图片	年代
偶蹄目	猪形亚目	猪科	猪属 Sus	野猪 S. scrofa[170]	日本猪 Sus nipponicus Matsumoto, 1915[171]		中更新世-晚更新世
					李氏野猪相似种 Sus cf. lydekkeri[133]
奇蹄目	马形亚目	马科	马属 Equus	马 E. caballus[172]	日本马 Equus nipponicus Shikama & Onuki, 1962[173]		晚更新世–全新世
食肉目	熊型下目	熊科	熊属 Ursus	棕熊 U. arctos[174]	田中氏熊 Ursus tanakai Shikama, 1949[133]		更新世
	鳍足类	海狮科	加州海狮属 Zalophus	加州海狮 Z. californianus[175]:72	岸田氏北海狮 Eumetopias (?) kishidai Shikama, 1953[176]
				†日本海狮 Z. japonicus[175]:72	渡濑海狮 Zalophus kimitsensis Matsumoto, 1939[177]		早更新世

另见

• 日本史前鸟类列表
• 日本哺乳动物列表

参考文献

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