碳以多种方式和不同的时间尺度离开陆地生物圈。透过燃烧或是呼吸会将有机碳迅速释放到大气中。它也透过河流携带进入海洋或以惰性碳的形式保留在土壤中。[27]储存在土壤中的碳可保留数千年,然后经侵蚀作用受冲刷进入河流,或透过土壤呼吸释放进入大气。于1989年至2008年期间,土壤呼吸作用每年增加的速率约为0.1%。[28]于2008年,全球土壤呼吸释放的二氧化碳总量约为980亿吨,[29]大约是人类现在每年透过燃烧化石燃料,排放到大气中碳量的3倍。{{cite web name=”World Agriculture”/>对于这种趋势有一些合理的解释,其中最可能的是气温升高,而加速土壤有机质的分解速度,继而增加二氧化碳的流量。土壤中储存碳的时间长度取决于当地的气候条件以及气候变化过程中的变化。[30]
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